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103-778: The commission is currently headed by Hon. Nasir Isa Kwarra. The Commission is composed of a policy-making body consisting of 37 Federal Commissioners who are organized into different Standing Committees. The Commission is led by a Chairman, while the administrative head is the Director-General. Departments within the Commission include Cartography, Census, Finance & Accounts, Human Resources and Administration, ICT, Audit, Population Management and Development, Planning and Research, Population Studies, Public Affairs, Procurement, Special Duties, Vital Registration, and Legal Services, General Services. The State offices are headed by

206-498: A Mahdist rebellion broke out outside the city of Sokoto in the village of Satiru. Elements of the Royal West African Frontier Force were dispatched to suppress the rebellion; upon hearing news of what had transpired, Muhammadu Attahiru II dispatched a mixed force of 300 Sokoto cavalry and infantry led by Mallam Isa to join them. The combined force successfully suppressed the rebellion, which marked

309-795: A permanent secretary , who is a senior civil servant. The ministries are responsible for various parastatals (government-owned corporations), such as universities , the National Broadcasting Commission, and the Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation . However, some parastatals are the responsibility of the Office of the Presidency, such as the Independent National Electoral Commission ,

412-578: A 25 percent reduction in HIV adult prevalence." The 2022 population policy for Nigeria, named the Revised National Policy on Population for Sustainable Development was launched on 4 February 2022, by President Muhammadu Buhari . The policy is built on top of the background of Nigeria's sustained high fertility rate. To reverse it, the policy plans to increase access to modern family planning methods, birth spacing, and counseling. The outcome of

515-567: A consequence of this, there has been a great deal of corruption in Nigerian politics and general life. A good sign of democracy in Nigeria is the fact that elections are becoming less fraudulent and there is more party competition. Another indicator of a strong democracy is the presence of a civil society in which citizens have the right to act and speak freely in concert with a strong use of media for everyday life. Furthermore, Nigeria has seen

618-468: A credible population census. Population census in Nigeria carries political and religious implications, thus, some Nigerians, especially of Northern extraction rose in opposition to his comments. Governor of Kano State in Northern Nigeria, Rabiu Kwankwaso , visited President at the time Goodluck Jonathan and demanded the dismissal of Odimegwu. He was issued a query, and later forced to resign

721-495: A democratic state. Nigeria is hoping to gain a permanent seat on the UN Security Council in the near future. Despite these achievements, Nigeria continues to face challenges in its foreign relations, such as the fight against terrorism and insurgency in the region, the challenge of migration and human trafficking, and the need to increase economic cooperation and integration with its neighbors. Nigeria's media scene

824-420: A great number of citizens who have lost their jobs and source of income. In response to this, the federal government passed economic stimulus packages to promote important production sectors such as agriculture and oil. The government also passed food assistance measures and cash transfers to aid those in poverty who are going hungry. They also pushed for fundraising efforts to secure funds from donors to support

927-698: A great number of parties as a direct result of corruption and chaos that has ensued in Nigeria surrounding the federal government and elections for years. The vast number of parties has proved to be difficult to monitor. The two major parties are the Peoples Democratic Party and the All Progressives Congress , both of which have held the presidency and seats in the National Assembly for extended periods of time. As opposed to parties in other nations that represent

1030-467: A heightened use of media within the realm of political issues, particularly with the recent [Special Anti-Robbery Squad] SARS protest, indicating a sense of freedom for the public to voice their opinions to the government and the world. According to the 2020 World Press Freedom Index , Nigeria is the 115th most free nation in the world. It has been noted as a nation with perpetuating violence against freedom of speech and press. Nigeria has been found to be

1133-636: A long history of rail construction in Canada and Africa and was tasked with substantial railroad construction in the Protectorate. In 1909, Henry Hesketh Bell , the governor of the Uganda Protectorate was appointed high commissioner. In 1912, it was estimated that the area of Northern Nigeria was approximately 660,000 square kilometres (255,000 sq mi) and had a population of about 10 million people. Charles Lindsay Temple became

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1236-719: A military takeover of the democratically elected government of Nigeria. The commission was re-established by the National Population Commission Decree No. 23 of 1989, which is now known as the National Population Act, CAP – No_67, Law of the Federal Government of Nigeria (LFN) 2004. The 1999 Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria (as amended) , under section 153 (i) (j) and part of (i) (j) of

1339-570: A minister in the Federal Cabinet . Nigeria has 24 Federal Ministries. The president must include at least one member from each of the 36 states in his cabinet. The president's appointments are confirmed by the Senate of Nigeria . In some cases, a federal minister is responsible for more than one ministry (for example, Environment and Housing may be combined), or a minister may be assisted by one or more ministers of state. Each ministry also has

