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95-645: It was founded by the modernist strand of Muslim society in Indonesia , including Amien Rais , the chairman of the Muhammadiyah organization, during the Indonesian Revolution . The party contested the 2009 elections under the chairmanship of Sutrisno Bachir. It is described as a nationalist Muslim party. It also upholds the Pancasila doctrine. In 2014, the party obtained 7.59 percent of

190-600: A central axis of Islamic political parties in the People's Consultative Assembly which helped ensure that Abdurrahman Wahid defeated Megawati Sukarnoputri when that chamber elected the president. However, PAN's support for Abdurrahman Wahid did not last long. Less than a year after officially confirming its support for him at its first congress in Yogyakarta in February 2000, the party withdrew this support, saying it

285-450: A Prabowo Subiantoro challenge is questionable, as – if he withdrew – he is no longer considered a presidential candidate. If he can make the challenge, according to The Jakarta Post , the gap between the two is sufficient to make such a challenge difficult. Under the presidential election law, Prabowo could face up to six years in prison and a 100 billion rupiah ($ 10 million) fine for withdrawing. Later that evening, Joko Widodo

380-406: A broken leg during the melee. Reports said thugs had been deployed at the congress to support Mulfachri Harahap's candidacy for the party leadership. PAN leader Zulkifli was re-elected at the congress, receiving 331 votes, while Mulfachri received 225 votes. In the 1999 elections , PAN won 7.4 percent of the vote and 34 seats in the legislature . The party then played a key role in putting together

475-485: A coup conspiracy that saw Prabowo, then the commander of the Army Strategic Reserves, given his marching orders. As a 2014 presidential candidate , Prabowo's past came under renewed scrutiny, with many organizations calling for him to step down. On 19 April, he was criticized by a poet made by Fahmi Habcyi which linked him to the disappearance of Widji Thukul and urged him to return Thukul as his wife

570-679: A few others established the Gerindra Party . Prabowo served as Chairman of the Board of Trustees of the Central Leadership Council (DPP). He was later appointed general chairman of the party after the death of the party's previous chairman Suhardi in 2014. In May 2009, Gerindra nominated Prabowo Subianto for the presidency in the 2009 elections . However, having won 26 out of 560 seats in the Indonesian parliament,

665-575: A hoax. On 10 August 2018, Prabowo Subianto registered at the KPU office for the 2019 presidential election with Sandiaga Uno as his running mate and with the support of Gerindra, PKS, PAN, the Democratic Party and Berkarya Party . The Democratic Party had wanted Prabowo Subianto to choose Agus Harimurti Yudhoyono as his running mate. Following the election, 'quick counts' conducted at polling stations by independent institutions authorised by

760-551: A huge role in importing these doctrines to Indonesia. During the New Order era, HMI built strong relations with the ruling Golkar Party, inducing the changes of Suharto's policy toward Muslims. During the 1980s and 1990s, the progressive branch of neo-modernism had gained a strong presence thanks to Nurcholish Madjid and his Paramadina University. Madjid and other modernists were active in the political organization Indonesian Association of Muslim Intellectuals (ICMI). ICMI became

855-411: A joint Jokowi-Prabowo ticket for the 2019 election. Luhut reportedly lost his enthusiasm after Prabowo allegedly said he would want to be in charge of the military and seven seats in any new cabinet. Fadli Zon denied Luhut and Prabowo had discussed politics, claiming they merely spoke about Europe's move to limit imports of Indonesian palm oil . Gerindra official Andre Rosiade also dismissed the report as

950-557: A lieutenant colonel, Prabowo Subianto invited Abdurrahman Wahid to his battalion headquarters in 1992 and warned him to stick to religion and to stay out of politics, or face unspecified actions if he continued to oppose the president. He later warned the intellectual Nurcholish Madjid (Cak Nur) to resign from the KIPP, the election monitoring unit set up by Goenawan Mohamad, which armed forces commander Feisal Tanjung had denounced as "obviously unconstitutional." In 2004, Prabowo Subianto

1045-404: A modern market was established, the capital owners of the market traders had to be willing to be disbanded due to demolition," said Prabowo. Pencak silat is one of Indonesia's traditional martial arts. The Indonesian Pencak Silat Association (IPSI) oversees the regulation of the sport in Indonesia, develops athletes, and organises tournaments. Prabowo was elected as president of IPSI in 2004 and

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1140-615: A modernist organization PERSIS , established in 1923. Other modernist organizations including Al-Irshad Al-Islamiya in Jakarta (1914) and Sumatera Thawalib in West Sumatra (1915). Modernists were also active on the political arena, establishing Union of Indonesian Muslims (PERMI) in 1930, Masyumi Party in 1943, and Muslim Students' Association (HMI) in 1947. The leader of the Masyumi Party, Mohammad Natsir , became

