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43-624: The North Riding of Yorkshire was a subdivision of Yorkshire , England, alongside York , the East Riding and West Riding . The riding's highest point was at Mickle Fell at 2,585 ft (788 m). From the Restoration it was used as a lieutenancy area , having been previously part of the Yorkshire lieutenancy . Each riding was treated as a county for many purposes, such as quarter sessions . An administrative county, based on

86-419: A municipal borough in 1853 and formed a county borough , exempt from county council control, from 1889. Richmond and Scarborough had been incorporated as municipal boroughs in 1835, with Thornaby-on-Tees added in 1892. The urban districts in 1894 were Eston , Guisborough, Hinderwell, Kirkleatham, Kirklington cum Upsland , Loftus, Malton, Masham, Northallerton, Pickering, Redcar, Saltburn and Marske by

129-608: A county borough) was included in the county for census and lieutenancy purposes. The number of county boroughs increased over the years; Rotherham gained this status in 1902, Barnsley and Dewsbury in 1913, Wakefield in 1915 and Doncaster in 1927. The boundaries of existing county boroughs were also widened. Beginning in 1898, the West Riding County Council was based at the County Hall in Wakefield, which

172-579: A fictional fourth riding. The title of the novel trilogy Red Riding by David Peace , set in Yorkshire, is a play on the word. The Yorkshire Ridings Society calls for wider recognition of the historic borders of Yorkshire. The Parts of Lindsey , one of the Parts of Lincolnshire , also possessed ridings, in this case the North , West , and South ridings. The Grand Jury (Ireland) Act 1836 empowered

215-400: A set of three, though once the term was adopted elsewhere it was used for other numbers (compare to farthings ). The modern form riding was the result of the initial th being absorbed in the final th or t of the words north , south , east and west , by which it was normally preceded. A common misconception holds that the term arose from some association between the size of

258-418: A single county council after the 1898 changes. County Galway from 1837 had East and West Ridings for Royal Irish Constabulary and county surveyor purposes. The Cork and Galway ridings became largely obsolete after independence in 1922, although the names "Cork East[/West] Riding" were used for the relevant Garda Síochána (police) divisions into the 1990s. Ridings existed in rural New Zealand in

301-480: Is a colloquial term for a constituency or electoral district . Officially, electoral district is generally used, although government documents sometimes use the colloquial term. In colloquial Canadian French, a riding is known as comté , i.e., 'county', as the electoral districts in Quebec were historically identical to its counties ; the official French term is circonscription . The Canadian use of riding

344-564: Is derived from the English local government term, which was widely used in Canada in the 19th century. Most Canadian counties never had sufficient population to justify administrative subdivisions. Nonetheless, it was common, especially in Ontario , to divide counties with sufficient population into multiple electoral districts, which thus became known as ridings in official documents. The term

387-624: Is descended from late Old English þriðing or * þriding (recorded only in Latin contexts or forms, e.g., trehing , treding , trithing , with Latin initial t here representing the Old English letter thorn ). It came into Old English as a loanword from Old Norse þriðjungr , meaning a third part (especially of a county) – the original "ridings", in the English counties of Yorkshire and Lincolnshire , were in each case

430-511: Is divided into farthings, into the Fourth Age . West Riding of Yorkshire The West Riding of Yorkshire was one of three historic subdivisions of Yorkshire , England. From 1889 to 1974 the riding was an administrative county named County of York, West Riding . The lieutenancy at that time included the city of York and as such was named "West Riding of the County of York and

473-642: Is known as an electoral district association, is often referred to as a riding association . The ancient county of Yorkshire had three ridings, North , West and East , originally each subdivided into wapentakes which were created by the Vikings. Note that the bounds of the City of York lay outside all the ridings to emphasise its political impartiality. The Yorkshire ridings were in many ways treated as separate administrative counties, having had separate quarter sessions and also separate lieutenancies since

