Northern Low Saxon (in Standard High German : Nordniedersächsisch , also Nordniederdeutsch , lit. North(ern) Low Saxon/German ; in Standard Dutch : Noord-Nedersaksisch ) is a subgroup of Low Saxon dialects of Low German . As such, it covers a great part of the West Low German-speaking areas of northern Germany , with the exception of the border regions where South Low Saxon ( Eastphalian and Westphalian ) is spoken, and Gronings dialect in the Netherlands.
31-884: Northern Low Saxon can be divided into Holsteinian ( Holsteinisch ), Schleswigian ( Schleswigsch ), East Frisian Low Saxon , Dithmarsch ( Dithmarsisch ), North Hanoveranian ( Nordhannoversch ), Emslandish ( Emsländisch ), and Oldenburgish ( Oldenburgisch ) in Germany, with additional dialects in the Netherlands such as Gronings. Holsteinisch is spoken in Holstein , the southern part of Schleswig-Holstein in Germany , in Dithmarschen , around Neumünster , Rendsburg , Kiel and Lübeck . Schleswigsch ( German pronunciation: [ˈʃleːsvɪkʃ] )
62-638: A group of survivors returned to the city and maintained a small community until it was dissolved during the 1970s. Nevertheless, due to Jewish emigration from the former USSR to Germany in the 1990s, a community of about 340 people is now maintaining its own synagogue, cemetery and other facilities. The old Jewish cemetery, which is no longer active after the opening of a new one, was desecrated twice in 2011 and 2013. There are two public universities in Oldenburg: Privately managed institutions of higher education: Other: Oldenburg hosted
93-653: A large amount of unique lexical, syntactic, and phonological items which differ from other Low Saxon variants. Some Old Frisian vocabulary is still in active speech today. East Frisian features frequent use of diminutives, as in the Dutch language , e.g. kluntje ‘lump of rock sugar ’. In many cases, diminutives of names, especially female ones, have become names of their own. For example: Antje (from Anna), Triintje (from Trina = Katharina) etc. The dialects spoken in East Frisia are closely related to those spoken in
124-653: A state of decrease. East Frisian Low Saxon is not to be confused with the East Frisian language ; the latter, spoken by about 2,000 individuals in the Saterland region, is a Frisian language , not Low German . There are several dialects in East Frisian Low Saxon. There are two main groups of dialects. The dialects in the east, called Harlinger Platt , are strongly influenced by Northern Low Saxon of Oldenburg . The western dialects are closer to
155-413: A time of war and turmoil and its population and power grew considerably. In 1667, the town was struck by a disastrous plague epidemic and, shortly after, a fire destroyed Oldenburg. The Danish kings, who were also counts of Oldenburg at the time, had little interest in the condition of the town and it lost most of its former importance. In 1773, Danish rule ended. Only then were the destroyed buildings in
186-490: Is a Northern Low Saxon dialect spoken in the East Frisian peninsula of northwestern Lower Saxony . It is used quite frequently in everyday speech there. About half of the East Frisian population in the coastal region uses the language. A number of individuals, despite not being active speakers of East Frisian Low Saxon, are able to understand it to some extent. However, both active and passive language skills are in
217-574: Is also located there, and small planes can be chartered. Scenic flights can be booked as well. Oldenburg is connected to shipping through the Küstenkanal , a ship canal connecting the rivers Ems and Weser . With 1.6 million tons of goods annually, it is the most important non-coastal harbour in Lower Saxony. Bicycles play a very important part in personal transport. The city is surrounded by large agricultural areas, about 80% of which
248-462: Is connected to the nationwide network of federal autobahns, as well as to the international E-road network (German: Europastraßen ). Oldenburg Central Station , Oldenburg (Oldb) Hauptbahnhof , is at the intersection of the railway lines Norddeich Mole — Leer —Oldenburg—Bremen and Wilhelmshaven —Oldenburg—Osnabrück, with Intercity services to Berlin , Leipzig and Dresden and InterCityExpress services to Frankfurt and Munich . Oldenburg
279-461: Is grassland. There are farms near and even a few within city limits. Predominant agricultural activities of the region are the cultivation of livestock, especially dairy cows and other grazing animals, crops such as grains for food and animal feed, as well as asparagus, corn, and kale. Sea salt production in the Oldenburg region has been used since the 15th century to supply the huge salt demand in
