The National Polytechnic School ( Spanish : Escuela Politécnica Nacional ), also known as EPN , is a public university in Quito , Ecuador . The campus, named after José Rubén Orellana, is located in the east-central part of Quito. It occupies an area of 15.2 hectares and has a built area of around 62,000 metres. Its student body numbers approximately 10,000, of which thirty percent are women. The main campus encompasses ten teaching and research faculties, in addition to four technical and specialized institutes. EPN was founded in 1869 with the aim of becoming the first technical and technological center in the country. Since its beginnings, EPN adopted the polytechnic university model , which stresses laboratory instruction in applied science and engineering. At the campus, there are some libraries with content primarily oriented to engineering and scientific topics.
22-544: EPN has been consistently ranked among the top universities (the so-called Group A) in Ecuador by CEAACES. The National Polytechnic School was founded on August 27, 1869, by the National Convention of Ecuador and the former Ecuadorian President Gabriel García Moreno . EPN is the second-oldest public university in Ecuador, after Central University of Ecuador . For this purpose, García Moreno hired members of
44-692: A German Jesuit religious order to manage the university and the Quito Astronomical Observatory . Juan Bautista Menten, Louis Dressel, Theodor Wolf , Joseph Kolberg and Luis Sodiro were among the first scientists who taught at the EPN. It received the name of "Instituto Superior Politecnico", and Menten was its first director; some other notable professors included Emilio Muellendorf, Armando Wenzel, Cristian Boetzkes, José Epping, Eduardo Brugier, Luis Heiss, Alberto Claessen, P. Clemente Faller; and Joseph Honshteter. The newborn institution
66-464: A few hundreds of metres. The eruptions are small to medium in volume, with sporadic violence. This type of eruption is named for the Italian volcano Stromboli . The tephra typically glows red when leaving the vent, but its surface cools and assumes a dark to black colour and may significantly solidify before impact. The tephra accumulates in the vicinity of the vent, forming a cinder cone . Cinder
88-571: A focus on Computer Networking , Telecommunications networking and teaching all about Computer programming and how computers exchange data . In Ecuador, the National Polytechnic School department provides monitoring of volcanic activity in this mountainous Andean nation. Cotopaxi is a stratovolcano in the Andes Mountains , located about 50 km (31 mi) south of Quito , Ecuador , South America . It
110-429: A full 4-year presidential term, despite a large 2019 popular revolt that nearly toppled his government. Strombolian eruption In volcanology , a Strombolian eruption is a type of volcanic eruption with relatively mild blasts, typically having a Volcanic Explosivity Index of 1 or 2. Strombolian eruptions consist of ejection of incandescent cinders , lapilli , and volcanic bombs , to altitudes of tens to
132-492: A turbulent churn flow regime in the conduit, producing stronger and much more frequent explosions. Violent Strombolian eruptions are more explosive in nature than their regular counterparts (up to VEI 3), and may produce sustained lava fountains, long distance lava flows, eruption columns several kilometres in height, and heavy ash fallout. Rarely, Violent Strombolian eruptions may transition into Subplinian eruptions . Examples of Violent Strombolian activity include
154-528: Is Daniel Noboa . He was elected in 2023 and is currently the youngest president in the country's history. The presidency of Ecuador has been marked by periods of instability, causing the office to change presidents frequently throughout the history of the country . At least five times, the president's duties have been charged to a provisional government or a military junta . Often, the office has been left to an interim or acting president, many of whom would go on to become president. The president who has served
176-433: Is one of two active volcanoes located within the namesake Sangay National Park , the other being Tungurahua to the north. As such it has been listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1983. Reventador is an active stratovolcano that lies in the eastern Andes of Ecuador. Since 1541 it has erupted over 25 times with most recent eruption in 2009, but the largest historical eruption occurred in 2002. During that eruption
198-405: Is the most common product; the amount of volcanic ash is typically rather minor. The lava flows are more viscous , and therefore shorter and thicker, than the corresponding Hawaiian eruptions ; it may or may not be accompanied by production of pyroclastic rock . Instead the gas coalesces into bubbles, called gas slugs , that grow large enough to rise through the magma column, bursting near
220-441: Is the second highest summit in the country, reaching a height of 5,897 m (19,347 ft). Some consider it the world's highest active volcano, while others give this status to the considerably higher Llullaillaco , which most recently erupted in 1877 and is one of Ecuador's most active volcanoes. Since 1738, Cotopaxi has erupted more than 50 times, resulting in the creation of numerous valleys formed by lahars (mudflows) around
242-501: The Republic of Ecuador ( Spanish : Presidente Constitucional de la República del Ecuador ), serves as the head of state and head of government of Ecuador . It is the highest political office in the country as the head of the executive branch of government. Per the current constitution , the president can serve two four-year terms. Prior to that, the president could only serve one four-year term. The current president of Ecuador
