31-618: Moral and national education ( MNE ), initially known as Moral and civic education ( MCE ), was a school curriculum proposed by the Education Bureau of Hong Kong in 2012. The subject was controversial for its stance on the Chinese Communist Party and criticism of the United States' two-party system . Moral and civic education was one of the four key tasks in the 2001 curriculum reform undertaken by
62-445: A candidate between the pro-democratic Civic Party and the localist camp Hong Kong Indigenous 's Edward Leung Tin-kei in the election. In March, an online news outlet IBHK reported that the group, would be disbanded. Scholarism's Facebook page said on 16 March that it was at present working on its future direction and would announce if it reached any decisions. Scholarism officially ceased functioning on 20 March 2016. The group had
93-497: A compulsory subject at senior secondary level. Education Bureau of Hong Kong Too Many Requests If you report this error to the Wikimedia System Administrators, please include the details below. Request from 172.68.168.226 via cp1108 cp1108, Varnish XID 220213157 Upstream caches: cp1108 int Error: 429, Too Many Requests at Thu, 28 Nov 2024 07:52:44 GMT Scholarism Scholarism
124-536: A compulsory subject in schools. Scholarism ceased functioning in March 2016. Core members including Joshua Wong , Oscar Lai and Agnes Chow formed a new political party Demosisto in April. Originally formed as "Scholarism – The Alliance Against Moral & National Education ", Scholarism was the first student pressure group that protested against the "Moral and National Education" school curriculum put forward by
155-593: A core member of Scholarism, revealed that he, Joshua Wong and Agnes Chow Ting planned to form a political party and field at least two candidates to run in the Legislative Council elections in September. Lai subsequently quit Scholarism to support Civic Party 's Alvin Yeung Ngok-kiu in the Legislative Council by-election for New Territories East , as Scholarism refused to officially endorse
186-567: A four-month consultation in 2011. Following the opposition from the public, the government postponed the commencement of the subject indefinitely. According to the revised Moral and National Education Curriculum Guide (Primary 1 to Secondary 6) (MNE Guide) published in June 2012, the subject has the following aims: Education Bureau (EB) claims that Moral, Civic and National Education is "an essential element of whole-person education which aims at fostering students' positive values and attitudes through
217-537: A march. According to the organisers, over 90000 protestors, including parents and their children, joined in this march. Scholarism began their occupation of the Hong Kong government headquarters on 30 August 2012. Fifty members occupied the public park beneath the government offices, of which three began a hunger strike . The goal of the protest was, expressly, to compel the government to pull back its plans of Moral and National Education. The initial planned length of
248-573: Is unnecessary, as the original civic education curriculum had already contained "national education". Its vice president Cheung Man-kwong claims that introduction of MNE is a political action ordered by the central government of the People's Republic of China. The "China Model National Conditions Teaching Manual", published by the National Education Services Centre under government funding, was found to be biased towards
279-500: The Chinese Communist Party and the " China model ". The teaching manual called the Communist Party an "advanced, selfless and united ruling group" ( 進步、無私與團結的執政集團 ), while denouncing Democratic and Republican Parties of the United States as a "fierce inter-party rivalry [that] makes the people suffer" ( 政黨惡鬥，人民當災 ). "Scholarism – The Alliance Against Moral & National Education" (later renamed " Scholarism ", 學民思潮 )
310-467: The Hong Kong government headquarters to force the government to retract its plans to introduce "Moral and National Education" as a compulsory subject. Fifty members occupied the public park beneath the government offices, and three of the protesters began a hunger strike . The protest lasted until September 2012. After rising to prominence during the movement against the "Moral and National Education"
341-579: The assembly unlawful , police blockaded Exit A of Admiralty MTR station and bridges outside the Central Office Complex until the size of the crowd caused the police to lift the blockade. At 1:30 am, 28 September, Benny Tai , co-initiator of the Occupy Central with Love and Peace movement, declared the official launch of the "Occupy Central" campaign. In the afternoon, as more and more people flooded to Admiralty in support of
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#1732780364483372-528: The "Umbrella Revolution". Founded by a number of secondary school students on 29 May 2011, the group first came to media attention when they organised a protest against the Pro-Communist " moral and national education " put forward by the Hong Kong government in 2012. At the height of the event, 120,000 students and members of the public attended the demonstration and forced the government to retract its plans to introduce "moral and national education" as
403-579: The Central Police station. Many people on site were sent to the hospital because of injuries or feeling unwell. The police and protesters fell into stalemate later on. The raid on the Civic Square triggered the massive occupy protest in the following days, as more protesters were called in support of the students being carried away from the Civic Square. At the night of 27 September, HKFS and Scholarism organised another assembly. Having declared
434-577: The Education and Manpower Bureau (superseded by the Education Bureau in 2007), and its framework was revised by the Education Bureau in 2008. On 13 October 2010, Chief Executive Donald Tsang stated in the " Policy Address 2010–2011 " that moral and national education would replace MCE to "strengthen national education". The government planned to introduce the new subject in primary schools in 2012 and secondary schools in 2013, and carried out
465-558: The Hong Kong Government in 2012. The controversial subject ignored the 1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre and tried to present the Chinese Communist Party in favourable light. The group was one of the few organisations that took part in the protest outside the Hong Kong Liaison Office after the 1 July March 2012 . In August 2012, members of Scholarism launched an occupation protest at
496-463: The current secretary for education, Kevin Yeung Yun-hung, said recently that national education had not been scrapped completely. Teaching on the topic was continuing in the form of different subjects and activities in schools. For example, the inclusion of a new requirement for all schools to provide 39 hours of Basic Law education at the junior secondary level, or plans to make Chinese history
