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80-428: The Nationalist Republican Alliance ( Spanish : Alianza Republicana Nacionalista , abbreviated ARENA ) is a conservative , center-right to right-wing political party of El Salvador . It was founded on 30 September 1981 by retired Salvadoran Army Major Roberto D'Aubuisson . It defines itself as a political institution constituted to defend the democratic , republican , and representative system of government,
160-691: A landslide victory for Nuevas Ideas, which won a majority of the legislative seats, mayors and municipal councils and PARLACEN deputies. When the 13th session of the Legislative Assembly began on 1 May 2021, Nuevas Ideas formed a supermajority government with the Grand Alliance for National Unity , the National Coalition Party , and the Christian Democratic Party . The 2021 election was
240-770: A Spanish-based creole language called Chavacano developed in the southern Philippines. However, it is not mutually intelligible with Spanish. The number of Chavacano-speakers was estimated at 1.2 million in 1996. The local languages of the Philippines also retain significant Spanish influence, with many words derived from Mexican Spanish , owing to the administration of the islands by Spain through New Spain until 1821, until direct governance from Madrid afterwards to 1898. 2021 Salvadoran legislative election Legislative elections were held in El Salvador on 18 February 2021. Salvadorans elected all 84 deputies of
320-603: A considerable number of words from Arabic , as well as a minor influence from the Germanic Gothic language through the period of Visigoth rule in Iberia. In addition, many more words were borrowed from Latin through the influence of written language and the liturgical language of the Church. The loanwords were taken from both Classical Latin and Renaissance Latin , the form of Latin in use at that time. According to
400-409: A director is chosen who works with a specific member of COENA. The director's role is to organize and co-ordinate electoral campaigns and help the councils form party structures in the municipalities of their departments. On 19 February 2013, Jorge Velado assumed the position as president of COENA, in a party leadership shake-up aimed at re-energizing a stale organization tainted by its association with
480-522: A dramatic change in the pronunciation of its sibilant consonants , known in Spanish as the reajuste de las sibilantes , which resulted in the distinctive velar [x] pronunciation of the letter ⟨j⟩ and—in a large part of Spain—the characteristic interdental [θ] ("th-sound") for the letter ⟨z⟩ (and for ⟨c⟩ before ⟨e⟩ or ⟨i⟩ ). See History of Spanish (Modern development of
560-482: A first language by Spaniards and educated Filipinos ( Ilustrados ). Despite a public education system set up by the colonial government, by the end of Spanish rule in 1898, only about 10% of the population had knowledge of Spanish, mostly those of Spanish descent or elite standing. Spanish continued to be official and used in Philippine literature and press during the early years of American administration after
640-478: A long history in the territory of the current-day United States dating back to the 16th century. In the wake of the 1848 Guadalupe Hidalgo Treaty , hundreds of thousands of Spanish speakers became a minoritized community in the United States. The 20th century saw further massive growth of Spanish speakers in areas where they had been hitherto scarce. According to the 2020 census, over 60 million people of
720-508: A primarily Hassaniya Arabic -speaking territory, Spanish was officially spoken as the language of the colonial administration during the late 19th and 20th centuries. Today, Spanish is present in the partially-recognized Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic as its secondary official language, and in the Sahrawi refugee camps in Tindouf ( Algeria ), where the Spanish language is still taught as
800-617: A second language features characteristics involving the variability of the vowel system. While far from its heyday during the Spanish protectorate in Morocco , the Spanish language has some presence in northern Morocco , stemming for example from the availability of certain Spanish-language media. According to a 2012 survey by Morocco's Royal Institute for Strategic Studies (IRES), penetration of Spanish in Morocco reaches 4.6% of
880-531: A second language, largely by Cuban educators. The number of Spanish speakers is unknown. Spanish is also an official language of the African Union . Spanish was an official language of the Philippines from the beginning of Spanish administration in 1565 to a constitutional change in 1973. During Spanish colonization , it was the language of government, trade, and education, and was spoken as
