The Rafidain List or Al Rafidain National List (or Mesopotamia List) is the name of the list that is used by Assyrian Democratic Movement during the Iraqi elections, headed by Yunadam Kanna .
61-755: At the 2005 parliamentary elections, the NRL got with 36,255 votes (0.4%) and one seat. The National Rafidain List was ahead in Australia and came in a close second in the US. For the 2018 Iraqi parliamentary election , ADM decided to also include the Assyrian Patriotic Party in the list as well, and won one seat. This Assyrian -related article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . This article about an Iraqi political party or organization
122-733: A 50% quota for female candidates for Congress. Under the 2016 peace agreement brokered between the Colombian government and the FARC rebel group , five seats in the Senate and five seats in the House of Representatives are reserved for former FARC combatants. Due to treaties signed by the United States in 1830 and 1835, two Native American tribes (the Cherokee and Choctaw ) each hold
183-583: A group. Each voter of a GRC casts a ballot for a team of candidates, and not for individual candidates. The original stated purpose of GRCs was to guarantee a minimum representation of minorities in Parliament and ensure that there would always be a multiracial Parliament instead of one made up of a single race. The office of President will be reserved for a particular racial group (Chinese, Malay and Indian/other minority) — if that community has not been represented for five presidential terms. Since 2008, in
244-702: A joint list with the Iraqi Communist Party , called the Alliance towards Reforms . This built on previous collaboration with the Communists since 2016, when they held joint protests in Baghdad against corruption and sectarianism in government. Within the Kurdish parties, there had been significant changes since the previous election with the death of both Jalal Talabani , the long-time leader of
305-608: A manual recount of the results on 6 June 2018. On 10 June 2018, a storage site in Baghdad housing roughly half of the ballots from the May parliamentary election caught fire. In October 2018, Adil Abdul-Mahdi was selected as prime minister five months after the elections. This election would be the last held under the Webster/Sainte-Laguë method of proportional representation , as electoral reforms passed in 2019 amid
366-563: A new prime minister who hadn't been in government before. Abadi announced on 13 September 2018 that he would respect this call and not run for a second term as prime minister. The vote for the president took place on 2 October. Previously, the president had always been a member of the second-largest Kurdish party, the Patriotic Union of Kurdistan , under an agreement with the Kurdistan Democratic Party whereby
427-499: A single representative represents more than one group (there is only one representative for both Czechs and Slovaks ). The Republic of Cyprus is full of reserved political positions. Due to its nature as a bi-communal republic, certain posts are always appropriated among Greek Cypriots and Turkish Cypriots . For example, the president is chosen from the Greek Cypriot community by using separate electoral rolls, whereas
488-518: A speaker in a secret ballot, with candidates from each of the rival blocs. Muhammad al-Halbusi, a Sunni Arab (as per the Iraqi tradition of muḥāṣaṣah ) but backed by Fatah was elected. At the same time, violent protests occurred in Basra and other cities in the south over polluted water—which had hospitalised tens of thousands of people—and the lack of reliable electricity. Religious leaders called for
549-609: Is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . 2018 Iraqi parliamentary election Haider al-Abadi Victory Alliance Adil Abdul-Mahdi Independent Parliamentary elections were held in Iraq on 12 May 2018. The elections decided the 329 members of the Council of Representatives , the country's unicameral legislature , who in turn will elect the Iraqi president and prime minister . The Iraqi parliament ordered
610-482: Is most important. All voters, including Māori, are deemed to be on the same master roll in terms of voting for party lists . During the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan , the constitution guaranteed at least 64 delegates to be female in the lower house of the bicameral National Assembly ("The elections law shall adopt measures to attain, through the electorate system, general and fair representation for all