1442-486: A recent rise in citizen-created, and in particular youth-led groups that are taking action against Boko Haram to protect themselves and their communities. Both the actions of Boko Haram and the government's efforts to combat terrorism have led to a growing refugee crisis in Nigeria. Nigeria's membership in the British Commonwealth began in 1960 and was suspended from 1995 to 1999 when the country became

1545-531: A salary equivalent to over $ 2,200 USD a month, supplemented by expenses of $ 37,500 USD a month (2018 figures). The judicial branch is made up of the Supreme Court of Nigeria , the Court of Appeals , the high courts , and other trial courts such as the magistrates ', customary , Sharia and other specialized courts. The National Judicial Council serves as an independent executive body, insulating

1648-409: A slew of political opinions that the public can align themselves with, parties in Nigeria act more so as a means through which prominent figures can gain power and influence, and there are so many because they often switch parties to find the one to give them the best chance of achieving authority. Political parties have been an important aspect of Nigerian government both before and after independence

1751-577: A state under military rule. It was reinstated in 1999 when democracy was established with the Presidential Constitution and Fourth Republic of Nigeria, and it remains a part of the Commonwealth to this day. The Commonwealth Secretariat aims to help Nigeria detect and deter corruption within its federal government. In 2018, they taught numerous government officials and financial officers how to combat and condemn corruption within

1854-694: A tendency for people in Nigeria to support parties based on ethnic of religious divisions, particularly along the Muslim-Christian line of division. The 18 political parties are: Accord, Action Alliance, Action Democratic Party, Action Peoples Party, African Action Congress, African Democratic Congress, All Progressives Congress, All Progressives Grand Alliance, Allied Peoples Movement, Boot Party, Labour Party, National Rescue Movement, New Nigeria Peoples Party, Peoples Democratic Party, Peoples Redemption Party, Social Democratic Party, Young Progressive Party, Zenith Labour Party. The president and members of

1957-407: A vulnerable nation, both at risk of modern slavery and corruption. The nation is vulnerable due to the effects of inner conflict and governance issues. Freedom House has rated Nigeria as a "partly free" nation. In the last presidential election, the process was tainted by violence, intimidation and vote buying, which have been prevalent in many of the recent elections within Nigeria. Similarly, in

2060-516: A year into his four-year tenure. The 1952/1953 census was staggered and this made the comparability of data between regions difficult. In Northern Nigeria for instance, it was conducted from May to July 1952, while the West and Mid-West, it was held in December 1952, and January 1953, respectively. With World War II disrupting the previous cycle of the decennial census, many Nigerians were suspicious of

2163-413: Is Bola Tinubu, who was elected in 2023, and the current vice president is Kashim Shettima. The executive branch is divided into Federal Ministries , each headed by a minister appointed by the president , Federal Ministries are those civil service departments which were made responsible for delivering various types of government service and each ministry is headed by a permanent secretary who reports to

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2266-412: Is a lack of women elected into the government, and same-sex relationships were criminalized in 2014. The Nigerian federal government's officials like the president and legislators are elected to enact policy and laws, and are usually allowed to do so without interruption, but in recent years, their ability to legislate has been marred by corruption and instability. Corruption has been a major problem for

2369-528: Is a list of substantive chairmen of the National Population Commission of Nigeria. Below is a list of all the present 37 federal commissioners who make up the policy-making body of the National Population Commission. The National Population Commission (NPC) is a Nigerian government agency established by Section 140 (1) of the 1979 Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria. However, it was suspended on 31 December 1983, following

2472-574: Is a member of the African Union and sits on that organization's Peace and Security Council . The current minister of foreign affairs of Nigeria is Yusuf Tuggar . Much of Nigeria's foreign affairs , both during the colonial era and post-independence has relied on oil-production. Nigeria's relationships with both its continental neighbors in Africa and throughout the world have improved a great deal since it has transitioned from military rule to

2575-422: Is allowed in Nigeria, however, the government and even non-governmental organizations have been known to violently respond to groups that openly dissent to the federal government. Religion is a contentious topic in Nigeria because of heated, ongoing conflicts between Christians and Muslims within the state. Freedom House rated the Nigerian federal government well in the category of allowing academic freedom, and

2678-718: Is based on the rule of law , the independence of the judiciary , and British common law (due to the long history of British colonial influence ). The common law in the legal system is similar to common-law systems used in England and Wales and other Commonwealth countries . The constitutional framework for the legal system is provided by the Constitution of Nigeria . The major influences on Nigeria's legal system are: The two fundamental sources of Nigerian law through legislation are: (1) Acts of British parliament, popularly referred to as statutes of general application during