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#1732766199970960-658: A spike in homicides, Bukele ordered large-scale prison lockdowns and authorized the PNC to use lethal force against gang members. Although the country's homicide rate decreased from 36 homicides per 100,000 people in 2019 to 19.7 homicides per 100,000 people in 2020, both the El Faro digital newspaper and the United States Department of the Treasury alleged that Bukele's government had secretly negotiated with
1040-416: Is cognate to the root word of satisfacer ("to satisfy"), and hecho ("made") is similarly cognate to the root word of satisfecho ("satisfied"). Compare the examples in the following table: Some consonant clusters of Latin also produced characteristically different results in these languages, as shown in the examples in the following table: In the 15th and 16th centuries, Spanish underwent
1120-436: Is Latin in origin, including Latin borrowings from Ancient Greek. Alongside English and French , it is also one of the most taught foreign languages throughout the world. Spanish is well represented in the humanities and social sciences . Spanish is also the third most used language on the internet by number of users after English and Chinese and the second most used language by number of websites after English. Spanish
1200-674: Is a global language with about 500 million native speakers, mainly in the Americas and Spain , and about 600 million when including second language speakers. Spanish is the official language of 20 countries , as well as one of the six official languages of the United Nations . Spanish is the world's second-most spoken native language after Mandarin Chinese ; the world's fourth-most spoken language overall after English , Mandarin Chinese, and Hindustani ( Hindi - Urdu ); and
1280-399: Is estimated that about 486 million people speak Spanish as a native language , making it the second most spoken language by number of native speakers . An additional 75 million speak Spanish as a second or foreign language , making it the fourth most spoken language in the world overall after English, Mandarin Chinese, and Hindi with a total number of 538 million speakers. Spanish is also
1360-761: Is heavily influenced by Venezuelan Spanish. In addition to sharing most of its borders with Spanish-speaking countries, the creation of Mercosur in the early 1990s induced a favorable situation for the promotion of Spanish language teaching in Brazil . In 2005, the National Congress of Brazil approved a bill, signed into law by the President , making it mandatory for schools to offer Spanish as an alternative foreign language course in both public and private secondary schools in Brazil. In September 2016 this law
1440-844: Is spoken by very small communities in Angola due to Cuban influence from the Cold War and in South Sudan among South Sudanese natives that relocated to Cuba during the Sudanese wars and returned for their country's independence. Spanish is also spoken in the integral territories of Spain in Africa, namely the cities of Ceuta and Melilla and the Canary Islands , located in the Atlantic Ocean some 100 km (62 mi) off
1520-813: Is the de facto national language of the country, Spanish is often used in public services and notices at the federal and state levels. Spanish is also used in administration in the state of New Mexico . The language has a strong influence in major metropolitan areas such as those of Los Angeles , Miami , San Antonio , New York , San Francisco , Dallas , Tucson and Phoenix of the Arizona Sun Corridor , as well as more recently, Chicago , Las Vegas , Boston , Denver , Houston , Indianapolis , Philadelphia , Cleveland , Salt Lake City , Atlanta , Nashville , Orlando , Tampa , Raleigh and Baltimore-Washington, D.C. due to 20th- and 21st-century immigration. Although Spanish has no official recognition in
1600-488: Is the official Spanish language of the State. ... The other Spanish languages shall also be official in their respective Autonomous Communities... The Royal Spanish Academy ( Real Academia Española ), on the other hand, currently uses the term español in its publications. However, from 1713 to 1923, it called the language castellano . The Diccionario panhispánico de dudas (a language guide published by
1680-542: Is used as an official language by many international organizations , including the United Nations , European Union , Organization of American States , Union of South American Nations , Community of Latin American and Caribbean States , African Union , among others. In Spain and some other parts of the Spanish-speaking world, Spanish is called not only español but also castellano (Castilian),