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516-622: The Local Government (Ireland) Act 1898 , and were redenominated as counties "North Tipperary" and "South Tipperary" under the Local Government Act 2001 . They were merged back into a single County Tipperary by the Local Government Reform Act 2014 . County Cork had been divided in 1823 into East and West Ridings for quarter sessions and petty sessions , but not for assizes, and so had

559-587: The Lord Lieutenant of Ireland to divide Irish counties into ridings with separate assizes held in different towns. This was to allow County Tipperary to be divided in 1838 into a North Riding and South Riding , because the county town of Clonmel was inconveniently far south for jurors from the north. Nenagh became the North Riding's assize town. The ridings became separate administrative counties , with minor boundary adjustments, under

602-405: The Restoration . This practice was followed by the Local Government Act 1888 , which made each of the three ridings an administrative county with an elected county council. These county councils, along with the ancient lieutenancies, were abolished in 1974 under the Local Government Act 1972 . A local government area, East Riding of Yorkshire , was created in 1996, but this does not cover

645-672: The River Tees historically in Durham. The area was associated with the North Riding for lieutenancy and other purposes. The main towns of the riding (before its authority was abolished) were Middlesbrough , Redcar , Whitby , Scarborough and Northallerton . In 1974 the North Riding authorities were abolished. The majority of its former area became North Yorkshire , with the addition of northern West Riding and north-western pre-1974 East Riding . The former Teesside county borough and areas around it became part of Cleveland county while

688-644: The Sedbergh area of Cumbria , the Barnoldswick and Slaidburn areas of Lancashire , the Saddleworth area of Greater Manchester and the part of the East Riding of Yorkshire around Goole and southwest of the River Ouse . The West Riding encompassed 1,771,562 acres (7,169 km ) from Sheffield in the south to Sedbergh in the north and from Dunsop Bridge in the west to Adlingfleet in

731-501: The wards of England's four northernmost historic counties. The administrative county was formed in 1889 by the Local Government Act 1888 , and covered the historic West Riding except for the larger urban areas, which were county boroughs with the powers of both a municipal borough and a county council . Initially there were five in number: Bradford, Leeds, Huddersfield, Halifax, and Sheffield. The City of York (also

774-549: The Bruce . During the English Civil War , the North Riding predominantly supported the royalist cause, while other areas of Yorkshire tended to support the parliamentarians . The County of York, North Riding administrative county was formed in 1889. In 1894 it was divided into municipal boroughs, urban districts and rural districts under the Local Government Act 1894 . Middlesbrough had already been incorporated as

817-427: The County of the City of York". The riding ceased to be used for administrative purposes in 1974, when England's local government was reformed. Contemporary local government boundaries in Yorkshire largely do not follow those of the riding. All of South Yorkshire (except Finningley ) and West Yorkshire were historically within its boundaries, as were the south-western areas of North Yorkshire (including Ripon ),

860-1062: The Omata Riding remaining part of the Taranaki County Council, the Moa riding merging with the Inglewood Borough Council and the Waitara Riding becoming part of the Clifton County Council. In 1989 these were again merged, reorganised into district and/or city councils. For example, the above three all merged with the New Plymouth Council and Waitara Borough Councils to form the New Plymouth District Council. Examples: Ridings are originally Scandinavian institutions. In Iceland

903-462: The Sea , Scalby, Skelton and Brotton and Whitby . In 1922 Redcar was incorporated as a borough. The rural districts in 1894 were Aysgarth, Bedale , Croft , Easingwold, Flaxton , Guisborough, Helmsley, Kirkby Moorside, Leyburn, Malton, Masham, Middlesbrough , Northallerton, Pickering, Reeth, Richmond, Scarborough, Startforth , Stokesley , Thirsk, Wath and Whitby . County Review Orders reduced

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946-481: The Startforth Rural District came under County Durham. Most of the former riding is now represented by the larger North Yorkshire District . The boroughs of Middlesbrough and Redcar and Cleveland are wholly inside the former North Riding's area. They are also some parts of the former area in the council areas of Stockton-on-Tees , York and County Durham . On three occasions a re-use of