2781-618: Is characterized by state and private broadcasters, popular international brands like the BBC and CC and more than a 100 national and local print titles state and private broadcasters. Radio and televised media in Nigeria is mostly state-owned by the National Broadcasting Commission . This is often used as a tactic of the government to assert control over and sway public opinion in favor of the incumbent party and his policies. However, most newspaper are privately owned and

2884-426: Is composed of three distinct branches: the executive , the legislative , and the judicial , whose powers are vested and bestowed upon by the Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria . One of the primary functions of the constitution is that it provides for separation and balance of powers among the three branches and aims to prevent the repetition of past mistakes made by the government . Other functions of

2987-405: Is elected through universal suffrage which is regarded as more than a privilege extended by the state to its citizenry, and it is rather thought of as an inalienable right that inheres to every adult citizen by virtue of citizenship. In democracies it is the primary means of ensuring that governments are responsible to the governed. The president is head of both the state and government, and heads

3090-509: Is exemplified by the vast number of legitimate parties seen in elections. Similarly, Nigerian opposition parties have a legitimate chance to participate in politics and win official positions. In regards to freedom of political expression, Freedom House indicates that opinions and institutions are often heavily influenced by non-governmental, external entities or individuals. In Nigeria, all ethnic groups and religious backgrounds have an equal opportunity to participate in politics, however, there

3193-484: Is further divided into local government areas (LGAs). These states and their local governments are essential to the function of a federal government because they have a pulse on the local population and can therefore assess the needs of constituents and enact policy or infrastructure that is helpful. They are also important because the federal government has the time and resources to take on national projects and international affairs while local governments can take care of

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3296-528: Is the general election that took place in 2007. This election was reportedly marred by ballot-rigging, underage voting, violence, intimidation, and an overall absence of clarity and accuracy from the National Electoral Commission. Islamic law has found its way into the heart of many Nigerian state governments, particularly in the northern sect of the country. There is a deep rift between Christians and Muslim in Nigeria, and therefore

3399-781: Is the largest of the services, has about 60,000 personnel, deployed between two mechanized infantry divisions, one composite division (airborne and amphibious), the Lagos Garrison Command (a division-size unit), and the Abuja-based Brigade of Guards. The Nigerian Navy (7,000) is equipped with frigates , fast attack craft, corvettes, and coastal patrol boats. The Nigerian Air Force (9,000) flies transports, trainers, helicopters, and fighter aircraft; however, most of their vehicles are currently not operational. Nigeria currently has better foreign relations with its neighbors, due to its current state of democracy. It

3502-434: Is threatening the stability of Nigeria's democracy, internal structure, and civil society, and many political scientists and Nigerian leaders hope the two religions can engage in a peaceful dialogue that hopefully pacifies both sides. The greatest terrorist threat in Nigeria is from the organization Boko Haram , and became a prevalent issue in the summer of 2009. Boko Haram is a radical jihadist Islamist terrorist group from

3605-528: Is typically exercised through bills passed by the NASS which are assented to by the president. Bills generally come in two forms – either a private bill which affects private citizens, corporate entities and/or a particular class of people or public bills which affect the general public. A bill can be introduced into either chamber of the NASS by members of the respective chambers or the executive arm of government. The National Assembly of Nigeria has two chambers :

3708-575: Is vested with the powers to make laws for the peace, order and good governance of the Federation. “It is also vested with investigatory powers, financial powers, confirmation and impeachment powers. It would not be out of place for me to use this occasion to remind us that the Legislature is the symbol of democracy all over the world. Under Section 4 (1) of the 1999 Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria (as amended) (the "Constitution"),

3811-655: The Economic and Financial Crimes Commission and the Federal Civil Service Commission . The legislature is said to be the first among the three arms of government – the legislature, executive, and the judiciary. These arms are characterized by the principle of separation of power as each is supposed to be independent of the other. The legislature derives its powers from the 1999 Constitution (as amended) in Sections 4(1) and 4(2). The legislature

3914-518: The president of the Senate . A total of 108 members are elected for four-year terms in 36 three-seat constituencies , which correspond to the country's 36 states . One member is selected in the single-seat constituency of the federal capital . The legislators are elected to either the House of Representatives or the Senate to be representatives of their constituencies and to pass legislation to benefit

4017-457: The 1980s. Hence, the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd Development Plans included poverty elimination. The first National Population Policy, enacted in 1988, was aimed at changing Nigerians' reproductive habits. It aimed to protect the health of both mother and child by reducing the proportion of women marrying before the age of 18 by 50% by 1995 and 80% by 2000; extending family planning services to 50% of women of childbearing age by 1995 and 80% by 2000; reducing