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#17327661999701760-578: Is usually assumed to be derived from castillo ('castle'). In the Middle Ages , the language spoken in Castile was generically referred to as Romance and later also as Lengua vulgar . Later in the period, it gained geographical specification as Romance castellano ( romanz castellano , romanz de Castiella ), lenguaje de Castiella , and ultimately simply as castellano (noun). Different etymologies have been suggested for
1840-503: The Legislative Assembly (a loss of 8 seats), the opposition Nationalist Republican Alliance (ARENA) won 37 seats (an increase of 2 seats), and the remaining 23 seats were divided by other political parties. The 12th session of the Legislative Assembly began on 1 May 2018. ARENA formed a coalition government with the National Coalition Party (PCN); the two parties agreed that ARENA deputy Norman Quijano would serve as
1920-607: The Legislative Assembly , all 262 mayors of municipal councils of the country's municipalities , and all 20 of El Salvador's deputies to the Central American Parliament (PARLACEN). Ten political parties were allowed by the Supreme Electoral Court (TSE) to participate in the election. Opinion polling prior to the election indicated significant leads for Nuevas Ideas in the legislative and municipal elections. The election resulted in
2000-549: The Mara Salvatrucha (MS-13) and 18th Street (Barrio 18) criminal gangs to lower the country's homicide rate. Legislative elections were held in El Salvador two years after the 2019 presidential election and three years after the 2018 legislative election. The 84 deputies of the Legislative Assembly, 262 mayors and municipal councils of the country's municipalities (second-level subdivisions), and 20 deputies of
2080-652: The National Broad Front [ ru ] (FAN) opposed to the ruling Revolutionary Government Junta (JRG) and the preceding government of the National Conciliation Party (PCN). The party arose in response to "the insurgency of the Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front , FMLN, a group that united peasant farmers, unionists and intellectuals, which tried, through arms, to overthrow
2160-676: The Salvadoran Civil War . Its founding leader was Roberto D'Aubuisson , a former major in the Salvadoran Army who was most well-known for commanding various death squads and ordering the assassination of Archbishop Óscar Romero in 1980. At the time, ARENA was considered to be a far-right political party. The party's initial membership primarily consisted of members of the Salvadoran Nationalist Movement [ ru ] (MNS) and
2240-568: The Spanish as a First Foreign Language (SAFFL) initiative in March 2005. Spanish has historically had a significant presence on the Dutch Caribbean islands of Aruba , Bonaire and Curaçao ( ABC Islands ) throughout the centuries and in present times. The majority of the populations of each island (especially Aruba) speaking Spanish at varying although often high degrees of fluency. The local language Papiamentu (Papiamento on Aruba)
2320-508: The Spanish–American War but was eventually replaced by English as the primary language of administration and education by the 1920s. Nevertheless, despite a significant decrease in influence and speakers, Spanish remained an official language of the Philippines upon independence in 1946, alongside English and Filipino , a standardized version of Tagalog . Spanish was briefly removed from official status in 1973 but reimplemented under
2400-605: The country's 14 departments (first-level subdivisions), the 262 mayors and municipal councils were elected in one constituency each, and the 20 deputies of the Central American Parliament were elected from one nationwide constituency. Political parties had to be registered with the Supreme Electoral Court to be able to participate in the election. The following table shows the ten political parties which were eligible to participate in
2480-483: The president of the Legislative Assembly from 1 May 2018 to 1 December 2019 and that PCN deputy Mario Ponce would serve from 1 December 2019 to 1 May 2021. The 2019 presidential election was held on 3 February 2019. The presidential candidates were: Carlos Calleja of ARENA, Hugo Martínez of the FMLN, Josué Alvarado of Vamos , and Nayib Bukele of the Grand Alliance for National Unity (GANA). Although ARENA and
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2560-474: The social market economy system and nationalism . ARENA controlled the National Assembly of El Salvador until 1985, and its party leader Alfredo Cristiani was elected to the presidency in 1989 . ARENA controlled the presidency from 1989 until 2009 . The party gained a plurality in the Legislative Assembly in 2012. The Nationalist Republican Alliance was founded on 30 September 1981 during