989-497: The West Riding until the mid-1960s had a distinctive style. At the top of the post was a roundel in the form of a hollow circle with a horizontal line across the middle, displaying "Yorks W.R.", the name of the fingerpost's location, and a grid reference. Other counties, apart from Dorset , did not display a grid reference and did not have a horizontal bar through the roundel. From 1964, many fingerposts were replaced by ones in

1032-636: The West Riding's time as a county; rural districts , Urban districts and municipal boroughs were under the administrative county while county boroughs were in the wider geographic county. The term "West Riding" continues to be used by organisations based in the historic area of the riding, such as the West Riding Sailing Club, the Ramblers , the West Riding County Football Association , and

1075-526: The district and the distance that can be covered or encircled on horseback in a certain amount of time (compare the Walking Purchase ). The term was used in Australia as a division of some shire councils, similar to a ward in city , borough , town and many shire councils. The term was used in 19th-century Canada to refer to subdivisions of counties. In Canadian politics , riding

1118-637: The east. The southern industrial district, considered in the broadest application of the term, extended northward from Sheffield to Skipton and eastward from Sheffield to Doncaster , covering less than one-half of the riding. Within this district were Barnsley , Batley , Bradford , Brighouse , Dewsbury , Doncaster , Halifax , Huddersfield , Keighley , Leeds , Morley , Ossett , Pontefract , Pudsey , Rotherham , Sheffield , Todmorden (partly in Lancashire until 1888, when fully incorporated into Yorkshire) and Wakefield . Major centres elsewhere in

1161-479: The entire area of the former East Riding and includes areas from the historical West Riding. According to the 12th century compilation known as the Leges Edwardi Confessoris , the riding was the third part of a county ( provincia ); to it causes were brought which could not be determined in the wapentake, and a matter which could not be determined in the riding was brought into the court of

1204-471: The form West Treding ) in the Domesday Book of 1086. Unlike most English counties, Yorkshire, being so large, was divided first into the three ridings ( East , North and West) and, later, the city of York (which lay within the city walls and was not part of any riding). Each riding was then divided into wapentakes , a division comparable to the hundreds of southern and western England and

1247-558: The industrial region were Goole , Ilkley , Knaresborough , Otley and Selby . The West Riding also contained a large rural area to the north including part of the Yorkshire Dales National Park (the remainder of the park being in the North Riding). The subdivision of Yorkshire into three ridings or "thirds" ( Old Norse : Þriðungr ) is of Scandinavian origin. The West Riding was first recorded (in

1290-567: The late 19th and early to mid 20th century as part of larger county councils in the area. For example, The Taranaki County Council was divided into three separate ridings: Moa (south), Omata (west) and Waitara (east). As use of the automobile became more popular with the improvement of roads, combined with the concurrent trend of urban drift ( c.  1950s ), the ridings were either merged back into their parent councils or separated off into county councils in their own right. The Taranaki County Council's three ridings eventually split, with

1333-403: The modern style, but some of the old style still survive within the West Riding boundaries. By 1971 1,924,853 people (or 50.85% of the West Riding's population) lived in the administrative county, against 1,860,435 (or 49.15%) in the ten county boroughs. In the Domesday Book of 1086 they were eleven wapentakes, these were as follows: In the end of regular use, the wapentakes were: During

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1376-483: The name of the North Riding for local government purposes has been considered. During the 1990s UK local government reform , the Banham Commission suggested uniting Richmondshire , Hambleton , Ryedale and Scarborough districts in a new unitary authority called North Riding of Yorkshire. Later, the government proposed renaming the ceremonial county of North Yorkshire the North Riding of Yorkshire. This

1419-619: The number of urban and rural districts in the county: In 1968 a new Teesside county borough was created, taking in Middlesbrough and parts of the administrative areas of Durham and North Riding councils. From the North Riding came the Redcar Borough and Saltburn-Marske Urban District, Thornaby-on-Tees Borough (formerly part of the Stokesley's rural district) and Eston's urban district. Tees-Side also included parts north of