1235-794: A non-combat role at the Armed Forces Command and General Staff College in Bandung . Following an ABRI investigation, in August 1998, the Dewan Kehormatan Perwira (Officers Council of Honor) found Prabowo guilty of "misinterpreting orders" in the kidnapping of nine anti-Suharto activists in 1998. Prabowo Subianto acknowledged responsibility for the kidnapping of the nine activists, and was discharged honorably from military service in November. He and Wiranto denied that

1330-466: A presidential candidate or a "king-maker" giving his support to another candidate. Prabowo's brother Hashim in March 2018 said health and logistical factors had to be considered before the party announces a presidential candidate. In April 2018, John McBeth reported Maritime Coordinating Minister Luhut Binsar Pandjaitan had held a series of meetings with Prabowo Subianto, culminating in the proposal of

1425-576: A son, Didit Hediprasetyo , who lived in Boston before settling in Paris to pursue a career in fashion design. While his son has shown little interest in politics, Prabowo Subianto is uncle to Gerindra politicians Thomas Djiwandono , Budi Djiwandono , Aryo Djojohadikusumo and Rahayu Djojohadikusumo , who will together continue the Djojohadikusumo political lineage. Prabowo Subianto enrolled in

1520-513: A wise national budget. He promised to use military-style efficiency to push through chronically delayed infrastructure projects, as well as to create jobs in the archipelago's backwaters by improving agricultural productivity. Another pillar to Prabowo's platform was that he was solidly secular, and his party planned to protect the rights of minority religious groups in the Muslim-majority country. According to numerous quick counts after

1615-414: Is a worker from East Nusa Tenggara who was sent illegally. Wilfrida was sentenced to death for killing her employer, Yeap Seok Pen, on 7 December 2010. Using his connections to President Suharto, Prabowo Subianto and his brother worked to silence journalistic and political critics in the 1990s. Hashim unsuccessfully pressured Goenawan Mohamad to sell his outspoken and banned Tempo magazine to him. As

1710-577: Is also often discussed in terms of its internal conflict between the tendency inspired by the Enlightenment philosophy , science and rationality , championed by Muhammad Abduh , and the one oriented toward scriptural literalism and unified regulation of formal ritual behavior promoted by Rashid Rida . The latter is considered closer to Salafism . According to Robin Bush of RTI International , modernism initially encouraged ijtihad in order to widen

1805-699: Is also the President of the International Pencak Silat Federation (IPSF). The Indonesian Advocacy Service for Justice and Peace (Padma) in the East Nusa Tenggara region assessed that Prabowo played a major role in the release of Wilfrida Soik from the death penalty at the Kota Bahru Court, Kelantan , Malaysia. Prabowo appointed Malaysian lawyer Tan Sri Mohammad Syafei to defend Wilfrida Soik. Wilfrida

1900-625: Is also the first president to not have a first spouse , as well as president with the least number of children (one). Prabowo Subianto graduated from the Indonesian Military Academy (Akademi Militer Nasional) in 1970 and primarily served in the Special Forces ( Kopassus ) until he was appointed to lead the Strategic Reserve Command ( Kostrad ) in 1998. In that same year, he was discharged from

1995-420: Is an Indonesian politician, businessman, and retired army general serving as the eighth president of Indonesia since 20 October 2024. He was previously the 26th minister of defense under president Joko Widodo from 2019 to 2024. Prabowo is Indonesia's third president to have a military background after Suharto and Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono (SBY). He has been described as a right-wing nationalist . He

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2090-672: Is considered referring to modernist Islam. Greg Barton of Monash University states that since the 1950s and 1960s, Indonesian society could be reasonably described based on the traditionalist-modernist dualism. Modernism/Reformism in the Indonesian context is defined by its pure adherence toward the Qur'an and Hadith , promotion of ijtihad (individual reasoning), rejection of madh'hab (Islamic schools of jurisprudence) and as well as criticism against taqlid (imitation of judicial precedence) to religious scholars, Sufism , and vernacular traditions based on syncretism with local practices. It

2185-877: Is devastated hoping for her husband to return. A coalition, which consisted of Imparsial, Kontras, the Setara Institute, and the Human Rights Working Group (HRWG), combined under the Civil Society Coalition Against Forgetting, visited the National Commission on Human Rights (Komnas HAM) in Jakarta on 7 May 2014 to urge the commission to re-investigate Prabowo Subianto. A 27 June 2014 report indicated that an investigative journalist, Allan Nairn , had been threatened with arrest "for revealing

2280-618: Is inspired by reformism during the late-19th to early 20th century based in the Middle East , such as the Islamic modernist , Salafiyya and Wahhabi movements. Throughout the history of contemporary Muslim Indonesia , these movements have inspired various religious organizations; from the mass organization Muhammadiyah (1912), political party Masyumi Party (1943), to missionary organization Indonesian Islamic Dawah Council (1967). The division between "traditionalism" and "modernism"

