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26-616: With a height of 3,053 metres (10,016 ft) above sea level and a prominence of 2,231 metres (7,320 ft), Nat Ma Taung is one of the ultra prominent peaks of Southeast Asia . Located in three townships - Kanpatlet , Mindat and Matupi , Nat Ma Taung is part of the Chin Hills range. Nat Ma Taung is in the Chin Hills–Arakan Yoma montane forests ecoregion . Surrounded at lower elevations by tropical and subtropical moist forests , Nat Ma Taung's higher elevations form

52-532: A sky island , home to many temperate and alpine species typical of the Himalaya further north, and many endemic species. The White-browed nuthatch ( Sitta victoriae ) is a bird endemic to this mountain range. The peak is unique for the presence of trees, bushes and grass, which have adapted to the environment. On the way towards the top you will pass pine trees ( Pinus kesiya ), common names are Khasi pine, Benguet pine or three-needled pine. The local name

78-604: A characteristic pressure-temperature curve. As the pressure gets lower, the temperature decreases. The rate of decrease of temperature with elevation is known as the adiabatic lapse rate , which is approximately 9.8 °C per kilometer (or 5.4 °F per 1000 feet) of altitude. The presence of water in the atmosphere complicates the process of convection. Water vapor contains latent heat of vaporization . As air rises and cools, it eventually becomes saturated and cannot hold its quantity of water vapor. The water vapor condenses (forming clouds ), and releases heat, which changes

104-491: A mountain is roughly equivalent to moving 80 kilometres (50 miles or 0.75° of latitude ) towards the pole. This relationship is only approximate, however, since local factors, such as proximity to oceans , can drastically modify the climate. As the altitude increases, the main form of precipitation becomes snow and the winds increase. The temperature continues to drop until the tropopause , at 11,000 metres (36,000 ft), where it does not decrease further. This

130-467: A prominence of over 3,000 metres (9,800 ft), but only 22 with more than 4,000 metres (13,000 ft) prominence. A number of ultras have yet to be climbed, with Sauyr Zhotasy , (possibly) Mount Siple , and Gangkar Puensum being the most likely candidates for the most prominent unclimbed mountain in the world. All of the Seven Summits are ultras by virtue of the fact that they are

156-482: Is administered by the Department of Forestry and Environment. The base of this national park can be reached either via Kanpetlet Township (easy access), or via Mindat Township (not easy as the road is incomplete). The only public transport to the base of the mountain is a four-wheel drive jeep that plies between Soe and the mountain base via Kanpetlet in the dry season. The road up to the lodge after Kanpetlet town

182-512: Is between 1.5 and 3 °C (34.7 and 37.4 °F). The alpine climate in Holdridge system is roughly equivalent to the warmest tundra climates (ET) in the Köppen system. b) the alvar climate, the coldest mountain climate since the biotemperature is between 0 °C and 1.5 °C (biotemperature can never be below 0 °C). It corresponds more or less to the coldest tundra climates and to

208-548: Is divided by the number of all temperatures (including both adjusted and non-adjusted ones). The variability of the alpine climate throughout the year depends on the latitude of the location. For tropical oceanic locations, such as the summit of Mauna Loa , the temperature is roughly constant throughout the year. For mid-latitude locations, such as Mount Washington in New Hampshire , the temperature varies seasonally, but never gets very warm. The temperature profile of

234-1091: Is higher than the highest summit . Although this climate classification only covers a small portion of the Earth's surface, alpine climates are widely distributed. They are present in the Himalayas , the Tibetan Plateau , Gansu , Qinghai and Mount Lebanon in Asia ; the Alps , the Urals , the Pyrenees , the Cantabrian Mountains and the Sierra Nevada in Europe ; the Andes in South America ;

260-406: Is hot, it tends to expand, which lowers its density. Thus, hot air tends to rise and transfer heat upward. This is the process of convection . Convection comes to equilibrium when a parcel of air at a given altitude has the same density as its surroundings. Air is a poor conductor of heat, so a parcel of air will rise and fall without exchanging heat. This is known as an adiabatic process , which has

286-493: Is sealed (= hard-surfaced) and beyond is an earth track. The track is not navigable even by a four-wheel drive in the wet season due to severe damage by storm water. The track is the main access to about 20 villages near the base of the mountain. At the base of the mountain, one track leads to villages, the centre track leads to the peak, and the other track traverses to Mindat Township and then on to Soe Township. Due to tract damage, tourists, many national and few international, visit

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312-476: Is virtually not managed, as there are no security personnel, park wardens and the like. One main threat that is affecting the bio-diversity of this national park is bush fires ignited by local people. Trees were seen burning even on top of the mountain in 2014 May. The second issue tarnishing the beauty of the mountain is accumulation of litter, paper, cartons, cans, plastic, polythene and cans. The visitors are not provided with any instructions on what not to do within

338-583: Is ထင်းရှူး [tʰḭ́ jú]) which is one of the most widely distributed pines in Asia. as well as many oaks ( Quercus spp.). Epiphytes still cover older trees despite illegal picking; so many Coelogyne , Dendrobium and Cymbidium plants can be seen. Rhododendron arboreum flowers along roads during the dry season. The mountain is now protected within Nat Ma Taung National Park ( နတ်မတောင်အမျိုးသားဥယျာဉ် ), established in 1994. The park

