Misplaced Pages

#751248

29-598: Natinga originated from Didinga's common word "kitingatek" which literarily means let's force it. During the advent of SPLM/A struggles and in 1989, the Didinga SPLA Commander the late Lincoln Loki Lokoro, husband to Hon. Lucy Yaya mobilized the soldiers and local communities to open up a footpath that passed from Himan(New Cush) to Nadapal. This was the time when Omar Bashir staked a coup- detat and took power in Khartoum. Following that even in Khartoum,

58-494: A degree Christianity . It fought against the governments of Gaafar Nimeiry , Sadiq al-Mahdi and Omar Hasan Ahmad al-Bashir in what is now called the Second Sudanese Civil War . SPLA/M's declared aim was to establish a democratic Sudan with it as the leading party in control of the southern areas. The war has been largely described in religious and ethnic terms, and also as a struggle for control of

87-1039: A manifesto setting out its positions and attracted a group of rebellious southern Sudanese soldiers of the Sudanese Army based in Bor , Pochalla , and Ayod (first called the Bor Mutiny). These joined remnants of the Anyanya rebels of the First Sudanese Civil War based in Ethiopia . Founders of the SPLA (the military wing of the movement) included Captain Salva Kiir Mayardit , Samuel AbuJohn Khabas, Major William Nyuon Bany , Major Kerubino Kuanyin Bol and many other southern Sudanese officers of

116-681: A revolt against the oppressive Khartoum government in Malual-Chaat a garrison in Town of Bor, in May 1983, leading to the birth of the Sudan People's Liberation Movement and Sudan People's Liberation Army (SPLM/SPLA). Bor was also the scene of the 1991 Bor massacre, where thousands of civilians were killed by Riek Machar's army of loyal tribesmen. Eventually South Sudan became independent on 9 July 2011 following 22 years of liberation struggle. Bor

145-413: A single payam . These new counties were Bor South County ( Kolnyang payam ), Bor East County ( Anyidi Payam ), Bor Central county ( Makuach Payam ), Bor West County ( Baidit Payam ), and Bor North County ( Jalle Payam ). Bor is the second most developed city, in central South Sudan, approximately 190 kilometres (120 mi), by road, north of Juba , the capital and largest city in the country. The town

174-484: Is estimated by the United Nations agency's Statistics to be 727,583. The economy depends on agricultural products, fishing, livestock and foreign investments in different sectors. Bor has the highest number of livestock (cattle, goats and sheep) in the country. Bor is the second largest economy in the country, with Juba being the first as it is the centre of businesses and government. Prior to 2013 civil war, Bor

203-558: Is located on the east bank of the White Nile. Köppen-Geiger climate classification system classifies its climate as tropical wet and dry ( Aw ). “The effects of climate change in South Sudan have led to unusually intense rains: flood waters have forced people from their homes, leaving them without sufficient food and water,” says Caroline Sekyewa, IRC country director in South Sudan. Apr 10, 2023 The 2024 population of Bor

232-655: Is near the scene of the crash. Natinga is inhabited by the Didinga people , it is in Lotukei Payam, Budi County . In March 1993 Moli Tokoro and Borongoli camps were evacuated for Natinga after the National Islamic Front had made advances in the south. The route led through Palotaka , where about 800 of the unaccompanied minors decided to settle. In some cases the SPLA appears to have recruited boys as fighters. There were 2,800 unaccompanied boys at

261-552: Is of historical importance to the people of South Sudan. It was in Malek , a small settlement about 19 kilometres (12 mi) south of Bor, that one of the first modern Christian missions in present-day South Sudan was established by Archibald Shaw in 1906. Bor became the first area to host a Church Missionary Society station in 1906. Malek was turned into a missionary stronghold in the Upper Nile Region . Shaw opened

290-489: The 2013 South Sudanese coup d'état attempt , Bor was contested in several weeks of combat between the national army and rebels led by Riek Machar due to its influential status on national affairs. A portion of the Nuer White Army joined the fighting as well. In 2016, Bor was designated as the seat of Bor Municipality. The same order sub-divided the former Bor County into five smaller counties, each containing

319-582: The Second Sudanese Civil War . It is the historic place in Budi County of Eastern Equatoria . Natinga is in a small village at the base of the foothills of the Losolia Mountains . It is just north of the Kenyan border. These are the mountains where John Garang de Mabior , founder and wartime leader of Sudan People's Liberation Army (SPLA) died in a helicopter accident in 2005. The village

SECTION 10

#1732793156752

348-596: The South Sudanese Civil War in 2013–2014, the SPLM factionalised into the SPLM-Juba, led by President Salva Kiir, and SPLM-IO (in opposition), led by former Vice President Riek Machar. Bor, South Sudan Bor is a historic city in the Bor region of Jonglei State , located in the central region of South Sudan . It has also served as the headquarters of Jonglei state. The city is situated on

377-545: The Sudanese Armed Forces . Joseph Oduho was made chairman of the SPLM and Colonel John Garang , a Dinka army officer, was made commander of the SPLA. Oduho was later deposed by Garang, who made himself overall leader of the combined movement (SPLA/M). The Government of Sudan has been associated with Islam and Arab descent and culture since then, in deep contrast with the SPLA, associated instead with Africanism, indigenous beliefs, African culture and, to

406-797: The Turkiyah Government . In the early years of the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan , Bor was a "wooding station" for steamers travelling along the White Nile (Bahr al Jabal River). In 1905, Bor was established as the headquarters of the Bor District . Bor became an administrative centre under the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan (1899–1956) for the Dinka Bor people . Bor is the epicenter of the Second Sudanese Civil War. 105 Battalion led by Alier Nhialmangardit staged