671-519: The 2019–2021 Iraqi protests created a district-based system, and sought to have representatives represent more local voices (as opposed to the entire governorate they were previously elected from), reduce deadlocks resulting from inconclusive coalition talks, as well as stop infighting amongst list members and a myriad of small lists from siphoning off votes and failing to meet the electoral threshold. It would also prevent parties from running on unified lists, which had previously led some to easily sweep all
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#1732791972119732-627: The Council of Representatives voted on 11 February 2018, to add an extra seat for minorities, in the Wasit Governorate for Feyli Kurds , making the total number of parliamentarians equal to 329. In January, the Supreme Court ruled that the representation for Yazidis should be increased, although it is unclear whether this change will be implemented in time for these elections. The Independent High Electoral Commission announced that Iraqis living outside of Iraq can vote in any of
793-522: The Decision Alliance ( Muttahidoon ) as an alliance of these six electoral coalitions would constitute a majority that could form a government. Al-Sadr announced on 12 June that he had formed an alliance with Fatah , while maintaining an alliance with Al-Wataniya . Prime Minister Abadi later met with Al Sadr on 23 June. Al Sadr afterwards announced he had formed "a cross-sectarian, cross-ethnic alliance" with Abadi and that it would speed up
854-594: The Hashd al-Shaabi (Popular Mobilization Forces), mainly Shiite Arab militias who fought alongside the Iraqi army to defeat Daesh from 2014 to 2017, formed an alliance to contest the election. The Fatah Alliance included the Badr Organisation , Asa'ib Ahl al-Haq , Kata'ib Hezbollah and Kata'ib al-Imam Ali —all key components of the Hashd. The Badr Organisation, headed by Hadi Al-Amiri , which had 22 seats,
915-721: The Highland Aborigine people and the Lowland Aborigine people . 10 seats out of 105 seats in Parliament are reserved for women. In the Parliament of Rwanda , a minimum of 30% of elected members of the 26-member Senate must be women. In the 80-member Chamber of Deputies , 24 of these seats are reserved for women, elected through a joint assembly of local government officials; another 3 seats are reserved for youth and disabled members. Partly resulting from this arrangement, 45 female deputies were elected to
976-594: The Legislative Yuan of Taiwan , of the total 34 seats of party-list proportional representation , at least half of the party-nominated candidates must be reserved for women. For example, if one party elected 3 candidates of the party-list in the Legislative Yuan, 2 of them must be women. Along with this, since the 1970s six seats are reserved for the indigenous people of Taiwan . There are two constituencies consisting of three seats each reserved for
1037-576: The Lords Spiritual . 50 seats out of 350 in the Parliament are reserved for women. China's National People's Congress (NPC) includes special delegations for the military of China (the single largest NPC delegation (≈9%)) and Taiwan (a region it claims but does not control). 55 minority ethnic groups are recognized in China and each has as at least one delegate, though they belong to normal region delegations. Additionally, from 1954 to 1974,
1098-1006: The Mandatory Palestine , at the third election ( 1931 ) of its Assembly of Representatives , there were three curiae, for the Ashkenazi Jews , the Sephardi Jews and for the Yemeni Jews . While the Palestinian Authority makes no reservations within the Palestinian Legislative Council (there were reserved seats for Christians and Samaritans in the electoral law for the 1996 Palestinian general election ), certain positions in local government are guaranteed to certain minority groups, in order to retain particular traditional cultural influence and diversity. For example,
1159-514: The Muttahidoon (Uniters for Reform), called for a further six month's delay to allow displaced voters to return to their homes. A Sunni Arab MP described holding the elections at this time as a " military coup against the political process ". However, the Supreme Court ruled that delaying the elections would be unconstitutional. Members of the Council of Representatives are elected through
1220-797: The Muttahidoon coalition including the al-Hal Party and formed various alliances in the name of the provinces they ran in, such as Salahuddin Our Identity in Saladin Governorate , and Anbar Our Identity in Al Anbar Governorate and Baghdad Alliance in Baghdad . Within the nonsectarian parties who aim to establish a civil state, the main alliance formed is the Civilized Alliance , led by Faiq Al Sheikh Ali , which currently has 4 seats. The alliance consists of four liberal, non-sectarian, national parties,