2640-636: The 2021 election. The following table lists the number of registered voters for the 2024 election in all fourteen departments, as well as the number of seats in the Legislative Assembly and number of municipalities assigned to each department. The figures, as published by the Supreme Electoral Court, were accurate as of 1 November 2020 . Twenty incumbent deputies of the Legislative Assembly did not be running for re-election in 2021 due to them choosing to run for another office, being eliminated during their party's primary elections, or them choosing to not seek public office in 2021. Meanwhile, all five of
2720-402: The 2021 legislative elections conducted between September 2019 and February 2021 in reverse chronological order. The party with the highest percentage is listed in bold and displayed with its background shaded, and the party with the second highest percentage is listed in bold. The lead column shows the percentage between the parties with the first and second highest percentages. In instances where
2800-404: The 2021–2022 school year alone. The local business process outsourcing industry has also helped boost the language's economic prospects. Today, while the actual number of proficient Spanish speakers is around 400,000, or under 0.5% of the population, a new generation of Spanish speakers in the Philippines has likewise emerged, though speaker estimates vary widely. Aside from standard Spanish,
2880-595: The 20th century, Spanish was introduced to Equatorial Guinea and the Western Sahara , and to areas of the United States that had not been part of the Spanish Empire, such as Spanish Harlem in New York City . For details on borrowed words and other external influences upon Spanish, see Influences on the Spanish language . Spanish is the primary language in 20 countries worldwide. As of 2023, it
2960-564: The 9th century, and the first systematic written use of the language happened in Toledo , a prominent city of the Kingdom of Castile , in the 13th century. Spanish colonialism in the early modern period spurred the introduction of the language to overseas locations, most notably to the Americas. As a Romance language, Spanish is a descendant of Latin. Around 75% of modern Spanish vocabulary
3040-442: The Central American Parliament were elected through a popular vote . The constitution of El Salvador mandated that the election would be "free, direct, equal and secret ". Deputies of the Legislative Assembly, mayors and municipal council members, and deputies of the Central American Parliament were elected by open-list proportional representation . The 84 deputies of the Legislative Assembly were elected in 14 constituencies for
3120-654: The Equatoguinean education system and is the primary language used in government and business. Whereas it is not the mother tongue of virtually any of its speakers, the vast majority of the population is proficient in Spanish. The Instituto Cervantes estimates that 87.7% of the population is fluent in Spanish. The proportion of proficient Spanish speakers in Equatorial Guinea exceeds the proportion of proficient speakers in other West and Central African nations of their respective colonial languages. Spanish
3200-416: The FMLN had held the presidency in a de facto two-party system since 1989, GANA's Bukele, who had previously been expelled from the FMLN in 2017 for verbally attacking a party official, led virtually every poll in the lead up to the election. In the election, Bukele won 53.10 percent of the vote, forgoing the need for a potential second round in March 2019. Bukele was inaugurated on 1 June 2019, becoming
3280-508: The FMLN, the legislature's two largest parties, both opposed the Territorial Control Plan. On 6 February 2020, Bukele invoked article 167 of the country's constitution which ordered members of the Legislative Assembly to convene an extraordinary session. On 9 February 2020, the date of the extraordinary session, Bukele order 40 soldiers armed forces to enter the Legislative Assembly , however, most deputies did not attend
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3360-705: The Iberian Peninsula. These languages included Proto-Basque , Iberian , Lusitanian , Celtiberian and Gallaecian . The first documents to show traces of what is today regarded as the precursor of modern Spanish are from the 9th century. Throughout the Middle Ages and into the modern era , the most important influences on the Spanish lexicon came from neighboring Romance languages — Mozarabic ( Andalusi Romance ), Navarro-Aragonese , Leonese , Catalan/Valencian , Portuguese , Galician , Occitan , and later, French and Italian . Spanish also borrowed
3440-540: The Old Spanish sibilants) for details. The Gramática de la lengua castellana , written in Salamanca in 1492 by Elio Antonio de Nebrija , was the first grammar written for a modern European language. According to a popular anecdote, when Nebrija presented it to Queen Isabella I , she asked him what was the use of such a work, and he answered that language is the instrument of empire. In his introduction to