310-466: Is hardly used. Some examples are Buscherumpje , a fisherman's shirt, or lüttje , a diminutive of lütt , little. Instead the adjective lütt is used, e.g. dat lütte Huus , de lütte Deern , de lütte Jung . There are a lot of special characteristics in the vocabulary, too, but they are shared partly with other languages and dialects, e.g.: East Frisian Low Saxon East Frisian Low Saxon , East Frisian Low German or simply called East Frisian
341-478: Is only about half an hour drive from Bremen Airport (about 50 km | 31 miles). Other international airports nearby are Hamburg Airport (160 km | 100 miles) and Hannover-Langenhagen Airport (170 km | 106 miles). The small Hatten Airfield, (Flugplatz Oldenburg-Hatten ICAO airport code : EDWH), is located about 17 km south-west of Oldenburg. It serves to small aircraft (private planes, gliders, balloons, and helicopters). A flight training school
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#1732772556538372-462: Is spoken in Schleswig , which is divided between Germany and Denmark . It is mainly based on a South Jutlandic substrate . Therefore, it has some notable differences in pronunciation and grammar with its southern neighbour dialects. The dialects on the west coast of Schleswig (Nordfriesland district) and some islands show some North Frisian influences. Oldenburgisch is spoken around
403-514: Is the place of origin of the House of Oldenburg . Before the end of the German Empire (1918), it was the administrative centre and residence of the monarchs of Oldenburg . Archaeological finds point to a settlement dating back to the 8th century. The first documentary evidence, in 1108, referenced Aldenburg in connection with Elimar I (also known as Egilmar I) who is now commonly seen as
434-607: The Baltic region. Peat extraction in the area continued for many centuries until it was replaced by coal mines. As of 31.12.2019 Oldenburg had 169,960 residents. 24.8% of the population were first or second generation immigrants. Oldenburg is the seat of administration and bishop of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in Oldenburg , whose preaching venue is the St Lamberti Church . The history of
465-652: The Dutch province of Groningen ( Grunnegs , Grünnigs) and in Northern Drenthe (Noordenvelds). The biggest difference seems to be that of loanwords (from Dutch or German, resp.). The standard greeting is Moin (moi in Gronings), used 24 hours a day. East Frisian Low Saxon has two orthographies which are well known. One is developed by the Ostfriesische Landschaft, which is based on
496-484: The Free State of Oldenburg was dissolved and the area became the 'Administrative District' of Oldenburg ( Verwaltungsbezirk Oldenburg ) within the newly formed federal German state of Lower Saxony ( Niedersachsen ) . The city was now capital of the district. In 1978 the district was dissolved and succeeded by the newly formed Weser-Ems administrative region ( Regierungsbezirk Weser-Ems ) , again with
527-504: The Jewish community of Oldenburg dates back to the 14th century. Towards and during the 19th century, the Jews in Oldenburg were always around 1% of the total population, and by that time had acquired their own synagogue, cemetery and school. Most of them were merchants and businessmen. On 1938 Kristallnacht , the town men were led to Sachsenhausen concentration camp , among them Leo Trepp ,
558-482: The Low Saxon Language spoken in the Dutch province of Groningen , Gronings . East Frisian Low Saxon differs from other Northern Low Saxon dialects in several aspects, which are often linked to Frisian heritage. The language originally spoken in East Frisia and Groningen was Frisian, so the current Low German dialects of East Frisia, as part of the dialects, build on a Frisian substrate which has led to
589-635: The Nazi Party's share of the vote rose to 27.3%, and on May 29, 1932, the Nazi Party received 48.4% in the state election, enough to put the Nazi party in charge of forming a state government and, significantly, making Oldenburg the first state in the country to put the Nazis in power based on electoral turnout. By that autumn, a campaign of Aryanization began, forcing the sale of formerly Jewish-owned properties at steep discounts. In 1945, after World War II ,
620-512: The State of Oldenburg became part of the British zone of occupation . The British military government of the Oldenburg region resided in the city. Several displaced-persons camps were set up in the city that had suffered only 1.4% destruction during the bombing campaigns of World War II . About 42,000 refugees migrated into Oldenburg, which raised the number of residents to over 100,000. In 1946