1281-508: The Māori electorates – that are reserved for representatives of the Māori people . Māori electorates were introduced in 1867, but have undergone several changes since then. Māori may enrol either in a Māori electorate or on the general roll, but not both. Since 1967 there has not been any specific requirement for candidates in Māori electorates to be Māori themselves, and anyone on either the Māori roll or
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#17327919721191342-662: The National Assembly . The Parliament of the Brussels-Capital Region in Belgium includes 17 reserved seats for the Flemish minority, on a total of 89, but there are no separate electorates. Croatia reserves eight seats from the minorities and three for citizens living abroad in its parliament . There are three seats for Serbs , one for Italians , and a few more for other ethnic groups, where
1403-552: The Patriotic Union of Kurdistan , the second largest party, and the opposition leader Nawshirwan Mustafa . In September 2017, Barham Salih, a former prime minister of Iraqi Kurdistan and deputy leader of the PUK, announced that he was leaving the party and forming a new opposition party—the Coalition for Democracy and Justice. The party was seen to have the potential to change the Kurdish political landscape. He said he hoped to gather all
1464-666: The People's Party for Reform , the Al-Etifak National Party, the National Civil Movement and Iraq's National Movement, and includes a number of independent figures. The Civil Democratic Alliance are also running in the elections as another major civil party. Of the 329 seats in parliament, five are reserved for the country's Christian minority. One reserved seat is allotted for each of five governorates: Baghdad, Duhok, Erbil, Kirkuk and Nineveh. At
1525-650: The Senate for Seminoles . These positions were never filled, however, and the provision was removed following the adoption of the Florida Constitution of 1885 . Fiji used to provide for the election of specific numbers of Members of Parliament on the basis of three racially defined constituencies: the indigenous Fijians , the Fijian Indians and the "General" electorate. There are currently seven New Zealand Parliament constituencies – known as
1586-568: The Supreme Court . In a ruling on 21 June, the court upheld the full manual recount but struck down the cancellation of internally-displaced and overseas voters. The final results were released on 9 August, with only minor changes affecting five candidates and two parties. On 8 June 2018, a formal agreement was signed by the leaders of the Alliance towards Reforms ( Saairun ) and the National Coalition ( Wataniya ) to become
1647-431: The open list form of party-list proportional representation , using the 18 governorates of Iraq as the constituencies. The counting system uses the modified Sainte-Laguë method with a divisor of 1.7 which is considered as a disadvantage to smaller parties. Eight seats remain reserved for minority groups at the national level : five for Assyrians and one each for Mandaeans , Yazidis , and Shabaks . However,
1708-451: The president to the House of Representatives before the application of the party-list system . Group Representation Constituency (GRC) was created in 1988. GRC scheme entrenches the presence of minority MPs in Parliament, ensuring that interests of minority communities are represented in Parliament. In a GRC, a number of candidates comes together to stand for elections to Parliament as
1769-482: The vice president is chosen by the Turkish Cypriot community, using their own separate electoral rolls. Similarly 70% of the parliament are chosen from Greek Cypriots whereas 30% are chosen by and from Turkish Cypriots. In the Supreme Court, there should be one Greek, One Turkish and one neutral foreign judge. The Folketing consists of 179 representatives; including two from Greenland and a further two from
1830-1224: The 130 voting stations that were set up in 21 countries. 18 of the stations were in the United States , 15 in Sweden , 15 in Turkey , 14 in Iran , 13 in Jordan , 8 in the United Kingdom , 8 in Australia , 7 in Germany , 7 in Canada , 5 in Egypt , 4 in Denmark , 2 in Lebanon , and one each in France , Syria , Finland , Belgium , Austria , Norway , and New Zealand . A curfew was declared by prime minister Al-Abadi from midnight Friday to 7 pm Saturday in all governorates except Baghdad , where