1462-428: The other for Ryedale and Scarborough. Yorkshire was divided into wapentakes within each riding. There were 13 wapentakes when the system became disused after the 19th century: In the Domesday Book of 1086 they were eight wapentakes, these were as follows: 54°20′16″N 1°25′43″W  /  54.33778°N 1.42861°W  / 54.33778; -1.42861 Ridings of Yorkshire The word riding

1505-450: The riding included Harrogate and Ripon . Within the industrial region, other urban districts included Bingley , Bolton on Dearne , Castleford , Cleckheaton , Elland , Featherstone , Handsworth , Hoyland Nether , Liversedge , Mexborough , Mirfield , Normanton , Rawmarsh , Rothwell , Saddleworth , Shipley , Skipton , Sowerby Bridge , Stanley , Swinton , Thornhill , Wath-upon-Dearne , Wombwell and Worsborough . Outside

1548-468: The riding, was created with a county council in 1889 under the Local Government Act 1888 . In 1974 both the administrative county and the North Riding of Yorkshire lieutenancy were abolished, replaced in most of the riding by the non-metropolitan county and lieutenancy of North Yorkshire , and in the north-west by County Durham . Archives from 1808 record that the " north-riding of York-shire " had once consisted of "fifty-one lordships" owned by Robert

1591-630: The shire. Riding courts were held after the Norman Conquest . A charter which Henry I granted to the Church of St Peters at York mentions wapentacmot , triding mot and shiresmot (-mot designates popular assemblies), and exemptions from suit to the thriding or riding are described in the charters of the Norman kings. As yet, however, the jurisdiction and functions of these courts have not been ascertained. It seems probable from

1634-490: The silence of the records that they had already fallen into disuse early in the 13th century. Although no longer having any administrative role, the ridings of Yorkshire still play a part as cultural entities – they are used for the names of a number of groups and organisations and some people in Yorkshire associate themselves with one riding or another (see current usage of West Riding of Yorkshire ). Winifred Holtby 's 1936 novel South Riding and its adaptations were set in

1677-667: The third part of a thing which corresponded roughly to an English county was called þrithjungr . The island of Gotland and the Swedish provinces Närke and Hälsingland were also divided into þrithjungar instead of hundreds . In Norway , the þrithjungr seems to have been an ecclesiastical division. The term is analogous to fourths of a county, in a fashion similar to the old British farthing . They have also been found in Iceland and Gloucestershire . J. R. R. Tolkien 's fictional world of Middle-earth , The Shire ,

1720-427: The urban population grew (and more importantly, most city dwellers gained the franchise after property ownership was no longer required to gain the vote). Rural constituencies therefore became geographically larger through the 20th century and generally encompassed one or more counties each, and the word riding was then used to refer to any electoral division. The local association for a political party, which legally

1763-517: Was deemed inappropriate and rejected, after a "chorus of disapprobation". During a further local government review in the 2000s as part of the preparations for the regional assembly referendums , a unitary authority with the name North Riding of Yorkshire, consisting of Richmondshire, Hambleton, Ryedale and Scarborough was again suggested. However, the Commission withdrew this in favour or two unitary authorities, one for Hambleton and Richmondshire,

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1806-631: Was inherited by the West Yorkshire Metropolitan County Council in 1974. The Local Government Act 1888 included the entirety of Todmorden with the West Riding administrative county, and also in its lieutenancy area ("county"), though the postal address for Todmorden was Lancashire. Other boundary changes in the county included the expansion of the county borough of Sheffield southward in areas historically in Derbyshire such as Dore . Fingerposts erected in

1849-533: Was used in the legal descriptions of the electoral districts of Canada West in the Province of Canada . It was later used in the description of the new electoral districts which were created by the Constitution Act, 1867 , for the first elections to the new federal House of Commons and the new provincial Legislative Assembly of Ontario , immediately following Confederation . Soon after Confederation,

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