651-547: The abdication of Grand Duke Frederick Augustus II of Oldenburg ( Friedrich August II von Oldenburg ) on 11 November 1918. The Grand Duchy now became the Free State of Oldenburg ( German : Freistaat Oldenburg ) , with the city remaining the capital. In the 1928 city elections, the Nazi Party received 9.8% of the vote, enough for a seat on the Oldenburg city council. In the September 1930 Oldenburg state elections,
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#1732772556538682-478: The area of Nordhannoversch (in a broader sense). The most obvious common character in grammar is the forming of the perfect participle. It is formed without a prefix, as in all North Germanic languages , as well as English and Frisian , but unlike standard German , Dutch and some dialects of Westphalian and Eastphalian Low Saxon: The diminutive ( -je ) (Dutch and East Frisian Low Saxon -tje , Eastphalian -ke , High German -chen , Alemannic -le , li )
713-547: The city as administrative capital. The state of Lower Saxony dissolved all of the Regierungsbezirke by the end of 2004 in the course of administrative reforms. Local elections take place every five years. The city council (Stadtrat) has 50 seats. The lord mayor (Oberbürgermeister) is elected directly by the citizens. The city centre of Oldenburg is surrounded by a ring of freeways ( autobahns ) consisting of A 28 , A 29 and A 293 . Because of this, Oldenburg
744-527: The city of Oldenburg . It is limited to Germany. The main difference between it and East Frisian Low Saxon , which is spoken in the Frisian parts of Lower Saxony , is the lack of an East Frisian substrate. Oldenburgisch is spoken in the city of Bremen as "Bremian" , which is the only capital where Oldenburgisch is spoken. a) b) c) Emsländisch and Oldenburgisch are also grouped together as Emsländisch-Oldenburgisch , while Bremen and Hamburg lie in
775-574: The city rebuilt in a neoclassicist style. ( German -speakers usually call the "neoclassicist style" of that period klassizistisch , while neoklassizistisch specifically refers to the classicist style of the early 20th century.) After the German government announced the abdication of Emperor Wilhelm II (9 November 1918) following the exhaustion and defeat of the German Empire in World War I , monarchic rule ended in Oldenburg as well with
806-486: The community Rabbi who survived and later became an honorary citizen of Oldenburg and honored by a street named after him. Since 1981 an annual commemoration walk (Erinnerungsgang) has been held by Oldenburg citizens in memory of the deportation of the Oldenburg Jews on November 10, 1938. Those who remained after 1938 emigrated to Canada, USA, United Kingdom, Holland or Mandatory Palestine. After World War II ,
837-528: The dialect in this page are also in this spelling. Oldenburg (city) Oldenburg ( German pronunciation: [ˈɔldn̩bʊʁk] ; Northern Low Saxon : Ollnborg ) is an independent city in the state of Lower Saxony , Germany. The city is officially named Oldenburg (Oldb) ( Oldenburg in Oldenburg ) to distinguish from Oldenburg in Holstein . During the French annexation (1811–1813) in
868-461: The first count of Oldenburg. The town gained importance due to its location at a ford of the navigable Hunte river. Oldenburg became the capital of the County of Oldenburg (later a Duchy (1774–1810), Grand Duchy (1815–1918), and Free State (1918–1946)), a small state in the shadow of the much more powerful Hanseatic city of Bremen . In the 17th century Oldenburg was a wealthy town in
899-466: The orthography by Johannes Sass . The Ostfriesische Landschaft uses this spelling for all of their projects, and to promote the dialect. It is considered to also be a cross di-dialect compromise writing, to provide materials in Low German for outside of the East Frisian Low Saxon dialect speaking area, and is recognized by the government of Lower Saxony . However, a newer, more phonetic orthography
930-592: The wake of the Napoleonic war against Britain, it was also known as Le Vieux-Bourg in French. The city is at the rivers Hunte and Haaren , in the northwestern region between the cities of Bremen in the east and Groningen (Netherlands) in the west. According to Germany's 2022 census, the city's population is 172,759. Oldenburg is part of the Northwest Metropolitan Region , which is home to approximately 2.8 million people. The city
961-545: Was developed in 1975 by Holger Weigelt, since he expressed concerns that the grammatical structures and character of East Frisian Low Saxon would not be presented well under the Sass-based spelling. This orthography is used fully by the Jungfräiske Mäinskup, which promotes the dialect and provides learning materials in this spelling. The Incubator Misplaced Pages for East Frisian Low Saxon along with the examples of