1891-647: The Christian Armenian community, and one seat each is reserved for the Assyrian and Chaldean Catholic , Jewish , and Zoroastrian communities. Jordan has reserved seats for women, Christians , Circassians , Chechens , and Bedouins. Lebanon specifies the religious affiliation of several of its high officers, such as the President ( Maronite ), the Prime Minister ( Sunni Muslim) and
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1952-576: The Faroe Islands. The Assembly of the Republic of Kosovo has 120 directly elected members; 20 are reserved for national minorities as follows: Albanian is the official language of the majority, but all languages of minorities such as Serbian, Turkish and Bosnian are used, with simultaneous interpretation . The National Assembly of Slovenia has 88 members elected by party-list proportional representation . Another two seats are elected by
2013-473: The General roll can stand as a candidate. Technically, therefore, these seats should not be described as "reserved" as there is no legal or constitutional guarantee that the successful candidate will themselves be of Māori descent. So far, however, every MP from a Māori electorate has been Māori. Also to note, is that under New Zealand's mixed-member proportional (MMP) electoral system, it is the party vote that
2074-653: The Italian and Hungarian ethnic minorities using the Borda count . Political parties are permitted to restrict the selection of their candidates in constituencies to a specific gender under the Sex Discrimination (Election Candidates) Act 2002 ; to date, only the Labour Party utilises the law. The UK also reserves 26 seats in the House of Lords for Church of England bishops , who together are known as
2135-524: The KDP would be president of Iraqi Kurdistan . However, the KDP fielded a separate candidate, Fuad Hussein , insisting that they had the right to the Presidency as the largest party. Both candidates went to a vote in the parliament, with the PUK's Barham Salih winning. He immediately nominated independent Shi'ite Adil Abdul-Mahdi , a former oil minister seen as acceptable to all parties and to both Iran and
2196-474: The NPC included a special delegation specifically for Overseas Chinese who returned to China. Hong Kong and Macau provide for constituencies which represent professional or special interest groups rather than geographical locations. Voters for the members representing these constituencies include both natural persons as well as non-human local entities, including organizations and corporations. India has seats in
2257-505: The Parliament in 2008, making the country the first and only independent country to possess a female majority in its national legislature. At least 20% of seats are required to be set aside for women in accordance with Article 66.1(b) of the Constitution. Currently 113 of 393 (28%) are set aside. The Ugandan constitution provides for a reserved woman's parliamentary seat from each of the 39 districts. The Argentine law requires for
2318-437: The Parliament's Speaker ( Shia Muslim). Every electoral district for the parliamentary elections includes a fixed number of the various religious communities. In the National Assembly of Pakistan , 60 seats are reserved for women and 10 for Non-Muslims . Some local legislatures in the Philippines has a reserved seat for indigenous cultural communities called "Indigenous People Mandatory Representation". These are elected by
2379-441: The Sunni Arab parties, the main Uniters for Reform Coalition ( Muttahidoon ), led by Osama al-Nujaifi , which won 23 seats in 2014, is running again, although the Iraqi Islamic Party , led by Speaker of Parliament Salim Jabouri , has left this coalition to join up with former prime minister Ayad Allawi 's Al-Wataniya and Salah al-Mutlak 's Al-Arabiya . The combined list was called Al-Wataniya . Other parties as well have left
2440-518: The United States, as prime minister-designate. Reserved political positions In government , several constitutional arrangements use reserved political positions , especially when endeavoring to ensure the rights of women, minorities or other segments of society, or preserving a political balance of power . Since the 2015 Armenian constitutional referendum , electoral law requires that four seats for ethnic minorities (one Russians , Yezidis , Assyrians and Kurds each) are allocated in
2501-434: The curfew started at noon Friday. A 24-hour closure of all airports and other border crossing was also implemented. The Iraqi airspace was open later on the day as well as the lifting of the curfew. Election day in Iraq was extremely successful from a security aspect, as no attacks were registered anywhere in the country. Seats are allocated to governorates as follows: Source: A total of 6,904 candidates participated in
