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37-761: The principal tributaries of the Northern Dvina are the Vychegda (right), the Vaga (left), and the Pinega (right). According to the Max Vasmer 's Etymological Dictionary , the name of the river has been taken from the Western Dvina . The toponym Dvina does not stem from a Uralic language ; however, its origin is unclear. Possibly it is an Indo-European word which used to mean river or stream . In

74-539: Is a town and the administrative center of Kargopolsky District in Arkhangelsk Oblast , Russia , located on both sides of the Onega River , several miles north of Lake Lacha , in the southwestern corner of the oblast . Population: 10,025 ( 2021 Census ) ; 10,214 ( 2010 Census ) ; 11,192 ( 2002 Census ) ; 12,495 ( 1989 Soviet census ) . It is not clear when Kargopol

111-528: Is classified as a historical town by the Ministry of Culture of Russian Federation, which implies certain restrictions on construction in the historical center. The only state museum in the town is the Kargopol State Museum of History, Art, and Architecture, founded in 1919. This is a cloak organization, which not only holds ethnographic, art, and historic exhibits, but also protects some of

148-621: Is heavily used for timber rafting . The Northern Dvina Canal connects it with the Volga–Baltic Waterway. In the 19th century, a short-lived Northern Ekaterininsky Canal , now abandoned, connected the Northern Dvina basin with the Kama basin as well. In 1926–28 a canal connecting the Pinega, one of the major tributaries of the Northern Dvina, with the Kuloy, was constructed, however, currently

185-626: Is incorporated within Kargopolsky District as the town of district significance of Kargopol . As a municipal division , the town of district significance of Kargopol, together with the village of Zazhigino in Pavlovsky Selsoviet of Kargopolsky District, are incorporated within Kargopolsky Municipal District as Kargopolskoye Urban Settlement . Timber industry serves as the basis of

222-528: Is not on a straight line connecting Vologda with Arkhangelsk. The Onega is only navigable between Kargopol and Lake Lacha, since there are rapids downstream of Kargopol. There is an airport in Kargopol , but since at least the early 1990s it has only been used for transporting cargo. The town is located on both sides of the Onega River, several miles north of Lake Lacha, in the southwestern corner of

259-497: The Baltic Sea and St. Petersburg was founded, Kargopol gradually faded to obscurity. However, the people of Kargopol were still active in the exploration of Asian Russia. Alexander Baranov , the first governor of Russian America ( Alaska ), was born in this town. Within the framework of administrative divisions , Kargopol serves as the administrative center of Kargopolsky District . As an administrative division, it

296-598: The Komi language , the river is called Вы́нва / Výnva from vyn "power" and va "water, river" hence "powerful river". The length of the Northern Dvina is 744 kilometres (462 mi). Together with its major tributary, the Sukhona , it is 1,302 kilometres (809 mi) long – about as long as the Rhine in central and western Europe. The area of its basin is 357,052 square kilometres (137,859 sq mi). The river basin of

333-1047: The Ob ). One was upstream the Vychegda and the Yarenga , and by land into the Vashka . Another one was upstream the Vychegda, the Vym , the Yelva, then by land to the Irva and to the Mezen. Two further options included going upstream the Pinega and then by land to the Kuloy and to the Mezen, or using the Pukshenga and the Pokshenga to get to the Pinega, and then from the Yozhuga taking boats by land to

370-750: The Sheksna , along the Slavyanka River into Lake Nikolskoye, then the boats were taken by land to Lake Blagoveshchenskoye, from there downstream along the Porozovitsa River into Lake Kubenskoye and further to the Sukhona and the Northern Dvina. From the Northern Dvina, there were a number of ways into the basin of the Mezen (from where the merchants could get to the basin of the Pechora and

407-670: The Solovetsky Monastery , was located in Kholmogory until 1762. Until the 1700s, Arkhangelsk was the main trading harbour for the sea trade of Russia and western Europe, and the Northern Dvina was the main trading route connecting the central Russia with Arkhangelsk. Peter the Great drastically changed the situation, by founding Saint Petersburg in 1703, thus opening the way for the Baltic Sea trade, and by constructing

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444-492: The Volga–Baltic Waterway , which links Petersburg to Moscow. The Sukhona flows east, eventually north-east, joins the north-flowing Yug at Veliky Ustyug and acquires the name 'Northern Dvina'. The P157 highway connects Kostroma with Kotlas via Nikolsk and Veliky Ustyug. North of Veliky Ustyg, the highway runs on the left bank of the Northern Dvina. The river flows about 60 kilometres (37 mi) north crossing from

481-538: The 900 square kilometres (350 sq mi) delta begins. In the upstream part of the delta, the great port of Arkhangelsk is located. It gradually replaced Kholmogory as the chief city of the region. On the southwest side of the delta is the naval base of Severodvinsk , the second-largest city in the region. The delta ends in the Dvina Bay of the White Sea. The river flows through Velikoustyugsky District of