2375-530: Is part of the Nusantara Energy. It controls an area of 3,400 hectares used for paper mills, employee housing, private schools, and various company facilities. Kiani has been awarded ISO 900–2005 status as one of the highest quality management companies. It is reported that Kiani Kertas has been experiencing financial difficulties, and in early 2014, workers took to the streets to demand their wages which had not been paid in five months. Prabowo Subianto

2470-495: Is widely used by both Indonesians and foreign academics to describe the chasm which has been existed among the contemporary Muslim society in Indonesia. Previously, Muslim society in Java in particular was analyzed through the division of abangan , santri and priyayi popularized by an anthropologist Clifford Geertz based on communal identity. However, this division has already been considered obsolete. Geertz's category of santri

2565-867: The 2014 presidential election . Surveys published by the Center for Policy Studies and Strategic Development (Puskaptis) and by the Indonesian Survey Institute published on 23 February 2012 gave him the lead – but observers and activists cast doubt on the polls. In March 2012, Gerindra named Prabowo Subianto its 2014 presidential candidate. The party's slogan was then changed to Gerindra Menang Prabowo Presiden (Gerindra Wins, Prabowo Becomes President). Prabowo Subianto said he would run an investment-friendly administration if he won and that Indonesia needed more energy exploration. Furthermore, he said he had been in close contact with labour unions and believed rising worker discontent could be managed with

2660-471: The 2024 presidential election . He is running as president, together with Gibran Rakabuming Raka (the eldest son of Joko Widodo , the current President of Indonesia), as his vice-presidential candidate. Both he and Gibran registered at the KPU office on 25 October 2023 with the support of Gerindra, Golkar, PAN, PBB, the Democratic Party, Gelora Party , Indonesian Solidarity Party (PSI) and Garuda Party . Both he and Gibran's candidacies were challenged in

2755-552: The Constitutional Court due to age requirements. In Prabowo's case, a lawsuit was filed against him due to his old age (Prabowo was 71 at the time of announcing his candidacy) and having announced his candidacy for the third time. The Supreme Court ruled to reject the lawsuit. In November 2023, Prabowo Subianto called for "rebalancing" where, in the past decades, Indonesia looked to the West; now they should learn from

2850-562: The Indonesian Military Academy (Akademi Militer Nasional) in Magelang in 1970. He graduated in 1974 with others who would gain senior leadership positions such as Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono . In 1976, Prabowo Subianto served in the Indonesian National Army Special Force Kopassus and was assigned as the commander of Group 1 Komando Pasukan Sandhi Yudha ( Kopassandha ), which was one of

2945-473: The May 1998 riots . In one testimony from Andi Arief, a former detainee told of being tortured for days in an unidentified location, allegedly a military camp where most of their time was spent blindfolded, while being forced to answer repeated questions, mainly concerning their political activities. The abuse included being punched, terrorised physically and mentally, and given electric shocks. Later, in 2009, two of

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3040-401: The 2014 presidential election; the coalition collected 48.9% of votes and 52.1 seats in the parliament. The day before, Prabowo had picked former Coordinating Minister for Economics Hatta Rajasa as his vice-presidential running mate. On 22 July 2014, the day that the KPU was due to announce its official tally, Prabowo Subianto withdrew from the race after having insisted on his victory since

3135-501: The 2019 to 2024 period. On 10 October 2021, Gerindra announced Prabowo as their candidate in the 2024 Indonesian presidential election . On 12 August 2022, Prabowo announced that he accepted Gerindra's nomination. Prabowo declared victory in the election on 14 February, as early unofficial polling showed him with a lead in the first round of voting. On 20 March, the General Election Commission (KPU) certified

3230-754: The 9 April legislative election , Gerinda came in third place, positioning Prabowo Subianto as one of two leading presidential candidates for the election to be held 9 July, the other being Jakarta governor, Joko Widodo . On Tuesday, 20 May 2014, Golkar , along with the United Development Party (PPP), the National Mandate Party (PAN), the Prosperous Justice Party (PKS), and the Crescent Star Party (PBB), officially endorsed Prabowo to run for

3325-691: The Advanced Infantry Officers Course at Fort Benning , in the United States for commando training. In the early 1990s, as the commander of Kopassus Group 3, the now Major General Prabowo attempted to crush the East Timorese independence movement by using irregular troops (hooded "ninja" gangs dressed in black and operating at night) and, in main towns and villages, militias trained and directed by Kopassus commanders. Human rights abuses rose. The Army's 1997 campaign

3420-627: The Indonesian Army's Nanggala commando units in East Timor , the former Portuguese territory that Indonesia had invaded the previous year . Prabowo, then 26 years old, was the youngest Nanggala commander. Prabowo led the mission to capture the vice president of Fretilin , who was the first Prime Minister of East Timor , Nicolau dos Reis Lobato . Guiding Prabowo Subianto was Antonio Lobato – Nicolau's younger brother. On 31 December 1978, Prabowo's company found and fatally shot Nicolau in