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2562-412: The elections, representing parties: As of 26 December 2017, a total of 204 parties had registered to contest the elections. The deadline for registering coalitions was 11 January 2018. A total of 27 coalitions were registered by the deadline, grouping 143 political parties, with registered parties not part of a coalition also free to contest separately. The ruling State of Law Coalition , which won
2623-417: The formation of a new government. Abadi also announced that the new alliance between his Victory Alliance's and Al Sadr's Alliance towards Reforms "is not in contrast to any other alliances either of the two lists have previously entered into with other blocs, rather, it flows in the same direction and same principles." The final results of the election were announced on 9 August, starting the process to form
2684-533: The government. Parliament convened on 3 September, but were unable to elect a speaker due to rivalries between two blocs who both claimed to be the largest coalition, entitled to nominate the prime minister. Al-Abadi presented an alliance with Saairun, Wataniya, Hikma and other smaller lists who between then held a majority of seats. However, Fatah also claimed to have a majority, based on an alliance with State of Law and with members of Abadi's coalition who had defected. Two weeks later parliament reconvened and elected
2745-423: The impaired and handicapped, as well as two from nomads. The President shall appoint fifty percent of these individuals from amongst women." East Germany reserved seats in the Volkskammer for representatives of women, trade unions and youth organisations. During the 1920s and 1930s there was a system of separate electoral curiae for Muslim and Jewish electors in Greece , with reserved seats. During
2806-451: The indigenous people themselves. The Local Government Code also calls for reserved seats in local legislatures for women, workers, and one from the urban poor, indigenous cultural communities, disabled people and other sectors, but for these seats, no law, except for the indigenous cultural communities, has passed on how these seats will be filled up. In Congress , no seats are reserved, although sectoral representatives were appointed by
2867-410: The largest bloc in the Council of Representatives . The bloc is calling for economic reform , consolidation of democracy , and political decentralization . A spokesman for Wataniya said that the agreement would be a prelude to other forces joining the alliance, and that serious talks were underway with the National Wisdom Movement ( Hikma ), the Kurdistan Democratic Party , the Fatah Alliance , and
2928-425: The last election in 2014 with 92 seats, contested the election with two separate coalitions. Prime Minister Haider al-Abadi entered the election as head of a coalition called " Victory " (a reference to the victory over Daesh); his predecessor, Vice President Nouri al-Maliki , headed the State of Law list. Members of the Dawa Party , which they both come from, were free to support either list. Leading members of
2989-561: The lower house of parliament, state assemblies, local municipal bodies and village-level institutions reserved for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes , better-known as Dalits and Adivasis respectively. The election of Dalit and tribal candidates is by the general electorate. Out of 543 constituencies in India's parliament, a total of 131 seats (24.13%) are Reserved or blocked for Representatives from Scheduled Castes (84) and Scheduled Tribes (47) only. A new law in 2024, Nari Shakti Vandan Adhiniyam proposes 33% reserved seats for women in
3050-451: The mayor of Bethlehem is required to be a Christian , even though the city itself currently has a Muslim majority. Syria enjoyed an electoral system like Lebanon's, at least for the parliamentary elections, up to 1949, when the subdivisions among each religion were suppressed, then there were only reserved seats for Christians up to 1963, when the Ba'athist regime suppressed free elections. Historically, Zimbabwe reserved 20 of
3111-426: The oil-rich city of Kirkuk . Nonetheless, Iraqi politicians called for dialogue with the Iraqi Kurdistan government and force them to formally annul the results. The elections were originally scheduled for September 2017, but were delayed by six months due to the civil war with the Islamic State which ended in December 2017 with the recapture of their remaining territories. The largest Sunni Arab majority coalition,