518-610: The Civil War. 64°32′00″N 40°29′00″E  /  64.53333°N 40.48333°E  / 64.53333; 40.48333 Vychegda The Vychegda ( Russian : Вычегда ; Komi : Эжва , romanized:  Ežva ) is a river in the European part of Russia , a tributary of the Northern Dvina . Its length is about 1,100 kilometres (680 mi). Its source is approximately 310 kilometres (190 mi) west of

555-679: The Komi Republic, as well as less extended areas in Kirov Oblast and Perm Krai . About 800 kilometres (500 mi) of the Vychegda is navigable. In 1822 the Vychegda was connected to the river Kama , a tributary of the river Volga , by the Northern Catherine Canal , which, however, has been disused since 1838. In summer, there is regular passenger navigation connecting Kotlas and Soyga (located approximately halfway between Solvychegodsk and Yarensk ). The area

592-524: The Northern Dvina basin was controlled by Novgorod. Veliky Ustyug has been first mentioned in the chronicles in 1207, Shenkursk — in 1229, Solvychegodsk was founded in the 14th century. In the 13th century the Novgorod merchants already reached the White Sea. The area was initially attractive because of fur trading. The main waterway from Novgorod into the Northern Dvina was along the Volga and its tributary,

629-662: The Northern Dvina includes the major parts of the Vologda and the Arkhangelsk Oblasts , as well as areas in the western part of the Komi Republic and in the northern part of the Kirov Oblast , and minor areas in the north of Yaroslavl and Kostroma Oblasts . The cities of Arkhangelsk and Vologda , as well as many smaller towns, many of those of significant historical importance such as Veliky Ustyug , Totma , Solvychegodsk , and Kholmogory , are located in

666-535: The Vologda Oblast and through Kotlassky , Krasnsoborky , Verkhnetoyemsky , Vinogradovsky , Kholmogorsky , and Primorsky districts of the Arkhangelsk Oblast. All administrative centers of these districts are located at the banks of the Northern Dvina, as they developed when the river was the major transportation route of the region. In summer, the entire length of the river is navigable and

703-502: The Vologda Oblast into the Arkhangelsk Oblast, where in the city of Kotlas it receives the west-flowing Vychegda River which rises in the northern Ural Mountains . Since, at the confluence, the length of the Vychegda is greater than that of the Northern Dvina, the river between the source and the confluence with the Vychegda is sometimes known as the Lesser Northern Dvina ( Малая Северная Двина ). Shortly downstream from

740-905: The Zyryanskaya Yezhuga and the Vashka. From the Vychegda, the merchants also could get directly to the river basin of the Pechora via either the Cherya and the Izhma , or the Mylva . From the 14th century, Kholmogory was the main trading harbor on the Northern Dvina, but in the 17th century it lost this distinction to Arkhangelsk even though the seat of the Kholmogory and Vaga Eparchy , from 1732 known as Kholmogory and Archangelogorod Eparchy, which had jurisdiction over all Northern Russia including

777-533: The ancient route between Moscow and Arkhangelsk (then the only Russian seaport), Kargopol became one of the most prosperous cities of Russia, especially after the Muscovy Company started to operate in the mid-16th century. During the Time of Troubles it withstood a siege by Polish and Lithuanian brigands. The peasant rebel Ivan Bolotnikov was executed in Kargopol in 1608. After Russia regained access to

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814-488: The canal is pretty much neglected. Heavy commercial passenger navigation has largely disappeared and only local passenger lines remain. The passenger line connecting Kotlas and Arkhangelsk has been out of operation since 2005. The area was populated by Finnic peoples and then colonized by the Novgorod Republic . The only exception was Veliky Ustyug, which was part of Vladimir-Suzdal Principality . The rest of

851-598: The confluence, the Northern Dvina is crossed by the railway connecting Konosha with Kotlas and Vorkuta . The Northern Dvina turns northwest and receives a number of smaller rivers such as the Uftyuga and the Nizhnyaya Toyma , both from the northeast. Near the urban settlement of Bereznik, the Vaga comes in from the south. At this point, the M8 highway which runs from Moscow through Vologda to Arkhangelsk, also enters

888-586: The highway between Saint Petersburg and Arkhangelsk via Kargopol. The river quickly lost its role as the leading trading route, which was accelerated by the construction of the railway between Vologda and Arkhangelsk between 1894 and 1897. The Northern Dvina was scene of several battles during the Russian Civil War , many involving the Entente interventionist army as part of their North Russia Campaign . A special Northern Dvina Flotilla existed during

925-451: The industry of Kargopolsky District. The linum production factory, which used to exist in Kargopol until the 1970s, is defunct. Kargopol is connected by a paved road with Nyandoma and further east the principal highway in the region, M8 connecting Moscow and Arkhangelsk. There is a road to the north, which connects to M8 via Plesetsk and Brin-Navolok . This is the historic trading route which connected Kargopol with Arkhangelsk before