3520-564: The PARLACEN election. Salvadoran Democracy formed political coalitions with ARENA and the PCN in all its legislative elections. It did not participate in the municipal or PARLACEN elections. Two independents —Leonardo Bonilla and Jesús Segovia—contested in the legislative elections in San Salvador and La Paz , respectively. The following tables list the results of opinion polls for
3600-425: The PCN, and Democratic Change in some municipal elections. The PCN formed political coalitions with ARENA and Salvadoran Democracy in some legislative elections and with Nuevas Ideas, GANA, and ARENA in some municipal elections. Democratic Change formed political coalitions with ARENA and the PCN in all its legislative elections; with Nuevas Ideas and GANA in all its municipal elections; and with Nuevas Ideas in
3680-589: The Royal Spanish Academy) states that, although the Royal Spanish Academy prefers to use the term español in its publications when referring to the Spanish language, both terms— español and castellano —are regarded as synonymous and equally valid. The term castellano is related to Castile ( Castilla or archaically Castiella ), the kingdom where the language was originally spoken. The name Castile , in turn,
3760-502: The U.S. population were of Hispanic or Hispanic American by origin. In turn, 41.8 million people in the United States aged five or older speak Spanish at home, or about 13% of the population. Spanish predominates in the unincorporated territory of Puerto Rico , where it is also an official language along with English. Spanish is by far the most common second language in the country, with over 50 million total speakers if non-native or second-language speakers are included. While English
3840-457: The administration of Ferdinand Marcos two months later. It remained an official language until the ratification of the present constitution in 1987, in which it was re-designated as a voluntary and optional auxiliary language. Additionally, the constitution, in its Article XIV, stipulates that the Government shall provide the people of the Philippines with a Spanish-language translation of
3920-466: The candidate of the left-wing Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front (FMLN), by a margin of 58% to 36% with 70% turnout. He was sworn in as president the following 1 June. In the 12 March 2006 legislative election , the party won 39.4% of the popular vote and 32 out of 84 seats. At the 18 January 2009 legislative elections , the party received 38.55% of the vote, and again won 32 of the 84 seats. On 15 March 2009, ARENA candidate Rodrigo Ávila lost
4000-751: The classic hispanus or hispanicus took the suffix -one from Vulgar Latin , as happened with other words such as bretón (Breton) or sajón (Saxon). Like the other Romance languages , the Spanish language evolved from Vulgar Latin , which was brought to the Iberian Peninsula by the Romans during the Second Punic War , beginning in 210 BC. Several pre-Roman languages (also called Paleohispanic languages )—some distantly related to Latin as Indo-European languages , and some that are not related at all—were previously spoken in
4080-500: The consonant written b (a bilabial with plosive and fricative allophones). In modern Spanish, there is no difference between the pronunciation of orthographic b and v . Typical of Spanish (as also of neighboring Gascon extending as far north as the Gironde estuary , and found in a small area of Calabria ), attributed by some scholars to a Basque substratum was the mutation of Latin initial f into h- whenever it
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#17327661999704160-404: The country's constitution. In recent years changing attitudes among non-Spanish speaking Filipinos have helped spur a revival of the language, and starting in 2009 Spanish was reintroduced as part of the basic education curriculum in a number of public high schools, becoming the largest foreign language program offered by the public school system, with over 7,000 students studying the language in
4240-500: The dictatorship and to install a state regime inspired by the governments of revolutionary Cuba and Sandinista Nicaragua ". The ideology the party claims to believe in is a system of democratic and representative government, emphasizing individual rights, the family as the nucleus of society and the respect for private property. In February 2007, three ARENA politicians were murdered in Guatemala , including Eduardo D'Aubuisson,
4320-486: The elections. Nuevas Ideas formed political coalitions with GANA for some legislative elections; with GANA, the PCN, and Democratic Change in some municipal elections; and with Democratic Change in the PARLACEN election. ARENA formed political coalitions with Salvadoran Democracy and the PCN in some legislative elections and the PCN in some municipal elections. GANA formed political coalitions with Nuevas Ideas for some legislative elections and with Nuevas Ideas,