3515-477: The Indonesian archipelago. In West Sumatra , a reformist youths who called themselves kaum muda ("young generation") held strong influence. Ahmad founded an Islamic magazine Al-Munir in Padang , inspired by Al-Manar published by Rida. In 1912, Dahlan established a socio-religious organization Muhammadiyah , the first religious mass organization in Indonesia. Hassan and Chalil both became prominent members of

3610-477: The KPU's manual calculation, which were announced on 25 July 2009, were not much different from the results of the quick count . Megawati and Prabowo were absent at the announcement of the official tally even though Law No. 42 of 2008 concerning Presidential and Vice-Presidential Elections mandated each pair of candidates to be present in determining the official results of the presidential election. In November 2011, Prabowo Subianto announced his intention to run in

3705-707: The May riots revealed that violence in Jakarta was the result of an internal struggle within the military elite to become Suharto's successor. Many believed Prabowo Subianto, as Army Strategic Reserve Command (Kostrad) commander, sought to become his father-in-law's successor and coveted the commander of the Armed Forces position held by General Wiranto, who was favoured to succeed Suharto. Together with Operations Commander for Greater Jakarta ( Panglima Komando Operasi Jakarta Raya , Pangkoops Jaya) Major General Sjafrie Sjamsoeddin, Prabowo Subianto aimed to terrorise opponents of

3800-765: The Nusantara Group, a conglomerate owned by Prabowo's family) to operate in the area surveyed by Ridlatama. In 2010, Ridlatama's license was revoked, effectively completing Nusantara's take over of Churchill's operations. Churchill appealed to the Supreme Court of Indonesia but lost the case. In 2012, Churchill filed a case against the government of Indonesia at the International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes , demanding $ 2 billion in compensation. Indonesia argued that ICSID had no authority to arbitrate. In 2014 ICSID ruled that it had

3895-455: The authority and the case is still ongoing. In 2014, the regent of East Kutai, Isran Noor , publicly endorsed Prabowo Subianto as a presidential candidate. He also considered pressing criminal charges against Churchill, alleging that Churchill forged its license. The Indonesian Farmers' Association (HKTI) was established in 1973 to advocate for the farmers' rights. Prabowo Subianto was elected President of HKTI in 5 December 2004, and he

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3990-470: The chairman. Puritan branch of modernists has been absorbed to Jemaah Tarbiyah which founded Prosperous Justice Party (PKS). Neo-modernists influenced the creation of Liberal Islam Network (JIL) and the progressive Muhammadiyah Berkemajuan movement. Prabowo Subianto 8th President of Indonesia [REDACTED] Prabowo Subianto Djojohadikusumo ( Indonesian , modern orthography : Prabowo Subianto Joyohadikusumo ; born 17 October 1951)

4085-421: The city to help restore order. Hundreds of men trained by Kopassus (Prabowo's former command) were flown from Dili to Yogyakarta in chartered planes, and then on to Jakarta by train. Prabowo Subianto publicly urged Indonesians to join him to fight "traitors to the nation". On the morning of 14 May, Kopassus troops escorted young thugs from Lampung in southern Sumatera into the capital. Thus Prabowo Subianto

4180-485: The discharge was a result of disciplinary action. Later he went into voluntary exile in Jordan where he knew that country's new young King Abdullah as a fellow commander of special forces. In an interview with Asiaweek magazine in 2000, Prabowo Subianto said "I never threatened Habibie. I was not behind the riots. That is a great lie. I never betrayed Suharto. I never betrayed Habibie. I never betrayed my country. There

4275-599: The election result. On 14 July 2019, Prabowo finally conceded to Jokowi in a train ride at Jakarta MRT , congratulated Jokowi and apologized for criticizing him during the campaign trail much to the criticism of his upset supporters who expressed that Prabowo should remain as part of the opposition. His own party Gerindra eventually joined Jokowi's Onward Indonesia Coalition on 21 October 2019 with Prabowo himself appointed Minister of Defense on 23 October 2019, therefore joining Jokowi's cabinet. On 7 January 2023, Prabowo Subianto launched his third presidential campaign for

4370-493: The elite, who are not yet ready to accept losing." On 21 August 2014, the Indonesian Constitutional Court rejected his claim of fraud, confirming his election loss. On 12 April 2018, Prabowo Subianto announced he would contest the 2019 presidential election if he could obtain sufficient support from other political parties. Indonesian media had speculated on whether Prabowo Subianto would become

4465-507: The fact-finding team suspected that, on the night of 14 May, Prabowo Subianto met with several Armed Forces and prominent civilian figures at the Kostrad headquarters to discuss organization of the violence. However, this was later refuted by several people who attended the meeting, including prominent human rights lawyer Adnan Buyung Nasution and Joint Fact-Finding Team member, Bambang Widjojanto . Further testimonies by Prabowo Subianto in