4120-591: The 1991 census. Empowered by the 1999 Constitution, in October 2001, the Olusegun Obasanjo administration inaugurated Chief Samu’ila Danko Makama as chairman of the Commission alongside 37 members representing each state in Nigeria and the FCT . In June 2012 Chief Eze Festus Odimegwu was inaugurated as chairman of the commission alongside 37 members, one each from the 36 states of Nigeria, and one representing

4223-725: The Christian–Muslim divide. The northern section of the country is largely Islamic, with 12 states that live under Sharia law , while the southern area is mostly Christian. There have been multiple attempts by Nigerian Muslims to add Sharia concepts to the Constitution which has alarmed the Christian population within the nation. Many Christians have deemed the rise in Islam in Nigeria to be dangerous and that it could possibly lead to increased terrorism and instability. This conflict

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4326-587: The Commission was known as the National Census Board, and conducted the 1973 Census. It was headed by Justice Adetokunbo Ademola . It was a temporal body which was later transformed into the National Population Bureau. In 1981, President Shehu Shagari inaugurated Alhaji Abdulrahman Okene, as chairman of the commission, alongside 19 members representing each state of the federation. When General Muhammadu Buhari overthrew

4429-573: The Federal Capital Territory. Odimegwu resigned in October 2013. In February 2014, Eze Duruiheoma, SAN was appointed Chairman of the commission. On 15 October 2020, the Senate of Nigeria confirmed the appointment of Nasir Isa Kwarra as the chairman and eleven commissioners for the Commission. With the census Ordinance of 1863, the first population census in the Nigeria area was conducted in 1866. Subsequent ones were held in 1871, 1881, 1891 and 1901. These counts were all confined to

4532-406: The House of Representatives and the Senate. The House of Representatives is the lower chamber of Nigeria's bicameral National Assembly and is presided over by the speaker of the House of Representatives . It has 360 members each of the federal constituencies of the country, who are elected for four-year terms in single-seat constituencies . The Senate , which has 109 members, is presided over by

4635-452: The House of Representatives since 2019. Each member of the National Assembly of Nigeria can be elected to more than two four-year terms. Recently, the legislative branch has been misusing its position as a check on the power of the president and his cabinet. Legislators have been known to utilize their power for not only law-making, but as a means of political intimidation and a tool to promote individual monetary success. Senators are paid

4738-574: The Lagos Colony and its environs, and marked the sequential beginning of the British decennial census tradition in Nigeria. The 1911 census covered the entire Southern Protectorate. However, the enumeration was not total because some areas had not yet accepted the authority of the colonial government. The amalgamation of the Southern and Northern protectorates in 1914 by Lord Lugard widened

4841-501: The National Assembly of Nigeria are elected by members of the population who are at least 18 years old. The National Electoral Commission is responsible for monitoring elections and ensuring that the results are correct and not fraudulent. The winner of a position is elected through the first-past-the-post system that is used in Great Britain . Nigeria has faced numerous bouts with fraudulent elections, particularly noteworthy

4944-562: The National Assembly of Nigeria often called NASS is vested with the legislative powers of the Federal Republic of Nigeria. That is the power to make laws for the peace, order, and good government of the Federation with respect to any matter included in the Exclusive Legislative List and the Concurrent List – a list of 12 items that both NASS and states' house of assembly can legislate on. This legislative power

5047-556: The Nigerian government is the only one of the three branches of government in which its members are not elected but are appointed. The judiciary, and the Supreme Court in particular, are intended to uphold the principles and laws of the nation's constitution that was written in 1999. Its goal is to protect the basic rights of the citizens. The current chief justice of the Supreme Court is Olukayode Ariwoola . After achieving its independence and republican status in 1960 (becoming

5150-413: The Nigerian government since its independence from colonial rule. In particular, the oil sector has allowed a great deal of corruption to take place. The government has tried to enact measures to combat corruption that infringes upon the functioning of the state, but have only been quasi-successful. The government has also been rated as lacking in transparency, often not allowing records to be available to

5253-492: The Nigerians native to their respective states. The devolution of power between the states and the federal government helps the functionality of Nigeria. 774 local governments oversee the collection of local taxes, education, health care, roads, waste, and planning. The local government look after the affairs of the common men and women in the Nigeria society. The creation of local government reform started in 1968, 1970 during

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5356-578: The Northern provinces were not counted as some census staff were re-posted to anti-locust duties as a result of the raging locust invasion in some parts of the North. The outbreak of the Second World War broke the sequential chain of the decennial counts as no population count was conducted in 1941. The 1952/1953 Population Census was marred by gross under-enumeration as people were suspicious of

5459-506: The Shagari presidency on 31 December 1983, the constitution was suspended and the commission was dissolved. The commission reverted to the status of a Bureau, and was headed by a civil servant on the rank of director. In 1988, Alhaji Shehu Musa, Makaman Nupe was appointed by General Ibrahim Badamosi Babangida , as chairman of the commission alongside six members. The commission was legalized with Decree No 43 of 1989. This commission conducted