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#1732765456141264-656: The School of Information and Technology being founded in 1967. The university has 8 faculties that house 24 professional undergraduate schools, 18 master's degrees and 6 postgraduate doctorates. These specialties belong to the field of knowledge of science, engineering and technical training school (ESFOT). All professional faculties, except the Technical Training School, offer masters and doctorates in various fields of specialization. The Technical Training School (ESFOT) has been in operation since 1967 and has
286-713: The Strombolian style. For example, the Parícutin volcano erupted continuously between 1943–1952, Mount Erebus , Antarctica has produced Strombolian eruptions for at least many decades, and Stromboli itself has been producing Strombolian eruptions for over two thousand years. The Romans referred to Stromboli as the "Lighthouse of the Mediterranean". The most energetic Strombolian eruptions are sometimes termed "Violent Strombolian" by volcanologists. Such eruptions are associated with higher magma gas content, leading to
308-481: The edifice, suggesting an intrusion of magma under the volcano. As of 25 July, the unrest continued, and the most recent major eruption was an ash and steam eruption that occurred on August 14 and 15, 2015. The Gustavo Orcés V. Natural History Museum is part of the Life Sciences Institute on the campus of the National Polytechnic School. The main focus is conducting research on Ecuadorian fauna in
330-508: The fields of biodiversity, ecology, zoology, and environmental impact assessments, and contributing to national environmental culture through the Gustavo Orces Natural History Museum. The museum has the remains of the only complete mammoth found in Ecuador. President of Ecuador The president of Ecuador ( Spanish : Presidente del Ecuador ), officially called the constitutional president of
352-531: The most recent eruption, which started in 1934, is still ongoing. Geologically, Sangay marks the southern bound of the Northern Volcanic Zone , and its position straddling two major pieces of crust accounts for its high level of activity. Sangay's approximately 500,000-year-old history is one of instability; two previous versions of the mountain were destroyed in massive flank collapses, evidence of which still litters its surroundings today. Sangay
374-677: The most terms in office is José María Velasco Ibarra , who served five. In May 2017 Rafael Correa became the first President in more than two decades to serve out his complete terms in office since Sixto Durán Ballén , who served from 1992 to 1996. Before Correa, a period of deep political instability from 1996 to 2006 also saw a grave economic crisis in 1998-2000 . During this time, Durán Ballén's three elected successors, Abdalá Bucaram , Jamil Mahuad and Lucio Gutiérrez , were deposed in popular revolts, followed by military or legislative coups d'États, in 1997, 2000 , and 2005 , respectively. Since Correa, Lenín Moreno (2017–2021) has also completed
396-557: The plume from the volcano reached a height of 17 km and pyroclastic flows went up to 7 km from the cone. On March 30, 2007, the mountain spewed ash again. The ash reached a height of about two miles (3.2 km; 11,000 ft). Cotopaxi , outside of Quito , began activity in April 2015; the volcano began to show signs of unrest, and came back to life. There was a large increase in earthquakes (including harmonic tremors) and SO 2 emissions. IGPEN reported slight deformation of
418-473: The top due to the decrease in pressure and throwing magma into the air. Each episode thus releases volcanic gases, sometimes as frequently as a few minutes apart. Gas slugs can form as deep as 3 kilometers, making them difficult to predict. Strombolian eruptive activity can be very long-lasting because the conduit system is not strongly affected by the eruptive activity, so that the eruptive system can repeatedly reset itself. Monogenetic cones usually erupt in
440-609: The volcano. In October 1999, the Pichincha volcano erupted in Quito and covered the city with several inches of ash . Prior to that, the last major eruptions were in 1553 and in 1660, when about 30 cm of ash fell on the city. At 5230 meters, Sangay Volcano) is an active stratovolcano in central Ecuador and is one of the highest active volcanoes in the world and one of Ecuador's most active ones, erupting three times in recorded history. It exhibits mostly strombolian activity;
462-980: The work of Kolberg and Brugier. The university was closed by President Borrero in 1876 and remained closed for some decades. In February 1935, President José María Velasco Ibarra re-opened it and in 1946 the name was changed to Escuela Politecnica Nacional. In 1964, the university moved from its old campus near the La Alameda park to its current campus in El Giron, which was named after former Rector José Rubén Orellana Ricaurte. EPN offers many degrees in engineering and science including civil engineering, electric and electronic engineering, mechanical engineering, power electronics, petroleum engineering, chemical engineering, bio-agricultural engineering, food technology, geology, informatics engineering, mathematics and physics. In addition to science and engineering degrees, EPN also started offering technical and technological degrees, with
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#1732765456141484-406: Was conceived as the first research center of Ecuador and was created with the purpose of contributing to the scientific and technological development of the country. These academics excelled in several fields such as cartography and mineralogy (Wolf), Chemistry (Dressel), Botany (Sodiro), Architecture (Kolberg), and other fields of engineering. The advent of electricity to the city of Quito was in part
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