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41-630: The National Intercollegiate Band ( NIB ) is a concert band , sponsored by honorary band fraternity and sorority Kappa Kappa Psi and Tau Beta Sigma , that performs every two years at the national convention of the two organizations. Organized in 1947, the NIB is the oldest national intercollegiate band in the United States, and is open to all collegiate band members regardless of membership in Kappa Kappa Psi or Tau Beta Sigma. Since 1953,

82-433: A ceremonial role, entertaining troops and playing for the community. As its role shifted so too did its instrumentation. A wider range of instruments was employed to play transcriptions of orchestral works, the bulk of the early wind band repertoire. These military bands evolved into the modern drum and bugle corps and helped to spread the idea of a concert band. A modern military will often have multiple types of bands (e.g.

123-525: A large wind ensemble. It wasn't until the early 20th century that composers began writing works for concert band. Concert band composers of this time were frustrated at the lack of quality music for bands, and as such, began writing and performing pieces to remedy this. One of the first and most important original works for concert band, First Suite for Band by Gustav Holst , was written in 1909. Other composers of this time period include Ralph Vaughan Williams , Richard Wagner , and Aaron Copland . Before

164-516: Is a concert band or brass band ensemble composed of volunteer (non-paid) amateur musicians in a particular geographic area. It may be sponsored by the local (municipal) government or self-supporting. These groups rehearse regularly and perform at least once a year. Some bands are also marching bands , participating in parades and other outdoor events. Although they are volunteer musical organizations, community bands may employ an artistic director ( conductor ) or various operational staff. The rise of

205-523: Is a major difference between the orchestra (which usually lacks a large battery of percussion) and the concert band. While in older transcriptions and concert works, the timpani were treated as their own section as in an orchestra, today in bands the timpani are considered a part of the percussion section. Consequently, the timpani player often will double on other percussion instruments. Contemporary compositions often call on players to use unusual instruments or effects. For example, several pieces call on

246-599: Is both to limit the difficulty for inexperienced players and because schools frequently do not have access to the less common instruments. The standard concert band will have several players on each part depending on available personnel and the preference of the conductor. A concert band can theoretically have as many as 200 members from a set of only 35 parts. The wind ensemble, on the other hand, will have very little doubling, if any; commonly, clarinets or flutes may be doubled, especially to handle any divisi passages , and others will have one player per part, as dictated by

287-617: The Prince's Palace of Monaco . Despite being billed as the "first biennial" intercollegiate marching band, the program was dissolved by the joint national councils after the inaugural trip due to its high cost and low attendance, which was believed to be caused by a fear of traveling abroad after the September 11 attacks. In 1953, Kappa Kappa Psi Grand President Hugh McMillen began the Commissioning Program to add new music to

328-656: The Tokyo Kosei Wind Orchestra and Osaka Municipal Symphonic Band , as well as the Kappa Kappa Psi and Tau Beta Sigma Commissioning Program , the longest-running commissioning series for wind band in the United States. Some of the most important people in establishing literature written specifically for concert band in the early and middle 20th century were: Over the last fifty years, many composers have written major works for wind ensemble. Some rose to prominence for helping to develop

369-557: The United States Marine Corps has both a drum and bugle corps and wind ensemble ). Professional concert bands not associated with the military appear across the globe, particularly in developed countries. However, most do not offer full-time positions. The competition to make it into one of these concert bands is incredibly high and the ratio of performers to entrants is narrowly small. Examples of professional non-military concert bands include: A community band

410-685: The University of Utah participating. In 1934, the University of Utah left the intercollegiate band and the University of Wyoming (Alpha Nu) took its place. The concerts held by this Rocky Mountain Intercollegiate Band were sponsored by the local chapters of Kappa Kappa Psi and many members of the fraternity participated in the ensemble. The first concert of the Rocky Mountain Intercollegiate Band

451-408: The silver jubilee of the fraternity. However, due to World War II, the 1943 and 1945 national conventions were not held, and so the next biennial convention was held in 1947. The first National Intercollegiate Band gave a concert on the evening of Friday, March 7, 1947. All delegates, officers, and visitors to the convention performed in the ensemble, which was augmented by Kappa Kappa Psi members from