5562-613: The State Directors who are the administrative heads. Departments in the states are: Technical Unit, Vital Registration, Human Resource, and Management and Public Affairs. At the Local Government Area level, Comptrollers serve as liaisons between the office, traditional institutions, and local government authorities. The Commission's Secretariat and Internal Audit are both under the office of the Chairman. Below

5665-690: The acting Head Commissioner in 1911 and 1912 and began overseeing, with close collaboration with Lugard, the creation of the Colony and Protectorate of Nigeria . One defining characteristic of administration in Northern Nigeria Protectorate was the inclusion of chiefs and emirs—including the emir of Bornu —as "native authorities" fitting into British administration (cf. the similar practice with chiefs, rajas , and maharajas in British India ). Taxation proved very difficult in

5768-551: The cabinet of Nigeria, the Federal Executive Council. The constitution also sanctions the president's status as commander-in-chief of the armed forces in Section 130. The constitution of 1999 vests all the executive powers of the federation in the person of the president which can be exercised directly by him or his vice president or members of his cabinet. Section 5(1)(b) provides that the executive powers of

5871-564: The census coverage in Nigeria. Like in previous censuses, the results of the 1921 population estimates were based on tax records, and people who had not filed a tax return were not counted. In the Northern region, the population estimates were based on vital statistics. The Women's War of 1929 in Calabar and Owerri provinces in the Eastern region prevented the enumeration of major municipalities in these areas in 1931. Similarly, some areas in

5974-404: The constitution include a division of power between the federal government and the states, and protection of various individual liberties of the nation's citizens . Nigerian politics takes place within a framework of a federal and presidential republic and a representative democracy , in which the president holds executive power. Legislative power is held by the federal government and

6077-619: The constitution remained the subsequent administrations (military or otherwise). The Armed Forces of Nigeria assumed the rulership of Nigeria in 1966–1979 and 1983–1999, except in August – September 1992. The breakdown of law and order which occurred in the period under review would not be attributed to any defect in the Nigerian legal system. Corrupt practices both in the body politics and all aspects of Nigerian life eroded efficiency and progress. There were eight coups generally; five were successful and three were unsuccessful. The president

6180-445: The country to democracy. Nevertheless, only General Abdulsalami Abubakar took the control of the nation after the death of Sani Abacha and stuck to his word. The country's modern Constitution became official in 1999. The elections in the year 1999 were more successful compared to that of the previous military ruler. The newly emerged President of Nigeria Olusegun Obasanjo put a stop to the military regimes that kept switching one after

6283-485: The court are binding and absolute on all courts in Nigeria except the Supreme Court itself. The Supreme Court is composed of the chief justice of Nigeria and other justices not more than 21 including the chief justice, appointed by the president of Nigeria on the recommendation of the National Judicial Council. These justices are subject to confirmation by the Senate . The judicial branch of

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6386-818: The creation of fair bargains. The Commonwealth Secretariat has also provided Nigeria with access to their Connectivity Agenda, which allows nations under the Commonwealth to communicate and exchange ideas and policies to help each other with economic and domestic productivity. Nigeria is made up of 36 states and 1 capital territory: the Federal Capital Territory , Abia , Adamawa , Akwa Ibom , Anambra , Bauchi , Bayelsa , Benue , Borno , Cross River , Delta , Ebonyi , Edo , Ekiti , Enugu , Gombe , Imo , Jigawa , Kaduna , Kano , Katsina , Kebbi , Kogi , Kwara , Lagos , Nasarawa , Niger , Ogun , Ondo , Osun , Oyo , Plateau , Rivers , Sokoto , Taraba , Yobe , and Zamfara state. Each state

6489-438: The federal budget and economic sector. The military of Nigeria has played a major role in the country's history, often seizing control of the country and ruling it for long periods of time. Its last period of rule ended in 1999, following the death of the leader of the previous military junta Sani Abacha in 1998. Active duty personnel in the three Nigerian armed services totals approximately 76,000. The Nigerian Army, which

6592-454: The federal government in areas that are at a risk of violence or instability. There is a lack of protection for women in regards to rights to abortion, rape, and domestic abuse under the Nigerian federal government. Lastly, there is a pervasive human-trafficking problem in Nigeria and frequent exploitation of citizens that the federal government has done a poor job to prevent. There are 18 recognized political parties in Nigeria. There are

6695-451: The federation which shall consist of two chambers: the Senate and the House of Representatives." The Economist Intelligence Unit rated Nigeria a " hybrid regime " in 2019. The federal government, state, and local governments of Nigeria aim to work cooperatively to govern the nation and its people. Nigeria became a member of the British Commonwealth upon its independence from British colonial rule on 1 October 1960. The law of Nigeria