4400-475: The extraordinary session. Various members of the Legislative Assembly denounced the event as an " attempted coup ". In March 2020, at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic , Bukele ordered a nationwide lockdown . The National Civil Police (PNC) arrested 4,236 people for violating the lockdown order, which Human Rights Watch denounced as leading to arbitrary arrests and police abuses. In April 2020, after
4480-520: The first president to not be a member of either ARENA or the FMLN since José Napoleón Duarte of the Christian Democratic Party (PDC) left office in 1989. As a part of his Territorial Control Plan , a government anti-crime and security plan, Bukele sought to receive a US$ 109 million dollar loan from the Central American Bank for Economic Integration to fund his plan. Bukele required the Legislative Assembly's approval, but ARENA and
4560-683: The following table: Spanish is marked by palatalization of the Latin double consonants ( geminates ) nn and ll (thus Latin annum > Spanish año , and Latin anellum > Spanish anillo ). The consonant written u or v in Latin and pronounced [w] in Classical Latin had probably " fortified " to a bilabial fricative /β/ in Vulgar Latin. In early Spanish (but not in Catalan or Portuguese) it merged with
4640-466: The former British colony of Belize (known until 1973 as British Honduras ) where English is the sole official language, according to the 2022 census, 54% of the total population are able to speak the language. Due to its proximity to Spanish-speaking countries and small existing native Spanish speaking minority, Trinidad and Tobago has implemented Spanish language teaching into its education system. The Trinidadian and Tobagonian government launched
4720-604: The grammar, dated 18 August 1492, Nebrija wrote that "... language was always the companion of empire." From the 16th century onwards, the language was taken to the Spanish-discovered America and the Spanish East Indies via Spanish colonization of America . Miguel de Cervantes , author of Don Quixote , is such a well-known reference in the world that Spanish is often called la lengua de Cervantes ("the language of Cervantes"). In
4800-684: The language from the Kingdom of Castile , contrasting it with other languages spoken in Spain such as Galician , Basque , Asturian , Catalan/Valencian , Aragonese , Occitan and other minor languages. The Spanish Constitution of 1978 uses the term castellano to define the official language of the whole of Spain, in contrast to las demás lenguas españolas (lit. "the other Spanish languages "). Article III reads as follows: El castellano es la lengua española oficial del Estado. ... Las demás lenguas españolas serán también oficiales en las respectivas Comunidades Autónomas... Castilian
4880-549: The language's hegemony in an intensely centralising Spanish state were established from the 18th century onward. Other European territories in which it is also widely spoken include Gibraltar and Andorra . Spanish is also spoken by immigrant communities in other European countries, such as the United Kingdom , France , Italy , and Germany . Spanish is an official language of the European Union . Today,
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#17327661999704960-455: The last where Salvadorans elected 84 deputies of the Legislative Assembly and 262 mayors and municipal councils, as prior to the 2024 general election , the Legislative Assembly voted to approve two proposals made by Bukele which reduced the number of legislative seats to 60 and the number of municipalities to 44. During the 2018 legislative election on 4 March 2018, the ruling Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front (FMLN) won 23 seats in
5040-405: The leader of ARENA from August 2019 to February 2020, committed suicide amidst an ongoing investigation against him for embezzlement and arms trafficking . From 2021 to 2024 , the party was the second largest in the Legislative Assembly . Following the election of Nuevas Ideas ' Nayib Bukele , the party has lost members of its party delegation to the ruling party. The highest authority of
5120-694: The majority of the Spanish speakers live in Hispanic America . Nationally, Spanish is the official language—either de facto or de jure —of Argentina , Bolivia (co-official with 36 indigenous languages), Chile , Colombia , Costa Rica , Cuba , Dominican Republic , Ecuador , El Salvador , Guatemala , Honduras , Mexico (co-official with 63 indigenous languages), Nicaragua , Panama , Paraguay (co-official with Guaraní ), Peru (co-official with Quechua , Aymara , and "the other indigenous languages"), Puerto Rico (co-official with English), Uruguay , and Venezuela . Spanish language has