4560-557: The family lived in London, where Prabowo attended and graduated from the American School. Sumitro subsequently encouraged his son to attend a military academy. One of Prabowo's role models was Mustafa Kemal Atatürk , and according to peers and observers, Prabowo was talented with a passion for stratagems and had an appetite for political power. Sumitro himself came from an elite background. His father, Margono Djojohadikusumo ,

4655-725: The following day, announced Wiranto's appointment as Minister of Defense and Security as well as Commander of the Indonesian National Army , which resulted in Prabowo's dismissal. There are two versions of how this happened: the first version states that a furious Prabowo Subianto went to the Presidential Palace carrying a gun and a truck with his Kostrad troops. Because he was prevented from entering Habibie's office, he went to Suharto, who instead reprimanded him. Meanwhile, another version states that Prabowo

4750-533: The former general's role in human rights abuses." During the 2024 presidential debate on 12 December 2023, Prabowo admitted implicitly that he had Budiman Sudjatmiko kidnapped, a violation of human rights, later Sudjatmiko had become one of his spokesperson. Prior to the debate, Prabowo also admitted to Sudjatmiko, that he had released all activists he had kidnapped but didn't know of their later fates after released. Explaining his decision, Budiman claimed people changed after 25 years, both him and Prabowo "moved to

4845-545: The freedom of individual interpretation, but the rejection of religious sources outside of the scripture has led to the development of a rigid and legalistic tendency. Since the 1980s and 1990s, attempts to bridge the gap between traditionalism and modernism were made, and progressive intellectuals of both sides have attained interpretational resemblance with common goals of pluralism and interfaith tolerance . These movements are called "neo-modernism" by scholars such as Fachry Ali, Bahtiar Effendy and Greg Barton. Neo-modernism

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4940-427: The government and to show that Wiranto was "an incompetent commander who could not control disorder". During August and September, the fact-finding team interviewed Prabowo Subianto, Sjafrie, and other military commanders regarding their movements during the Jakarta riots. Prabowo Subianto asserted that he was unsure of the precise movements of military forces in the capital and deferred to Sjafrie. In its final report,

5035-480: The government indicated Jokowi had won by a margin of about 10%, but Prabowo Subianto claimed victory, insisting a real count by his side showed he received 62% of the vote. His unsubstantiated claims of widespread cheating prompted his supporters to stage protests in Jakarta, resulting in riots that left eight people dead and 737 injured. The Constitutional Court in June 2019 unanimously rejected Prabowo's appeal against

5130-412: The initial quick counts were released, although the majority showed Jokowi ahead. He attributed this withdrawal to Indonesia "failing in its duty to democracy" because of "massive cheating that is structured and systematic," and stated that he and Hatta "exercise our constitutional right to reject the presidential election and declare it unconstitutional". His speech, aired live, implied he would challenge

5225-702: The international community. Note: Bold text indicates the party member Modernism (Islam in Indonesia) In the context of Muslim society in Indonesia , Modernism or modernist Islam refers to a religious movement which puts emphasis on teachings purely derived from the Islamic religious scriptures, the Qur'an and Hadith . Modernism is often contrasted with traditionalism , which upholds ulama -based and syncretic vernacular traditions. Modernism

5320-431: The late 1990s to early 2000s. Islam in Indonesia was spread by Arab traders and Sufi saints after the 16th century. It had legitimated the authority of the ulama and taqlid as a learning system, and prompted incorporation of vernacular Hindu or animist practices into the Islamic tradition. Since the 18th century, the Islamic world was facing European colonization worldwide and philosophical crisis. Islamic modernism

5415-416: The legislative election, the party won 6.4% of the popular vote and 52 out of 550 legislative seats. For the presidential election , Amien Rais stood with Siswono Yudo Husodo as his running mate but only won 15% of the vote. The party came fifth in the 2009 legislative election with 6% of the vote, gaining 43 seats in the People's Representative Council . Despite its declining influence and popularity,

5510-584: The main vehicle for the Suharto regime's attempt to obtain Muslim support. However, Madjid later broke off with ICMI for its compromise toward the Suharto regime. Neo-modernists and Madjid had played a major role, along with progressive traditionalists such as Abdurrahman Wahid after the fall of Suharto and the democratic transition in the reformation era. After the reformation, modernists of Muhammadiyah established National Mandate Party (PAN) with Amien Rais as

5605-896: The massacre happened, and neither the UN nor the government of Timor Leste have ever proffered charges of human rights violations against him. Jose Manuel Tesoro writing for Asiaweek in 2000, contacted four separate non-governmental organizations including TAPOL in London; Solidamor in Jakarta; the HAK Foundation, headquartered in Dili; and the East Timor Action Network (ETAN) in New York, and they could not provide any eyewitness reports, transcripts of intercepted communications, leaked papers or anything that could substantiate Prabowo's involvement. In 1985 Prabowo Subianto attended