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492-561: The 1940s. In the meantime, the first Kappa Kappa Psi-sponsored intercollegiate band was established by F. Lee Bowling in 1933, with musicians from the University of Colorado (home of the Alpha Iota chapter of Kappa Kappa Psi), the University of Denver (Alpha Lambda), Colorado State College of Agricultural and Mechanical Arts (Kappa), Colorado State College of Education (Alpha Theta), the Colorado School of Mines (Xi), and

533-473: The 1950s, wind ensembles included various combinations of instruments. The modern "standard" instrumentation of the wind ensemble was more or less established by Frederick Fennell at Eastman School of Music as the Eastman Wind Ensemble in 1952 after the model of the orchestra : a pool of players from which a composer can select in order to create different sonorities. According to Fennell,

574-554: The 19th century, large ensembles of wind and percussion instruments in the British and American traditions existed mainly in the form of the military band for ceremonial and festive occasions, and the works performed consisted mostly of marches . The only time wind bands were used in a concert setting comparable to that of a symphony orchestra was when transcriptions of orchestral or operatic pieces were arranged and performed, as there were comparatively few original concert works for

615-400: The 20th century, there was little music written specifically for the wind band, which led to an extensive repertoire of pieces transcribed from orchestral works, or arranged from other sources. However, as the wind band moved out of the sole domain of the military marching ensemble and into the concert hall, it has gained favor with composers, and now many works are being written specifically for

656-463: The Board of Trustees, conducted his march, Kappa Kappa Psi , and F. Lee Bowling conducted J. DeForest Cline's Kappa Kappa Psi march. The 1947 NIB was recognized as the first-ever intercollegiate band assembled with a national scope in the United States. Since 1947, the fraternity has presented the F. Lee Bowling Participation Award to the college or university who has had the most students participate in

697-497: The National Intercollegiate Band has been the resident ensemble of Kappa Kappa Psi and Tau Beta Sigma's Commissioning Program, which has added thirty new works to the band repertoire since its inception and is the longest-running commissioning program for wind band music in the United States. The National Intercollegiate Band has performed under the baton of some of the most renowned wind band conductors in

738-801: The National Intercollegiate Band, regardless of membership in Kappa Kappa Psi or Tau Beta Sigma. In the case of a tie, multiple awards are presented. The 1957 National Intercollegiate Band performed in the Salt Lake Tabernacle in Salt Lake City on August 24, 1957, under the direction of Lieutenant Colonel William F. Santelmann, retired director of the United States Marine Band . The band comprised 112 musicians from Utah, Florida, Maryland, Colorado, Ohio, Texas, Indiana, and New Mexico, and premiered Robert Russell Bennett's new work Symphonic Songs for Band . In 1969,

779-464: The Oklahoma A&;M Symphonic Band so the band had a balanced instrumentation. Grand First Vice-President William A. Scroggs , founder of the fraternity, conducted the band in their first piece, Semper Fidelis . Max A. Mitchell, Grand Second Vice-President, conducted Leonard Smith's Spanish Caprice , a piece for band and solo cornet. Bohumil Makovsky , Past Grand President and Chairman of

820-531: The band repertoire, beginning with a $ 500 commission of Don Gillis , who provided Ballet for Band for the NIB. The Commissioning Program is now the longest-running commissioning program for wind band music in American history, and has produced works that have secured a place in the emerging band canon and have garnered critical acclaim, such as Robert Russell Bennett's Symphonic Songs for Band and Karel Husa's Concerto for Trumpet and Wind Orchestra. In

861-413: The common level would be open to anyone. For example, in many U.S. high schools, "Concert Band" refers to the introductory level band, "Symphonic Band" is the title for the intermediate level band, and "Wind Ensemble" is the title for the advanced level band. Instrumentation for the wind band is not completely standardized; composers will frequently add or omit parts. Instruments and parts in parentheses in