6798-457: The fourth largest democratic country in the world) and 1963 respectively, Nigeria experienced its first military coup in 1966 followed by a civil war which lasted until 1970. It was made possible to bring back the democratic ideal for a few of years in the year 1978. Though this certain period of democratic ideal did not last very long and was soon over in 1983 as a result of some military rulers who came into power via coup d'état promised to return

6901-518: The globe. The terrorist organization became a part of ISIS in 2015, drawing concerns to the safety and stability of Nigeria. Many world powers including the United States have contributed military resources to help fight against Boko Haram because Nigeria's oil industry is crucial to the international economy. The Nigerian federal government has launched programs and tactics to combat Boko Horam because of their prevalence. There has also been

7004-751: The government has taken on a hybrid of English common law and Islamic law when dealing with legal issues to appease the diverse national population. Nigeria has the largest population of Christians and Muslims cohabitating in the world. These two religions were introduced in Nigeria largely during the colonial period, and since then, many Africans have merged their own traditional religions with these two institutionalized ones. Religious tensions between Christians and Muslims in Nigeria has often been used by politicians and other powerful people to incite violence and create fear and chaos among Nigerians. This has led to many citizens questioning why Nigeria remains one federal state, and that it should possibly split along

7107-483: The interests of the Federal Republic of Nigeria and its people, makes laws for Nigeria, and holds the Government of Nigeria to account. The National Assembly (NASS) is the nation's highest legislature, whose power to make laws is summarized in chapter one, section four of the 1999 Nigerian Constitution. Sections 47–49 of the 1999 Constitution state, among other things, that "There shall be a National Assembly (NASS) for

7210-475: The internet is not restricted to the public. Given that a majority (70%) of citizens are under 30, it is fitting that mobile news consumption (84%) is more than twice as high as computer consumption (41%), with tablet consumption trailing at 11%. Northern Nigeria Protectorate Northern Nigeria ( Hausa : Arewacin Najeriya ) was a British protectorate which lasted from 1900 until 1914, and covered

7313-525: The judiciary from the executive arm of government . According to the 1999 constitution, the Supreme Court has both original and appellate jurisdictions (the power to reverse, modify and change a decision or ruling made by a lower court). Appellate jurisdiction exists for both the civil law and criminal law, the supreme court has the sole authority and jurisdiction to entertain appeals from Court of Appeal, having appellate jurisdiction over all lower federal courts and highest state courts. Decisions and rulings by

7416-506: The last major instance of armed resistance to British rule in the region. After 1907 there were fewer revolts and use of military force by the British and the focus of the High Commissioner turned toward taxation and administration. The British Administration began with Frederick Lugard as the first High Commissioner. In 1907, Lugard left Nigeria for Hong Kong and Percy Girouard became the new High Commissioner. Girouard had

7519-433: The military era 1966–1999 . The grant of independence to Nigeria was a milestone in the political history of the country. This period witnessed the consolidation of political gains made during the colonial era. Politicians genuinely focused their lapses on the polity. It achieved for herself a republican status by shaking off the last vestiges of colonial authority. However, despite the violent violation of its provisions,

7622-471: The military government but was fully 1976. As Africa's most populated nation, the coronavirus pandemic ravaged across Nigeria. Nigeria proved that it could detect, respond to, and prevent the COVID-19 outbreak in a very restricted, poor fashion. Nigeria lacks the resources to conduct the widespread testing the nation needs to keep up with the number of cases surging across the state. Nigeria also lacks

7725-461: The most recent legislative elections, citizens claimed the process was also characterized by intimidation and other inconsistencies. The electoral process and related laws are thought to be enacted in a mostly fair fashion, but there have been instances of intentionally complicating voting and effecting turnout. The people of Nigeria feel as though there is more freedom in their right to have different political parties to represent their opinions. This

7828-479: The motives of the exercise having been broken by the Second World War. The 1962 population census was simultaneously held across the nation. The census was highly politicized. All the regional governments rejected the results. This led to a rerun in 1963 which was still contested at the Supreme Court , where the court declined jurisdiction over administrative functions of government. The census of 1973

7931-599: The nation. The Secretariat's involvement both in governmental and financial affairs created a better system for the transaction of goods and services in Nigeria with less risk of corruption. As of 2017, the Commonwealth has provided Nigeria with policies and resources for Great Britain's exit from the European Union and outlined the possible effects on Commonwealth nations and trade. The Commonwealth Secretariat has helped Nigeria in its natural resource fields such as oil and mining. They have helped with negotiations and