5700-537: The middle." Maria Catarina Sumarsih , whose son was shot dead during the Semanggi shootings on 13 November 1998, said that Prabowo was responsible for the tragedy. After being discharged from the military, Prabowo Subianto joined his brother Hashim Djojohadikusumo's business. He purchased Kiani Kertas, a paper pulp and plantation company based in Mangkajang, East Kalimantan . Prior to Prabowo's purchase, Kiani

5795-486: The military and subsequently banned from entering the United States for allegedly committing human rights abuses. In early 2008, Prabowo's inner circle established the Gerindra Party . In the 2009 presidential election , he ran unsuccessfully for the vice presidency as Megawati Sukarnoputri 's running mate. He contested the 2014 presidential election and was defeated by Jakarta Governor Joko Widodo , which he initially disputed. He made another unsuccessful run for

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5890-595: The most prominent proponent of modernism throughout the Sukarno and New Order era. Through Masyumi Party, Natsir campaigned for implementing sharia on the state level. Following the banning by the Suharto regime, Natsir went underground and founded Indonesian Islamic Dawah Council (DDII) in 1967. DDII built strong relations with the Middle Eastern Muslim scholars of Salafi and Wahhabi brands and played

5985-425: The nine men were candidates for Gerindra , Prabowo's political party, and another served as his media adviser. By 2024, six out of the nine kidnapped (including Arief) have either worked for Prabowo, or backed him for the presidency. Prabowo Subianto was also suspected of organising the kidnappings of another 13 activists (all of whom remain "missing") between February 1997 and May 1998. Later investigations into

6080-455: The party aimed to garner at least 10 percent of the vote in 2014. However, in the legislative election, PAN only won 7.49 percent of the vote. A few weeks after the legislative election, PAN announced party leader Hatta Rajasa as vice presidential candidate to run alongside Prabowo Subianto . At the time of own establishment in 1998, the party has declared Pancasila as its ideological base. However, subsequently, as outside scholars note, due to

6175-525: The party did not have the required numbers, and Prabowo Subianto ran as a vice-presidential candidate to Megawati Sukarnoputri , daughter of Indonesia's first president Sukarno . Prabowo and Megawati signed the Batu Tulis Agreement, which stated that: The pair, referred to colloquially by the Indonesian media as Mega–Pro , earned 27% of the vote and lost to Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono and his running mate, economist Boediono . The results of

6270-506: The party website, PAN strives for the sovereignty of the people, social justice, and a better life for the people to bring about an Indonesian nation that is prosperous, developed, independent, and dignified. It also wants to realize good and clean governance that protects all the people and brings prosperity and to see a united, sovereign nation. The party wants to play a part in implementing world order based on independence, eternal peace, and social justice, and wants Indonesia to be respected in

6365-446: The party’s close cooperation with the Islamic organization Muhammadiyah , its support from predominantly Muslim voters and other reasons, the party’s ideology became more religious and more Muslim or Islamic democratic , but far from Islamism . Nowadays, PAN is the moderate and most progressive among other Indonesian religious parties. PAN is open to all elements of society, regardless of gender, ethnicity, or religion. According to

6460-475: The performance of President Suharto's cabinet over the next six months. He also said that the people needed a strong forum that was respected by those in power and that the power structure under Suharto was not good at listening to people's opinions because it had become arrogant. At the time of the downfall of the Suharto regime in 1998, many new parties were being established and some of them wanted Amien Rais and other members of MARA to join them. One of these

6555-495: The popular vote, which is an increase from 6.03 percent in 2009 and 6.44 percent in 2004. On 14 May 1998, around 50 political figures, including Goenawan Mohammad, Faisal Basri, and Amien Rais established an organization called the Peoples Mandate Council ( Indonesian : Majelis Amanat Rakyat, MARA ) open to anybody who wanted to listen and express opinions. At the time, Amien Rais said that MARA would assess

6650-538: The presidency in 2019 against Joko Widodo, with Sandiaga Uno as his running mate and with the support of Gerindra, the Prosperous Justice Party (PKS), the National Mandate Party (PAN), the Democratic Party (Demokrat) and Berkarya Party . His refusal to accept the result saw his followers stage protests that sparked deadly riots in Jakarta. However, after a heated contest, Prabowo Subianto joined Joko Widodo's cabinet as his minister of defense for

6745-423: The rescue operation. The mission involved covert support from British Military Attache and SAS veteran Colonel Ivor Helberg. Following the hostage transfer, Kopassus under Prabowo Subianto began a reprisal campaign against villages perceived to support OPM, in one incident at Geselema village attacking the villagers with a military helicopter disguised as a Red Cross helicopter. On 20 March 1998, Prabowo Subianto