527-463: The end, Joshua Wong, all of a sudden, called for the crowd to "retake" the Civic Square, around which fences were built two months earlier. Led by members of HKFS, hundred of protesters climbed across fences and tore down the barriers around the flag stage. The police surrounded hundreds of protesters, and then further mobilised towards the Civic Square and clashed with the protesters. The police pepper-sprayed them and displayed their batons. In chaos, it
558-543: The entire North Admiralty area; police said there were 36,000 attendees at 9.30 pm. In mid-September 2012, Anonymous hackers threatened the Hong Kong government organisation National Education Services Centre. In their online video, Anonymous members claimed responsibility for leaking classified government documents and taking down the National Education Centre website after the Hong Kong government repeatedly ignored months of wide-scale protests against
589-565: The establishment of the subject. On September 8, Chief Executive Leung Chun-ying announced that he would temporary withdraw introducing the national education course, until the revising of the Moral, Civil and National education guidelines which has caused many concerns to many Hongkongers, has been addressed. Resistance to the MNE was documented in the 2014 film, Lessons in Dissent . As of 2017,
620-561: The initial three-day duration, and on 3 September 2012 the Civil Alliance Against National Education announced that they would continue their occupation of the government headquarters area indefinitely. On 7 September, up to 120,000 attendees, including retired legislator Martin Lee , Cardinal Joseph Zen and businessman Jimmy Lai , attended the demonstration outside the government headquarters, filling
651-510: The number one priority during the coming campaign for the 2017 Chief Executive election. The charter was signed by People Power , League of Social Democrats , Neo Democrats , and Neighbourhood and Worker's Service Centre . The Civic Party signed on with reservations, and the Democratic Party , Labour Party and Association for Democracy and People's Livelihood refused to sign it as they disagreed that public nomination should be
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#1732780364483682-427: The occupation was three days. On 1 September, an open concert was held as part of the protest, with an attendance of 40,000; guest performers at the protest include RubberBand , C AllStar , Wong Ka Keung , Anthony Wong and others. During the event the three hunger-strikers ended their hunger strike, and were succeeded by a team of ten other hunger-strikers. The occupation of the government headquarters area exceeded
713-608: The only way to put forward candidates. In September 2014, Scholarism launched a class boycott with the Hong Kong Federation of Students (HKFS), protesting against the National People's Congress Standing Committee 's (NPCSC) decision on the restricting nomination procedure of the election of the Chief Executive of Hong Kong . On 26 September, the class boycott was held on Tim Mei Avenue and
744-432: The pro-democracy students remained active in the social and democracy movement in Hong Kong. On 23 June 2013, Scholarism issued a statement which stressed the necessity of civil nomination for the 2017 Chief Executive election . By late August, Scholarism drew up a charter and began lobbying democratic Legislative Councillors to sign it, which would commit their parties to make civil nomination through universal suffrage
775-829: The school curriculum and the provision of diversified learning experiences". It also claims to "enhance" students' commitments and contributions to analyse and judge personal, family, social, national and global issues. Since 2001, Moral and Civic Education has been accorded as one of the four Key Tasks under the Curriculum Reform to cultivate students' positive values and attitudes (Priority values include "Perseverance", "Respect for Others", "Responsibility", "National Identity" and "Commitment"). It has been suggested "life event" exemplars being used as learning contexts to enable students to realise positive values. The Hong Kong Professional Teachers' Union (PTU), an organisation formed by different levels of teachers, believes that MNE
806-549: The square outside the Legislative Council Complex , as an organisation applied to hold a celebration event of 65th anniversary of the People's Republic China at the Tamar Park . It was also the day on which Scholarism hosted the class boycott movement for secondary school students. Joshua Wong , leading activist of Scholarism, pronounced the boycott statement. At 10:30 p.m. when the assembly came to
837-435: The students, the police completely blockaded the access to the government headquarters. Later, the protesters began to occupy Harcourt Road which police responded by using tear gas , triggering widespread occupations at Admiralty, Mong Kok and Causeway Bay . Although the protests were fruitless in the end, Scholarism remained its leading role in the following 79-day occupy movement. In February 2016, Oscar Lai Man-lok,
868-461: Was a Hong Kong pro-democracy student activist group active in the fields of Hong Kong's education policy, political reform and youth policy. It was reported to have 200 members in May 2015. The group was known for its stance on defending the autonomy of Hong Kong's education policy from Beijing's influence. It was also the leading organisation during the 2014 Hong Kong protests , better known as
899-634: Was formed in July 2012. The group issued a petition opposing to MNE, initiated by Cardinal Joseph Zen , Ching Cheong , Allen Lee and 27 other public figures, and co-signed by more than 1000 parents. In July 2012, the "Civil Alliance Against the National Education" ( 民間反對國民教育科大聯盟 ) was formed by 15 organisations, including Scholarism, Parents' Concern Group, PTU, Hong Kong Federation of Students , Alliance Youth , Civil Human Rights Front and others. On 29 July 2012, 30 organisations protested in
930-641: Was founded by a group of secondary school students on 29 May 2011, with no political affiliations. Scholarism is the first pressure group formed and has become the leading organisation against MNE. The group is known for being one of the few organisations that protested outside the Central Government Liaison Office after the 1 July March 2012 . Another prominent pressure group, the National Education Parents' Concern Group (Parents' Concern Group, 國民教育家長關注組 )
961-431: Was reported a protester was having a heart attack. The police force originally refused to let the medics enter, and later permitted under the protesters pressure. At 10:52 p.m. police handcuffed and arrested Joshua Wong for forcible entry to government premises, disorderly conduct in public place and unlawful assembly. As visible wounds were found, he was sent to Ruttonjee Hospital for medical inspections before sent to