364-794: The Caucasus ), 84 in Africa , 69 in Oceania , and 41 in Antarctica . Many of the world's largest mountains are ultras, including Mount Everest , K2 , Kanchenjunga , Kilimanjaro , Mont Blanc , and Mount Olympus . On the other hand, others such as the Eiger and the Matterhorn are not ultras. Many ultras lie in rarely visited and inhospitable parts of the world, including 39 in Greenland ,

390-507: The Köppen climate classification , the alpine and mountain climates are part of group E , along with the polar climate , where no month has a mean temperature higher than 10 °C (50 °F). According to the Holdridge life zone system, there are two mountain climates which prevent tree growth : a) the alpine climate, which occurs when the mean biotemperature of a location

416-702: The Matterhorn and Eiger , are not ultras because they are connected to higher mountains by high cols and thus do not achieve enough topographic prominence. The term "ultra" originated with earth scientist Steve Fry, from his studies of the prominence of peaks in Washington in the 1980s. His original term was "ultra major mountain", referring to peaks with at least 1,500 metres (4,900 ft) of prominence. Currently, 1,518 ultras have been identified above sea level: 639 in Asia , 356 in North America , 209 in South America , 120 in Europe (including 12 in

442-939: The Sierra Nevada , the Cascade Range , the Rocky Mountains , the northern Appalachian Mountains ( Adirondacks and White Mountains ), and the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt in North America ; the Southern Alps in New Zealand ; the Snowy Mountains in Australia ; high elevations in the Atlas Mountains , Ethiopian Highlands , and Eastern Highlands of Africa ; the central parts of Borneo and New Guinea ; and

468-410: The ice cap climates (EF) as well. Holdrige reasoned that plants net primary productivity ceases with plants becoming dormant at temperatures below 0 °C (32 °F) and above 30 °C (86 °F). Therefore, he defined biotemperature as the mean of all temperatures but with all temperatures below freezing and above 30 °C adjusted to 0 °C; that is, the sum of temperatures not adjusted

494-471: The atmosphere is a result of an interaction between radiation and convection . Sunlight in the visible spectrum hits the ground and heats it. The ground then heats the air at the surface. If radiation were the only way to transfer heat from the ground to space, the greenhouse effect of gases in the atmosphere would keep the ground at roughly 333 K (60 °C; 140 °F), and the temperature would decay exponentially with height. However, when air

520-425: The high points of large landmasses. Each has its key col at or near sea level, resulting in a prominence value almost equal to its elevation. Alpine climate Alpine climate is the typical climate for elevations above the tree line , where trees fail to grow due to cold. This climate is also referred to as a mountain climate or highland climate . There are multiple definitions of alpine climate. In

546-547: The high points of the Arctic islands of Novaya Zemlya , Jan Mayen and Spitsbergen , and many of the peaks of the Greater ranges of Asia. In British Columbia , some of the mountains listed do not even have generally recognized names. Thirteen of the fourteen 8,000-metre summits are ultras (the exception being Lhotse ), and there are a further 64 ultras over 7,000 metres (23,000 ft) in height. There are 90 ultras with

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572-440: The lapse rate from the dry adiabatic lapse rate to the moist adiabatic lapse rate (5.5 °C per kilometre or 3 °F per 1000 feet). The actual lapse rate, called the environmental lapse rate , is not constant (it can fluctuate throughout the day or seasonally and also regionally), but a normal lapse rate is 5.5 °C per 1,000 m (3.57 °F per 1,000 ft). Therefore, moving up 100 metres (330 ft) on

598-464: The mountain mainly in the dry season. The tract is navigable by a four-wheel drive car all the way to the peak. Many motorcycles-for-hire offer rides to the top, and if you walk both up and down, you are the extreme tourist. To walk from "base camp parking lot" it usually takes three hours up and maybe two down. The mountain is "protected" by words only. Many activities that hinder the natural beauty and its bio-diversity are taking place unabated. The park

624-477: The nearby surroundings terrain. Ultra prominent peak An ultra-prominent peak , or ultra for short, is a mountain summit with a topographic prominence of 1,500 metres (4,900 ft) or more; it is also called a P1500 . The prominence of a peak is the minimum height of climb to the summit on any route from a higher peak, or from sea level if there is no higher peak. There are approximately 1,524 such peaks on Earth. Some well-known peaks, such as

650-429: The park. There is no admission fee. The number of visitors to the peak is unknown. Foreign visitors during the year are about 100 whereas large number of local people visit the peak almost daily in the dry season. The people living in all villages are poor. Basic services such as education, health and water supply are extremely poor. There are opportunities that could provide potential employment to local people especially

676-533: The youth through promotion of eco-tourism. The engagement of youth as tourist guides will also help protect this beautiful mountain by educating the public as well as making them to be vigilant over destructive activities that are taking place at present. The development of eco-tourism is also seen as a potential vehicle to develop remote villages hugged within the park. The mountaintop has a borderline alpine climate ( Köppen climate classification ET ) along with Subtropical Highland climate ( Köppen Cwc / Cwb ) in

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