6840-521: The results and declared him as the president-elect of Indonesia. The Constitutional Court (MK) confirmed his status on 22 April 2024. Prabowo was sworn in as the 8th President of Indonesia on 20 October 2024. Prabowo's father, Sumitro Djojohadikusumo (1917–2001), was originally from Gombong , Kebumen . He was an economist who served as former President Sukarno 's minister for the economy and Suharto 's minister for research and technology . Sumitro named Prabowo after his own younger brother who

6935-497: The results in the Constitutional Court . Later reports indicated confusion over whether Prabowo Subianto had resigned from the election or simply rejected the count. According to Douglas Ramage of the Jakarta-based Bower's Asia Group, this was the first time since Reformasi began in 1998 that the legitimacy of an election was questioned; he declared the country was entering "uncharted territory." The legality of

7030-639: The stomach as he was being escorted in Maubisse , fifty kilometres south of Dili . It was claimed, in 1983, Prabowo commanded the special forces responsible for the Kraras massacres in East Timor. The survivors of these massacres were locked up in a concentration camp guarded by Prabowo's men, where many died of starvation and ill-treatment. Prabowo claimed he was nowhere near the Viqueque district when

7125-635: The wealthiest businessmen in Indonesia with assets across the globe from Indonesia to Europe and North America. Due to his father's political exile borne from differences with Sukarno in the 1960s, they lived in self-exile, notably in countries such as Switzerland, Singapore, Thailand, Malaysia, and the United Kingdom. Henceforth, Prabowo and his siblings have a cosmopolitan background. During his high school years, he studied at Victoria Institution in Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia. Between 1966 and 1968,

7220-559: The years following the investigation contradicted the team's report and led to scepticism of the team's allegations. On 21 May 1998, Suharto announced his resignation from the presidency and Vice President B. J. Habibie took over as president. On the afternoon following Habibie's inauguration as president, Prabowo Subianto demanded of Habibie that he be put in charge of the Army in place of Wiranto. However, Habibie and Wiranto actually dismissed Prabowo from his position as Kostrad Commander, and

7315-400: Was a certain group that wanted to make me a scapegoat, maybe to hide their involvement." Human rights groups have long questioned Prabowo's eligibility to run for president, noting that he was discharged from the Army in August 1998 for "misinterpreting orders" in the abduction of the democracy activists. While that was the military's official statement, observers have long believed that it was

7410-402: Was accused of using his contacts in his former command to import and create trouble, while Wiranto had declined to give Prabowo's current command, Kostrad, permission to quell the existing trouble, in line with classic Javanese tactic to stir chaos to discredit a rival and/or seize power. Troops under Prabowo's command kidnapped and tortured at least nine democracy activists in the months before

7505-495: Was appointed head of the 27,000-strong Army Strategic Reserve Command ( Kostrad ), that Suharto had commanded in 1965. Less than three months after his appointment as head of Kostrad , on the first day of the May 1998 riots , Prabowo Subianto urged the commander of the Indonesian National Armed Forces (ABRI), General Wiranto , to let him bring his Strategic Reserve units from outside Jakarta into

7600-642: Was articulated by philosophers such as Jamal ad-din Al Afghani , Muhammad Abduh and Rashid Rida to revive the Islamic civilization. They criticized the ulama's authority and taqlid as blind imitation, as well as Sufism for deviation and blamed them for the demise of Islamic teaching and civilization. With the increase of Indonesian students studying the Middle East, especially Cairo , Indonesian Muslim such as Abdullah Ahmad , Ahmad Dahlan , Ahmad Hassan, and Moenawar Chalil had brought Islamic modernism into

7695-405: Was born in 1946 and Maryani Djojohadikusumo, who was born in 1948. His only brother, Hashim Djojohadikusumo , was born in 1953. Prabowo's eldest sister, Bianti, is married to J. Soedradjad Djiwandono , Governor of Bank Indonesia from 1993 until 1998, whilst her sister, Maryani, was married to a French expatriate entrepreneur, Didier Lemaistre who died in 2018. Prabowo's brother, Hashim, is one of

7790-562: Was called Operation Eradicate. In 1996, Prabowo Subianto led the Mapenduma Operation in the mountainous terrain of Papua . The goal of the operation was the release of 11 scientific researchers who had been taken hostage by the Free Papua Movement (OPM). The researchers were five Indonesians, four Britons, one Dutchman and his pregnant German wife. Two of the Indonesian male hostages were killed shortly before

7885-456: Was changed to the current name after a lengthy voting process. The new party had its roots in the principles of religious morality, humanity, and prosperity. On 11 February 2020, a PAN national congress, held in Kendari , Southeast Sulawesi , was marred by violence when party members started throwing chairs at one another amid a dispute over candidates to lead the party. One PAN member suffered

7980-454: Was concerned about the condition of the nation and state of Indonesia. Not long after that, Abdurrahman Wahid was voted out of office and replaced by Megawati Sukarnoputri. For the 2004 elections , the party set a target of 15 percent of the vote. To promote his presidential candidacy, Amien Rais made a series of visits around the country. He also said that he was convinced that a retired military officer should be his vice-president. However, in

