NATO uses a system of code names , called reporting names , to denote military aircraft and other equipment used by post-Soviet states , former Warsaw Pact countries, China , and other countries. The system assists military communications by providing short, one or two-syllable names, as alternatives to the precise proper names , which may be easily confused under operational conditions or are unknown in the Western world .
29-549: The National Reconstruction Bureau ( Reporting name : NRB ) of Pakistan was an independent and constitutionally established federal institution tasked with economic recovery and prosperous development through the local government system. It was dissolved in May 2011. The NRB formulated public policy matters for the development of local economic independence, local government system evaluation and generate fundamental thought on promoting good governance to strengthen democracy through
58-672: A bomber aircraft refers to the Tupolev Tu-95 , or "Fulcrum" for the Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-29 fighter aircraft. For fixed-wing aircraft, one-syllable names are used for propeller aircraft and two-syllable names for aircraft with jet engines. This distinction is not made for helicopters. Before the 1980s, reporting names for submarines were taken from the NATO spelling alphabet . Modifications of existing designs were given descriptive terms, such as " Whiskey Long Bin ". From
87-517: Is a formal military organisation, consisting of the " Five Eyes " countries, Australia , Canada , New Zealand , the United Kingdom and United States . The organisation is responsible for enhancing Air Force interoperability amongst member nations' Air Forces. The use of the term " Five Eyes " stems from the informal name for the intelligence sharing network consisting of Australia, Canada, New Zealand, United Kingdom and United States. It
116-711: The FATA region in Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa Province . The war torn areas in Western Pakistan , the unplanned and illegal housing caused major disturbances in planned traffic systems and cities. In 1999, President Pervez Musharraf took the recommendation from Pakistan Army and his government to established the National Reconstruction Bureau (NRB) for quick economic recovery and development in war-torn areas. The proposal
145-780: The " Five Eyes Air Force Interoperability Council " (AFIC). The "Five Eyes" AFIC identifies and resolves current and future air force interoperability challenges by leveraging collective expertise. In a nutshell, AFIC enhances "Five Eyes" air power by delivering improved air force interoperability. AFIC does this by facilitating working groups to address identified interoperability friction in "Five Eyes" air operations. These working groups seek to generate mutually agreed " Air Standards " (AIRSTDS) which can be applied to "Five Eyes" Air Forces' operations and incorporated into National air publications and doctrine. Additionally, AFIC shares information on "Five Eyes" tactics, training and procedures (TTPs) through " Information Publications "; facilitates
174-644: The 1980s, new designs were given names derived from Russian words, such as " Akula ", or "shark". These names did not correspond to the Soviet names. Coincidentally, "Akula", which was assigned to an attack submarine by NATO, was the actual Soviet name for the ballistic missile submarine NATO named " Typhoon-class ". The NATO names for submarines of the People's Republic of China are taken from Chinese dynasties . Five Eyes Air Force Interoperability Council The Five Eyes Air Force Interoperability Council (AFIC)
203-513: The NATO names, preferring a native Russian nickname. An exception was that Soviet airmen appreciated the MiG-29 's codename "Fulcrum", as an indication of its pivotal role in Soviet air defence. To reduce the risk of confusion, unusual or made-up names are allocated, the idea being that the names chosen are unlikely to occur in normal conversation and are easier to memorise. For fixed-wing aircraft,
232-580: The NRB. This Organization is now stands defunct by the Government of Pakistan and merged with Prime Minister's Secretariat as Policy Implementation Wing. During the 1980-1990s, the country had seen a rapid rise of the illegal immigration from Afghanistan , Eastern Europe, Iran , Bangladesh , Burma, and other countries. The outcomes of the civil war in Afghanistan had damaged the planned cities of
261-420: The National Reconstruction Bureau (NRB), was "neither workable nor practically possible". The ARD demanded that any restructuring of the system should be left to the elected representatives. The ARD alliance was divided when half of the political parties rejected the NRB plan for reconstruction while other half showed its support to NRB and admitted that the "new system is better than the one which had been given by
290-406: The National Reconstruction Bureau." On 6 August 2000, over three dozen parties which took part in the all-party conference had rejected the NRB plan. While other three dozen parties marked the NRB's proposal as "it was better was "practicable." Meanwhile, President Musharraf reconcile the matter between Interior ministry and NRB at the high level meeting over the economic recovery plans. The Bureau
319-512: The WG, in addition to various " Subject Matter Experts " (SMEs) who help to tackle the specific interoperability issues that have been identified. Finally, each nation has a " National Program Manager " (NPM) who is responsible to their respective ND for their own national AFIC program, and coordinating their HoD and SME support to the Working Groups. They also provide administrative support to
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#1732790497066348-598: The aircraft's close air support role. Transports have names starting with "C" (for "cargo"), resulting in names like "Condor" for the Antonov An-124 or "Candid" for the Ilyushin Il-76 . The initial letter of the name indicates the use of that equipment. The alphanumeric designations (eg AA-2) are assigned by the Department of Defense . The first letter indicates the type of aircraft, e.g., "Bear" for
377-738: The capability for aircraft to be cross-serviced. In 1951, ASCC was expanded to include the US Navy , the Royal Australian Air Force joined in 1964 and the Royal New Zealand Air Force followed in 1965. Perhaps the most prominent role of ASCC/AFIC has been the creation and maintenance of the reporting names for aircraft from the Soviet Union / Russia , other Warsaw Pact countries and the People's Republic of China . These reporting names are used by
406-806: The government in May 2011. Reporting name The assignment of reporting names is managed by the Five Eyes Air Force Interoperability Council (AFIC), previously known as the Air Standardization Coordinating Committee (ASCC), which is separate from NATO . Based in Washington DC, AFIC comprises representatives from the militaries of three NATO members (Canada, the United Kingdom and United States) and two non-NATO countries (Australia and New Zealand). When