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902-778: The community band as graduates sought to play in a band together again. Notable community bands include: U.S.A. United Kingdom Canada Australia Norway Portugal Finland A school band is a group of student musicians who rehearse and perform instrumental music together. A school band is usually under the direction of one or more conductors (band directors). A school band consists of woodwind instruments , brass instruments and percussion instruments, although upper level bands may also have string basses or bass guitar . In many traditional U.S. high schools, there are multiple band levels, distinguished by skill level or other factors. In such schools, an audition may be required to advance to further band levels, while

943-518: The community band can partially be attributed to industrialization. As the instruments became easier to manufacture, their availability greatly increased. This meant that many amateurs could now form a town band, their arrangements typically consisting of patriotic tunes, marches, and popular music. The American Civil War marked a turning point in the American community band where many military musicians, either stemming from amateur or professional backgrounds, sought to create their own community band after

984-590: The concert band and the wind ensemble. While today there are composers who write exclusively for band, it is worth noting that many composers famous for their work in other genres have given their talents to composition for wind bands as well. This is especially true in Japan, where an enormous market can be found for wind band compositions, which is largely due to commissions by the All-Japan Band Association and leading professional ensembles such as

1025-547: The concert band does have similar instrumentation to the marching band , a marching band's main purpose is to perform while marching. In contrast, a concert band usually performs as a stationary ensemble , though European ensembles often do both. The origins of concert band can be traced back to the French Revolution, in which large bands would often gather for patriotic festivals and celebrations. These bands would play popular music that would immediately captivate

1066-1324: The concert band. Research on wind-band topics began in earnest in 1964 through the Journal of Band Research , affiliated with the American Bandmasters Association . During the early 21st century, organizations that promote band research began publishing more research on wind band-related topics: Germany-based IGEB (founded 1974), the World Association of Symphonic Bands and Ensembles (WASBE, founded 1983), and US-based organizations Historic Brass Society (founded 1988), National Band Association (NBA, founded 1960), and College Band Directors National Association (CBDNA, founded 1941). Internationally notable wind-band researchers include Vincent Dubois on French bands, Paul Niemisto on Finnish bands, Frederick Harris on wind-band conductors, Jill M. Sullivan on US women's bands, Frank Battisti on US bands, David Hebert on Japanese and Polynesian bands, Patrick M. Jones on US military bands, and David Whitwell on European bands and repertoire. Some notable band associations include: Salt Lake Tabernacle Too Many Requests If you report this error to

1107-508: The fiftieth anniversary of Kappa Kappa Psi, there were enough performers to create two bands. The National Intercollegiate Symphonic Band, the top ensemble, was conducted by Norman Dello Joio and premiered his new work, Songs of Abelard . The Symphonic Band also performed several other Dello Joio works, including Scenes from the Louvre , Variants on a Mediaeval Tune , and Fantasies on a Theme by Haydn . The National Intercollegiate Concert Band

1148-505: The history of the ensemble, including William Revelli , Frederick Fennell , James Croft, and others, several of whom have been honored as inductees into the National Band Association Hall of Fame of Distinguished Band Conductors. In 1922, Kappa Kappa Psi announced its plan to hold the first national intercollegiate band contest in American history. A brief dispatch in the 1922 Baton explained, "Sometime within

1189-543: The late 1960s and early 1970s, the National Intercollegiate Band featured professional guest artists as soloists with the band. Two of these, T. N. Retif and Raymond Crisara, were featured soloists in that year's commissioned piece: Retif on Dello Joio's Songs of Abelard and Crisara on Karel Husa's Concerto for Trumpet and Wind Orchestra. Concert band Concert band music generally includes original wind compositions, concert marches , transcriptions of orchestral arrangements, light music , and popular music . Though

1230-423: The list below are less common but still often used; due to the fact that some bands are missing these instruments, important lines for these instruments are often cued into other parts. Instrumentation differs depending on the type of ensemble. Middle school and high school bands frequently have more limited instrumentation and fewer parts (for example, no double reeds , or only two horn parts instead of four). This

1271-568: The next two years the Kappa Kappa Psi Fraternity will hold a National Intercollegiate Band Contest. This enterprise will be the first of its kind ever attempted. As Music (sic) is becoming the foremost Art in America, our Fraternity aims to assist in so spreading the good work." This early announcement did not culminate in a contest, and the idea of a national intercollegiate band was not revisited again by Kappa Kappa Psi until