8034-432: The necessary number of other resources for fighting the virus such as hospital workers, rooms, and ventilators. The federal government's response to the virus has been fairly weak and ineffective. Former President Buhari passed numerous lockdowns, mask mandates, and travel bans to decrease the number of cases in the country. However, the lockdowns, mandates, and travel restrictions have led to negative economic effects for

8137-504: The northern part of what is now Nigeria . The protectorate spanned 660,000 square kilometres (255,000 sq mi) and included the emirates of the Sokoto Caliphate and parts of the former Bornu Empire , conquered in 1902. The first High Commissioner of the protectorate was Frederick Lugard , who suppressed slavery and tribal raiding and created a system of administration built around native authorities. The Protectorate

8240-411: The northern sect of Nigeria. This organization has launched terror attacks that have largely targeted the Nigerian federal government, non-Muslim religious organizations, and average citizens. The rise and growing effects of Boko Haram have been attributed to the instability and fragility of the Nigerian state. They are upset by the government corruption and policy failures of Nigeria, and in particular,

8343-666: The number of births per woman to four; and reducing the number of births to four per woman. In 2004 the government launched a Revised National Population Policy. The policy's specific targets include: "reducing National population growth rate to 2% or lower by the year 2015; reducing total fertility rate of at least 0.6 children every five years; increasing the modern contraceptive prevalence rate by at least 2% per year; reducing infant mortality rate to 35 per 1,000 live births by 2015; reducing child mortality rate to 45 per 1,000 live births by 2015; reducing maternal mortality to 125 per 100,000 live births by 2010 and 75 by 2015; and achieving

8446-562: The other for almost 30 years. The end of the military rule culminated in a new era of regular elections as well as the return of civil liberties, a free press, and an end to arbitrary arrests and maltreatment, although human rights violations still occur regularly. Nigeria democratized in 1999 with the start of the Fourth Republic, but has suffered some setbacks to becoming fully democratic. Elites in Nigeria have been found to have more power and influence than average citizens, and as

8549-455: The period before independence. (2) Local legislation (comprising enactments of the Nigerian legislatures from colonial period to date). There were other sources which, though subsumed in Nigerian legislations, were distinctly imported into the Nigerian legal systems. They are called the criminal and penal codes of Nigeria. Nigerian legislation may be classified as follows: The colonial era until 1960, post-independence legislation 1960–1966,

8652-520: The policy is improvement in women's health, newborns, children, and adolescents. Below is the National Summary of the 1991 population census, which used the de facto method. The growth rate of 2.83% per annum was used to project the population to 1996, giving a mid-year population of 102.5 million in 1996. Below is the national summary of the 2006 national population census, which used the de facto method. The annual exponential growth rate

8755-410: The poverty and lack of development of the north of Nigeria which is predominantly Muslim. The impact of Boko Haram on Nigeria has been devastating, over 37,000 individuals have died due to their terrorist attacks since 2011, and over 200,000 Nigerians have been displaced. Boko Haram was responsible for the kidnapping of hundreds of school girls in 2014, triggering the #BringBackOurGirls movement across

8858-556: The president extends to the maintenance of the provisions of the constitution, acts of the national assembly and on items on which the national assembly has power for the time being to make law. The president is elected to see that the Nigerian Constitution is enacted and that the legislation is applied to the people. The elected president is also in charge of the nation's armed forces and can serve no more than two four-year elected terms. The current president of Nigeria

8961-639: The protectorate for the first years of British rule. Lugard's attempts to institute poll taxes were foiled by the Emirates, the need to introduce coin controversy and attempts to tax trade were opposed by powerful merchants. This created a substantial deficit in the budget of the Protectorate and public works projects had to be paid by grants from the British Empire. As a result, the British often had significant shortages of British personnel before 1907. These pragmatic concerns resulted in incorporation of

9064-408: The public that should be readily available. Journalism and the media in Nigeria are somewhat free, they are allowed to function independently from the government, but oftentimes those who criticize public figures or offices are arrested or censored. A mafia-like organisation, Black Axe, is involved in international corruption using especially on-line fraud, as reported in BBC article. Religious freedom

9167-537: The public's ability to express their views even if they disagree without the government without fearing a negative reaction from the government. The Nigerian government was rated moderately on people's ability to assemble, ability to work with human rights, and the existence of unions. The judiciary was rated as moderately free from the government, and lacking in due process in trials and equal treatment of all members of society. People in Nigeria do not have great freedom of movement, and are often subjected to curfews set by

9270-423: The public. The legislative process consists of bills being drafted and presented in either of the two chambers. These bills can only become national law once they are approved by the president of Nigeria who can veto bills. The president of the Senate is currently Ahmed Ibrahim Lawan , who was elected to the senate in 2007, and the speaker of the House is Femi Gbajabiamila , who has been Nigeria's 9th speaker of