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#17327919721193172-489: The other opposition parties, including Gorran and Komal , to challenge the governing KDP –PUK alliance. The three parties formed a coalition called Nishtiman (Homeland) to run in the elections. The ruling KDP–PUK alliance have agreed to run again as a single list and all the Kurdish parties in Kirkuk have discussed running as a single list. However, the KDP announced they would boycott elections in Kirkuk and other areas they described as "under military occupation". Within
3233-408: The parliament and legislative assemblies of India. This is different from separate electorate practiced in other countries. Many Indian states, like have had parliamentary reserved seats for the Anglo-Indian community, as did the Lok Sabha until 2020. Iran reserves a fixed number of seats in the Majlis for certain recognized non- Muslim ethnoreligious groups. To wit, two seats are reserved for
3294-487: The people of the country, and proportionate to the population of very province, on average, at least two females shall be the elected members of the House of People from each province."), while Kochi nomads elected 10 representatives through a single national constituency. Moreover, "one third of the members ( of the House of Elders ) shall be appointed by the President, for a five-year term, from amongst experts and experienced personalities, including two members from amongst
3355-467: The results after the PUK was indicated to have won the province. After the High Electoral Commission announced the results, there were claims of widespread fraud linked to the electronic counting of votes. The Council of Representatives held an emergency session and passed an amendment to the electoral law that cancelled the votes of internally-displaced and overseas voters and mandated a full manual recount for all other votes. The Commission appealed to
3416-410: The right to a non-voting delegate in the House of Representatives . As of 2019, only the Cherokee Nation has ever attempted to exercise that right. The Maine House of Representatives reserves three non-voting positions for the Passamaquoddy , Maliseet , and Penobscot . The Reconstructionist 1868 Florida Constitution allocated one seat in the state House of Representatives and one in
3477-489: The seats in a particular governorate. The elections took place six months after a non-binding independence referendum in Iraqi Kurdistan , in which 93% voted in favour of independence. In retaliation, the Iraqi government led by Haider al-Abadi closed Erbil International Airport , seized control of all border crossings between Kurdistan and neighbouring countries and, with the help of the Hashd al-Shaabi militias, militarily seized control of disputed territories, including
3538-561: The time of voting, only about 200,000 Christians remained in the country. In early May 2018, ISIL claimed to have assassinated Faruq Zarzur al-Juburi, a candidate in the Iraqi elections. The attack reportedly took place in Mosul, outside al-Juburi's house. This was later on proven to be false; due to a family dispute, the candidate was killed by his son. On election day, a roadside bomb in Kirkuk killed six members of Tribal Mobilization ( ar ) (a pro-government Sunni tribal force) and injured three police officers. One Iraqi border guard
3599-455: Was killed by a bomb in the outskirts of Khanaqin in Diyala on 13 May. Two offices linked to Muqtada al-Sadr in Maysan were bombed on 15 May but there were no casualties since both offices were empty at the time. It is still unclear whether the attacks were a response to the parliamentary gains in the election made by Sadr's coalition. On 16 May, a polling station in Kirkuk was reportedly under siege by gunmen pressuring them to change
3660-438: Was leaving the veteran Shiite Islamist party, the Islamic Supreme Council of Iraq -– which he had led since the death of his father, Abdul Aziz al-Hakim –- and forming a new "non-Islamic national movement" called the National Wisdom Movement (al-Hikma). All but five of the 29 MPs from the Citizens Alliance joined Al-Hikma. The remaining members of the Citizen Alliance joined the Fatah Alliance . Muqtada al-Sadr announced
3721-428: Was previously part of the ruling State of Law Coalition from which it announced its withdrawal in December 2017. The Fatah Alliance agreed to run jointly with al-Abadi's Nasr al-Iraq (Victory of Iraq) list, but the agreement fell apart after only 24 hours, reportedly over Abadi's conditions. Ammar al-Hakim , the leader of the Citizen Alliance , the third largest bloc in parliament, announced in July 2017 that he
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