962-529: The issue, came to the conclusion that the railroad construction indeed would deteriorate the trade, but that if it does not pass Kargopol, the damage would be much stronger. Therefore, on both occasions, the Duma sent a petition requesting that the railway would be rerouted via Kargopol. This did not occur since the construction had already started in August 1894, and since the detour would have been too big, as Kargopol

999-563: The north-flowing Yug River at Veliky Ustyug. The combined stream, now called the Northern Dvina, flows north about 60 km and receives the west-flowing Vychegda at Kotlas and then turns northwest to flow into the White Sea. The Sukhona-Vychegda was an important east–west transportation route while the Northern Dvina-Yug was a north–south route. The upper Sukhona is now connected by the Northern Dvina Canal to

1036-498: The northern Ural Mountains . It flows roughly in a western direction, through the Komi Republic and Arkhangelsk Oblast . The largest city along the Vychegda is Syktyvkar , the capital of the Komi Republic. The Viled , the Yarenga , and the Vym are among its main tributaries. The Vychegda flows into the Northern Dvina in Kotlas (Arkhangelsk Oblast). The river basin of the Vychegda comprises vast areas in Arkhangelsk Oblast and in

1073-556: The oblast. Today, Kargopol is a sleepy historical town adjoining the Kenozersky National Park . It is best known in Russia for Kargopol toys ( Kargopolskiye igrushki ), which are small, simple clay figures painted in traditional style. During its golden age in the 17th century, Kargopol became home to a highly localized brand of medieval Russian architecture . Quite a few wooden and white stone churches survive in

1110-540: The railroad was built and long stretches of this road are still unpaved. The stretch between Kargopol and Plesetsk was paved in 2011. Another unpaved road in the western direction crosses the border with the Republic of Karelia and heads to Pudozh . There is no railroad in Kargopol, even though at the time of construction of the railway between Vologda and Arkhangelsk—a decision taken by Tsar Alexander III in June 1894—it

1147-507: The region. The Yomtsa or Yemtsa joins from the southeast, with the P1 highway (from Kargopol ) running parallel. The Pinega , formerly an important river route, joins from the east. Near the mouth of the Pinega, the river splits into several channels, among which is the ancient selo of Kholmogory 75 kilometres (47 mi) southeast of Arkhangelsk. The branches rejoin and pass the modern logging town of Novodvinsk . Downstream from Novodvinsk,

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1184-507: The river basin of the Pechora via either the Cherya and the Izhma , or via the Mylva . The Russian name – Vychegda – is believed to come from an ancient Ob-Ugric name with the meaning "meadow river" (reconstructed as * vič-oxt , compare Mansi wānsi "grass" and āxt "stream"). Komi Ežva is a calque from this name: eža "meadow" and va "water, river". [REDACTED] Media related to Vychegda River at Wikimedia Commons Kargopol Kargopol ( Russian : Ка́ргополь )

1221-456: The river basin of the Northern Dvina. The Northern Dvina basin is roughly T-shaped. The 558 kilometres (347 mi)-long Sukhona River flows east and joins the basin of the west-flowing Vychegda (1,130 kilometres (700 mi) long). The combined river flows northwest into the White Sea , which it joins near the city of Arkhangelsk . Looking more closely, the Sukhona flows east and meets

1258-469: The town and its vicinity. The earliest of these buildings is the black-domed Cathedral of the Nativity of Christ, built of dolomite by Novgorodians and consecrated in 1562. The interior features a curious iron hand sticking from the drum. A hallmark of Kargopol churches is delicate stone carving. The Kargopol stone churches are classified as historical and architectural heritage and include: Kargopol

1295-444: Was founded, but, when first chronicled in 1146, it was a trade station of the Novgorod Republic and one of the most northerly permanent Slavic settlements. Although documentation for its early history is scarce, it is believed that Kargopol was the most significant trade center of Bjarmaland throughout the 13th and 14th centuries. In 1447, it was the place where Dmitry Shemyaka found refuge from Vasily II 's ire. Situated on

1332-402: Was originally populated by Finno-Ugric peoples , and was home to Vychegda Perm , which was then later colonized by the Novgorod Republic . Solvychegodsk was founded in the 14th century, Yarensk has been known since 1374. The area was attractive in the first instance because of the fur trading. From the Northern Dvina, the merchants went to the Vychegda, and further they could get directly to

1369-547: Was the biggest town in the region, and the railway was constructed through unpopulated areas. There is an urban legend stating that Kargopol merchants were unhappy with the prospective of the railway construction in Kargopol, thinking it would deteriorate the trade, and therefore requested the railway to be built in detour. As a matter of fact, the local governance body, the Kargopol Duma, in September 1894 twice discussed

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