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1312-409: The older oboes and became more widely used in the 18th century. More heavy and bulky instruments were replaced by trombones and cornets . In the 19th century, band instruments became highly developed as they started to add keys and valves that made certain ranges and notes on instruments easier to navigate and perform, which became a huge game changer for all musicians. Until early in

1353-419: The oldest variety of military marching band in the world, dating from the 13th century. Military bands were originally used to control troops on the battlefield,By using instruments such as drums , bugles , and fifes among others. As communication systems during war became more advanced, the use of instruments on the battlefield as signaling devices fell out of use. From then on, military bands would fulfill

1394-798: The public's attention. Throughout the French Revolution, however, serious composers were often not interested in composing music for bands; this was due in large part to the instrumentation. Concert bands were (and still are) not standardized in their required type and number of instruments, making it nearly impossible to write the correct number of parts for the correct types of instruments. The quality of instruments also impacted composers' unwillingness to compose music for concert band. Wind instruments at that time were often difficult to play in tune and had difficulty in switching pitch and rhythm fast enough. This in turn influenced bands to stick with pieces that were transposed from orchestral movements and arrangements, something that has carried into modern day. During

1435-536: The requirements of a specific composition. It is also common to see two tubas and two euphoniums or baritones playing the same part in a wind ensemble. While largely made up of wind and percussion instruments, string instruments such as the string bass and concert harp are often scored for. The use of a harp dates back to its inclusion in the professional and military bands of John Philip Sousa and Edwin Franko Goldman . Such bands would often contain

1476-706: The top harpists of the country, such as Winifred Bambrick , who was one of the first female instrumentalists to tour with the Sousa Band, and Victor Salvi , who played with the United States Navy Band . Notably, the United States Air Force Band scores for cellos , a practice unique to the ensemble that dates back to the tenure of director George S. Howard . Complicated percussion parts are common in concert band pieces, often requiring many percussionists. Many believe this

1517-500: The use of a siren while others will ask players to play recorders , whirly tubes , or to sing , hum , snap , clap or even crinkle sheets of paper . The wind band's diverse instrumentation and large number of players makes it a very flexible ensemble, capable of producing a variety of sonic effects. Instrumentation has developed throughout time to become more efficient for the conditions that marching bands need to play in. For example, clarinets were found to be more suitable than

1558-498: The war's conclusion. The large number of bands created during this era led to a "Golden Age of Bands", spearheaded by conductors such as John Philip Sousa and Patrick Gilmore . The new forms of twentieth-century entertainment, namely the radio and phonograph , led to decline in community bands. This led to instrument manufacturers, who previously had marketed to the community bands, to focus on schools. The expansion of school music programs would eventually help restore interest in

1599-422: The wind ensemble was not revolutionary, but developed naturally out of the music. A military band is a group of personnel that performs musical duties for military functions, usually for the armed forces . A typical military band consists mostly of wind and percussion instruments. The conductor of a band commonly bears the title of Bandmaster or Director of Music . Ottoman military bands are thought to be

1640-778: Was conducted by Past Grand President Jay L. Slaughter, and performed Makovsky's Kappa Kappa Psi march and several other works. In June and July 2002, Kappa Kappa Psi and Tau Beta Sigma sponsored the first National Intercollegiate Marching Band, which traveled to the French Riviera , including the cities of Nice , Grasse , Aix-en-Provence , Cannes , Antibes , and the Principality of Monaco . The thirty-five member band, directed by Past National President Dr. Michael Golemo, performed at Le Suquet in Cannes, in Nice, and in front of

1681-624: Was held in February 1933, and the band gave annual concerts during Denver Music Week. Bowling left the band's managership in 1937. Bowling was elected Grand President of Kappa Kappa Psi in 1941 and presented a plan to hold a national intercollegiate band concert, modeled after the Rocky Mountain intercollegiate bands. The delegation endorsed the plan, which was to be executed at the next biennial national convention in Stillwater in 1943,

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