435-529: The IDPs moved to Kakuma camp in Kenya instead. However, a 1,300 metres (4,300 ft) long airstrip was built to the east of Natinga, and eventually 2,086 IDPs were airlifted. SPLM Although the party has not adhered to one consistent ideology since the independence of South Sudan and many factions exist, it has been described as "being on the left of centre ideological[ly] speaking," and section IV.2 of

464-582: The SPLA/M, who were alleged to have operated on the Ugandan side of the Sudanese border with Uganda at the southern limit of Sudan. In 2005, a treaty between the SPLA/M and the Sudanese government led to the formal recognition of Southern Sudanese autonomy. SPLM joined the government as part of the 2005 peace agreement, gaining about one-third of government positions. On 11 October 2007, the SPLM withdrew from

493-519: The Toposa militiamen became very active on the Narus-Kapoeta roads. Tried to disrupt and block SPLA activities along this international road to Kenya. So the SPLA had to look for other safest alternative roads. The decision was to locally construct the road from Lotukei to Nadapal. It was the old British Colonialist road which was constructed by the Didinga people . Nonetheless, Lincoln started

522-514: The country, is located in Bor. The university is named after John Garang de Mabior a former leader of Sudan People Liberation Army/Movement (SPLA). Garang was a guerrilla leader fighting in Southern Sudan against Khartoum governments for what he termed as “New Sudan” under the SPLA/M umbrella. The Comprehensive Peace Agreement in 2005 was signed under his leadership, an event which paved way for

551-475: The east side of the White Nile (Bahr al Jabal River) at the southern extent of the sudd , South Sudan's vast central wetlands. Bor is located on the eastern bank of White Nile River, a site where an ivory trading depot was established in the 1860s. It grew into a regional hub of the ivory trade during the late nineteenth century. In 1874, Charles George Gordon established a government station there under

580-656: The first primary school in Malek. This school produced the first indigenous Anglican bishop to be consecrated in Dinkaland, Rt. Rev. Daniel Deng Atong , followed the Nikonora Achiek Deng Ariir. Daniel Deng Atong became the first to be baptized in Bor. Bor was an epicenter of the start of the Second Sudanese Civil War . In Malual-Chaat barrack, statues of liberators and destroyed weapons are conserved and exhibited at historical heritage site. Following

609-413: The footpath smoothly. Reported the road workers got very tired when the road reached Loruth. Some local communities deserted the road work. The soldiers who were left behind were ordered to continue with the work to the end. With looming hunger and fatigue, the workers were to give up the road work. However, Commander Lincoln Loki Lokoro has to apply a bit of militaristic force on the soldiers to finish up

SECTION 20

#1732793156752

638-451: The government, alleging violations of the peace agreement; this raised concerns about the future of the agreement. In 2012, as a consequence of South Sudanese independence , SPLM became the new country's governing political party and the SPLA the country's army. The Sudan branch separated from the movement and formed SPLM-N to carry out anti-government activities in Sudan. As a result of

667-858: The government. SPLA-Nasir renamed itself SPLA-United and then transformed itself, with substantial personnel changes, into the South Sudan Independence Movement /Army. Several smaller factions signed the Khartoum Peace Agreement with the government in April 1997 and formed the United Democratic Salvation Front (UDSF). In July 1992, a government offensive seized southern Sudan, and captured the SPLA headquarters in Torit . The Sudanese government accused Uganda and Eritrea of supporting

696-614: The independence of South Sudan in July 2011 when Southern Sudan voted for separation from the North during the referendum. Bor is also the seat of Bor Diocese in the Episcopal Church of Sudan . Bor is also served by Bor Airport , in addition to river traffic on the White Nile and three major roads that lead out of town. ARC collaborated with the government to build a multi-million dollar highway from Juba to Bor, Making Bor

725-717: The party manifesto states support for a regulated market economy with similar elements to social democracy . The SPLM as a rebel movement was formed on 16 May 1983, after the Government of Sudan's abandonment of the Addis Ababa Agreement signed between the government of Gaafar Nimeiry and the Anyanya leader Joseph Lagu , who had first introduced the southern Sudanese to the effective political, economic, social, educational, and religious situations they would face after Sudan's independence. The movement published

754-540: The road. On reaching Loruth Lincoln urged the people " Kitingatek logoo"(let's force it guys). And immediately nicknamed Loruth with a new name called "Natinga". This was how the name originated. Later it became a place that was used to accommodate the Internally Displaced people (IDPS) during Sudan civil war and a school that was established in 1993 in South Sudan for boys forced from their homes by

783-676: The school in Natinga in August 1994. By March 1995 only 600 boys were left. By June the number of unaccompanied boys had risen again to 1,700. In 2000 the Sudanese NGO JARRAD was given help by USAID in an effort to airlift an estimated 4,000 Internally Displaced People (IDPs) from the camps of Natinga, Narus and Himan (New Cush) , returning them to their home areas in Bor County. There were delays getting started, and many of

812-462: The water and oil resources located in southern and western Sudan. In 1991, the SPLA-Nasir faction led by Dr Riek Machar and Dr Lam Akol attempted to overthrow chairman Garang. The attempt failed but led to widespread fighting in the south and the formation of other rebel groups, such as Kerubino Kuanyin Bol 's SPLA Bahr-al-Ghazal faction. These internal divisions hampered negotiations with

841-403: Was the fastest growing city in the country. Kenyan Commercial Bank (KCB) still maintains its branch. Bor city has one the best primary and secondary schools in the country. Both in primary and secondary national examinations, students and schools from Bor rank among the highest nationally. The John Garang Memorial University of Science and Technology, one of the leading public universities in

#751248