8075-444: Was dismissed from his post because he was suspected of carrying out a coup against Habibie. It is said that after Habibie's inauguration, Wiranto reported that there was movement from Kostrad troops appearing around Habibie's residence. Habibie then ordered Prabowo to be dismissed from his post just before sunset in that day. However, Prabowo was later visited by Wiranto at his home on the weekend of 23 or 24 May and then reassigned to

8170-487: Was heavily inspired by the Pakistani Muslim intellectual Fazlur Rahman , and popularized by an intellectual stream called pembaruan (renewal). The most important neo-modernist or pembaruan thinkers including Nurcholish Madjid , Djohan Effendi and Luthfi Assyaukanie . They have cooperated with the reform-minded traditionalists such as Abdurrahman Wahid of Nahdlatul Ulama , holding strong influence during

8265-795: Was killed in an incident against Japanese forces in Lengkong, Tangerang during the Indonesian National Revolution . Prabowo's mother, Dora Marie Sigar (1919–2008), was a Protestant Christian of Minahasan descent , who originated from the Sigar-Maengkom family in Langowan, North Sulawesi . They were married in Utrecht , the Netherlands . Prabowo Subianto has two older sisters, Bianti Djojohadikusumo, who

8360-677: Was officially announced as president and began to receive congratulations from world leaders. Following the announcement, the value of the Indonesian rupiah dropped by 0.3%, and the JSX Composite fell by 0.9%. Observers denied Prabowo's allegations of cheating, finding that the elections were "generally fair and free;" Maswadi Rauf of the University of Indonesia stated that there was "no sign of significant fraud," and that Prabowo's withdrawal simply reflected "the real attitudes of

8455-668: Was one of five contenders in the 2004 Golkar Party National Convention  [ id ] vying to become Golkar party's presidential candidate. He received the lowest number of votes, just 39, and was eliminated in the first round. The second round of voting was won by Wiranto . After finishing last in the party convention, Prabowo served as a member of the Golkar Advisory Council until his resignation on 12 July 2008. In February 2008, Prabowo's inner circle, including Fadli Zon , Muchdi Purwopranjono , and Prabowo's younger brother Hashim Djojohadikusumo , along with

8550-418: Was owned by Bob Hasan , a businessman close to former President Suharto . Today, Prabowo's Nusantara Group controls 27 companies in Indonesia and abroad. Prabowo's companies include Nusantara Energy (oil and natural gas, coal), Tidar Kerinci Agung (palm oil plantations) and Jaladri Nusantara (fishery industry). Prabowo Subianto rebranded Kiani Kertas to Kertas Nusantara. The company was established in 1990 and

8645-414: Was re-elected in 2012 for a third consecutive term. At the 2011 SEA Games in Jakarta, the pencak silat sport managed to win the overall championship by winning 9 of the 18 events competed. IPSI's achievements under Prabowo's chairmanship were very impressive at the 2018 Asian Games , where pencak silat succeeded in contributing 14 of the 31 gold medals won by the Indonesian contingent. Prabowo Subianto

8740-496: Was reappointed in 2010 for a second term. The Indonesian Traditional Market Traders Association (APPSI) is a non-profit organization advocating for the welfare of traders in Indonesia's traditional markets. Prabowo was elected as president of APPSI in 2008. As a chairman of the organization, Prabowo often calls for the government to limit hypermarkets by regulating their distances so as not to harm small traders. "So far, traditional market traders have always been ignored, so that when

8835-541: Was the Crescent Star Party whose eventual leader Yusril Ihza Mahendra tried to persuade Amien Rais to establish a party. When he refused the offer, the party went its own way. On July 27, 1998 (the day after the declaration of the creation of the Crescent Star Party), Amien Rais announced the establishment of a new party to be called the People's Mandate Party (Indonesian: Partai Amanat Bangsa, PAB ). This

8930-577: Was the founder of the country's first state bank Bank Negara Indonesia (BNI), the first leader of Indonesia's provisional Supreme Advisory Council (DPA), and a member of the Investigating Committee for Preparatory Work for Independence (BPUPK) that drafted the steps for Indonesia's independence. With the pedigrees of his father and grandfather, Prabowo is the third generation of a family that has served high positions in Indonesia since its establishment in 1945. Prabowo and Titiek have

9025-429: Was the wealthiest presidential candidate in the 2009 election, with assets of Rp 1.5 trillion (about US$ 150 million) and US$ 7.5 million. In 2007, PT Ridlatama, whose majority stakeholder was British-based Churchill PLC, conducted a geo-survey of eastern Kalimantan for coal. Two months after the survey yielded positive results, East Kutai officials granted mining licenses to Nusantara Energy (a subsidiary of

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