435-419: The loaning of equipment and materiel between nations for test and evaluation purposes; and, provides a management architecture to orchestrate stakeholder participation and deliver organisational outcomes. The AFIC management structure consists of a four-tiered system. " National Directors " (ND) are appointed at the 1 or 2-star officer level from each member nation. These NDs provide the strategic direction to
464-712: The militaries of NATO and other members of the broader western alliance . An external review of ASCC was undertaken in 2004 to examine the organisational processes and structures. As a result of this review, in 2005, ASCC was restructured, downsized and renamed the "Air and Space Interoperability Council" (ASIC). In 2016 the Air Chiefs of the "Five Eyes" nations recommended that in order to increase ASIC’s operational relevance, it should refresh its principles, refocus its activities, and consider updating its name. Following this review, in 2017, ASIC realigned itself to concentrate on Air Force interoperability and changed its name to
493-489: The number of syllables indicates the type of the aircraft's engine. Single-syllable code names denote reciprocating engine or turboprop , while two-syllable code names denote jet engine . Bombers have names starting with the letter "B", and names like "Badger" ( Tupolev Tu-16 ), "Blackjack" ( Tupolev Tu-160 ) and "Bear" ( Tupolev Tu-95 ) have been used. "Frogfoot", the reporting name for the Sukhoi Su-25 , references
522-533: The organisation and authorise the annual tasking and lines of operation for the Council. Additionally, these NDs will serve for 1-year as Chairperson, which rotates annually amongst the member nations. A Pentagon -based " Management Committee " (MC) oversees the day-to-day operation and performs the AFIC's management functions by implementing the mutually agreed strategic direction, chairing working groups and acting as
551-641: The plan and differed with him as he insisted to the proposal that the proposed police safety commission which would also have public representation. The massive commutative political alliance, ARD , led by Benazir Bhutto rejected the whole plan, as she termed it as "not workable". Its senior leader, Nasrullah Khan took punitive approach, pressing for quick elections, revival of assemblies rather than an acceleration in economic rehabilitation, demanding unconditional fulfilment of all prior reparation claims, and pressing for progress toward nationwide socioeconomic transformation. The ARD noted that devolution plan, given by
580-499: The primary conduit between the Council's operational tiers. The MC is typically established at the O-5 (OF4) level by representatives from each member nation, usually on a 3-year assignment. " Working Groups " (WGs) are established across warfighting and supporting functional areas to provide an operator-level approach to improve "Five Eyes" interoperability. Nations appoint a " Head of Delegation " (HoD) who represents their interests within
609-574: The reconstruction of institutions of state related to all aspects of governance and social welfare. Codified under the Article 89(1) (this is wrongly expressed as the Article 89(1) is for promulgation of Ordinance by the President of Pakistan, therefore it does not allow for notification of National Reconstruction Bureau, kindly correct the matter, by the Constitution of Pakistan , the institute
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#1732790497066638-520: The same names as the corresponding land-based systems, but the US DOD assigns a different series of numbers with a different suffix (i.e., SA-N- versus SA-) for these systems. The names are kept the same as a convenience. Where there is no corresponding system, a new name is devised. The Soviet Union did not always assign official "popular names" to its aircraft, but unofficial nicknames were common as in any air force . Generally, Soviet pilots did not use
667-513: The system was introduced in the 1950s, reporting names also implicitly designated potentially hostile aircraft. However, since the end of the Cold War, some NATO air forces have operated various aircraft types with reporting names (e.g. the "Fulcrum" Mikoyan MiG-29 ). The United States Department of Defense (DOD) expands on the NATO reporting names in some cases. NATO refers to surface-to-air missile systems mounted on ships or submarines with
696-406: Was brought in. This meant the decentralisation of many functions previously handled by the provincial governments to the districts and tehsils. Alongside administrative and political decentralisation, provisions have been made for transfer of funds to the local governments so they can carry out their planning and development functions effectively. The National Reconstruction Bureau was dissolved by
725-470: Was chaired by the chairman and directly reports to the Prime Minister of Pakistan on yearly basis. Established on 18 November 1999, its primary mission is to formulate public-level national policy for the nationwide reconstruction, economic development and recovery all over the nation. As of present, the institution is currently chaired by Dr. Asim Hussain as its appointed and designated chairman of
754-467: Was established on 18 November 1999 with the mission to formulate policy for national reconstruction. It is a focal organisation to generate fundamental thoughts on promoting good governance to strengthen democracy through reconstruction of institutions of State. The National Reconstruction Bureau formulated recommendations for reconstruction of Local Governments and the Police. Local Government Ordinance, 2001
783-845: Was previously known as the Air and Space Interoperability Council (ASIC) and the Air Standardization Coordinating Committee (ASCC). In 1948, following the end of World War II , the Air Standards Coordination Committee (ASCC) was formed by the Air Force Chiefs of Staff of Canada , the United Kingdom and the United States to further those nations' capabilities to conduct combined air operations and to provide each other with certain essential services, namely
812-643: Was promulgated by the provincial governments in August 2001. The Police Order, 2002 was promulgated on 14 August 2002 which replaced the Police Act, 1861. The Devolution Plan and Local Government Ordinances brought about a wholesale transformation in Pakistan's system of government, especially at the local level. Divisions were abolished, and instead a three-tier local government structure comprising three categories of local government – districts, tehsils and unions –
841-516: Was pushed forward by Pakistan Army when Lieutenant-General Tanveer Naqvi presented the plan at the cabinet-level meeting in Islamabad. General Naqvi suggested to President Musharraf that the " Police should be under the control of district mayors who would be an elected person and accountable before the district assembly." However, Interior Minister Lieutenant-General Moinuddin Haider objected
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