9373-514: The purpose, and refused to be counted. The census suffered gross under enumeration. The 1962 population census complied with the principle of simultaneity, and held in May 1962. It was widely publicized but politicized, thus, the government rejected the figures and a rerun was held in 1963. The result of the figures were even contested at the Supreme Court, which ruled it lacked jurisdiction for administrative functions of government. Population figures at

9476-563: The re-run of 1963, the population of the North increased by 8.5 million, bringing the population of the North to 31 million. The increase in Nigeria's population by 24 million in 10 years made the 1973 census controversial. Many argued that it was inaccurate, and rigged for political and ethnic reasons. Even though the census report was incomplete, the population figures were put at 79,760,000. < https://punchng.com/tinubu-swears-in-npc-commissioners-for-ogun-osun /> Federal Government of Nigeria The federal government of Nigeria

9579-442: The third Schedule to the Constitution, and Births, Deaths, etc. (Compulsory Registration) Act, CAP B9, LFN 2004. The Commission has the statutory powers to collect, analyse and disseminate population and demographic data in the country. It is also mandated to undertake demographic sample surveys, compile, collate and publish migration and civil registration statistics as well as monitor the country's population policy. Prior to 1979,

9682-477: The time determined a lot: employment into the federal civil service, revenue allocation, and number of a region's seats in parliament. The final results were unreleased but initial reports showed the North were 22.5 million from 16.5 million in 1952 – an increase of 30 percent. The population of the East had increased by 200 percent and the West by 70 percent. This meant the North had lost its majority by population. In

9785-603: The traditional authorities within the British structure. These same financial and administrative challenges resulted in discussions led by Lugard for the unification of the Lagos Colony , the Southern Nigeria Protectorate , and Northern Nigeria. The disparities between the protectorates was to be corrected by creating a central administration in Lagos, with custom revenues from the south paying for

9888-477: The two chambers of the legislature: the House of Representatives and the Senate . The legislative branch of Nigeria is responsible for and possesses powers to legislate laws. Together, the two chambers form the law-making body in Nigeria, called the National Assembly, which serves as a check on the executive arm of government. The National Assembly of Nigeria (NASS) is the democratically elected body that represents

9991-553: The vice governor. The Company moved in-land and negotiated trade agreements and political agreements, sometimes coercive, with several local chieftains. In 1897, Frederick Lugard was the appointed head of the West African Frontier Force which was tasked with stopping Fulani resistance and possible French incursions in the northwest area. On 1 January 1900, the Royal Niger Company's charter

10094-500: Was 3.18 percent, between the period of the two Censuses of 1991 and 2006 which was 14 years and 4 months. The sex ratio (number of males per 100 females in the population) was approximately 103 at the national level. Eze Festus Odimegwu who was appointed Chairman, National Population Commission (NPC), in June 2012, He made several unguarded statements amongst which was his condemnation of the census of 2006. He also said Nigeria has never had

10197-538: Was achieved from the British in 1960. Parties allow for political competition to take place, for the citizenry to find people who represent their ideas and interests in government, and for the introduction of new leaders and perspectives into Nigerian life. Many Nigerians do not understand the political party system because there are so many options and their platforms are unclear to the public. This remains an issue in Nigeria because it marginalizes those who are uneducated or uninvolved in government. Also, there seems to be

10300-442: Was also not gazetted for reasons of falsification of figures for political and ethnic advantages. The 1991 Census employed the principle of simultaneity. It was scientifically conducted, accepted, and gazetted. The first population and housing census held in 2006. It employed the use of GPS and satellite imagery to mark-out Geo-referenced enumeration areas. Rising poverty and crime rate necessitated Nigeria's first population policy in

10403-528: Was ended on 1 January 1914, when its area was unified with the Southern Nigeria Protectorate and the Lagos Colony , becoming the Northern Province of the Colony and Protectorate of Nigeria . The Berlin Conference of 1884 and 1885 provided the area that would become the Northern Nigeria Protectorate to the British. The Royal Niger Company was formed in 1886 with George Taubman Goldie as

10506-415: Was revoked and the British government took control, in a ceremony where Lugard read the proclamation. The Royal Niger Company was paid £865,000 and was given the rights to half of all mining revenue in a large part of the areas for 99 years in exchange for ceding the territory to the British government. Lord Lugard was appointed the High Commissioner of the newly created Northern Nigeria Protectorate. Lokoja

10609-595: Was the capital from 1900, but Zungeru became the headquarters for the protectorate in 1902 because it was the most northerly city accessible by river transport. Military operations began in 1902 and continued for about five years of sporadic fighting. The remnants of the Bornu Empire were conquered in 1902 and the Sokoto Caliphate and was defeated in the Battle of Kano . Fighting continued in 1904 in Bassa . In 1906,

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