5200-734: The northwest of the African mainland. The Spanish spoken in the Canary Islands traces its origins back to the Castilian conquest in the 15th century , and, in addition to a resemblance to Western Andalusian speech patterns, it also features strong influence from the Spanish varieties spoken in the Americas, which in turn have also been influenced historically by Canarian Spanish. The Spanish spoken in North Africa by native bilingual speakers of Arabic or Berber who also speak Spanish as
5280-444: The party ARENA is the Comité Ejecutivo Nacionalista (COENA, "Nationalist Executive Committee"), which consists of 13 members. The members must be re-elected annually through the General Assembly of ARENA members. In addition to the COENA, there are 14 Directors-in-Chief, one for each department and departmental councils called "Juntas Directivas Conjuntas" to coordinate political work in their respective department. In each department,
5360-421: The party of current president Nayib Bukele . In 2024 election , ARENA got only two seats in the Legislative Assembly, while Bukele's party Nuevas Ideast got supermajority. Spanish language Spanish ( español ) or Castilian ( castellano ) is a Romance language of the Indo-European language family that evolved from the Vulgar Latin spoken on the Iberian Peninsula of Europe . Today, it
5440-481: The population. Many northern Moroccans have rudimentary knowledge of Spanish, with Spanish being particularly significant in areas adjacent to Ceuta and Melilla. Spanish also has a presence in the education system of the country (through either selected education centers implementing Spain's education system, primarily located in the North, or the availability of Spanish as foreign language subject in secondary education). In Western Sahara , formerly Spanish Sahara ,
5520-406: The presidential election to Mauricio Funes of the FMLN. After elections, the party president was changed to Alfredo Cristiani . On 9 March 2014, Salvador Sánchez Cerén of FMLN narrowly defeated the ARENA candidate Norman Quijano by 0.2% in a run-off vote in a controversial election. ARENA also lost both 2019 presidential election and 2021 legislative election dominated by Nuevas Ideas ,
5600-452: The six retiring FMLN deputies were term limited by internal party statutes prohibiting deputies from seeking three consecutive terms on the Legislative Assembly. Political parties had until 29 July 2020 to hold their primary elections. Through its social networks, the Nuevas Ideas political party denounced that the Electoral Board of the Supreme Electoral Court in Cabañas refused to register its candidates so that they could participate in
5680-401: The son of party founder Roberto D'Aubuisson , in what was considered by the police as a crime related to drugs. In 2009, ARENA took out a full-page ad in a Salvadoran newspaper calling on President Mauricio Funes to recognise the interim Honduran government of Roberto Micheletti installed after the military had expelled President Manuel Zelaya . On 21 July 2022, Gustavo López Davidson ,
5760-597: The term español (Spanish). According to the Royal Spanish Academy, español derives from the Occitan word espaignol and that, in turn, derives from the Vulgar Latin * hispaniolus ('of Hispania'). Hispania was the Roman name for the entire Iberian Peninsula . There are other hypotheses apart from the one suggested by the Royal Spanish Academy. Spanish philologist Ramón Menéndez Pidal suggested that
5840-444: The theories of Ramón Menéndez Pidal , local sociolects of Vulgar Latin evolved into Spanish, in the north of Iberia, in an area centered in the city of Burgos , and this dialect was later brought to the city of Toledo , where the written standard of Spanish was first developed, in the 13th century. In this formative stage, Spanish developed a strongly differing variant from its close cousin, Leonese , and, according to some authors,
5920-640: The third most used language on the Internet , after English and Chinese. Spanish is the official language of Spain . Upon the emergence of the Castilian Crown as the dominant power in the Iberian Peninsula by the end of the Middle Ages, the Romance vernacular associated with this polity became increasingly used in instances of prestige and influence, and the distinction between "Castilian" and "Spanish" started to become blurred. Hard policies imposing
6000-415: The violent death squads of the 1980s, widespread corruption and the switch to the U.S. dollar as the national currency. At the legislative elections held on 16 March 2003, the party won 32.0% of the popular vote and 27 out of 84 seats in the Legislative Assembly . ARENA's successful candidate in El Salvador's 2004 presidential election was Antonio Saca . On 21 March 2004, Saca defeated Schafik Hándal ,
6080-596: The world's most widely spoken Romance language. The country with the largest population of native speakers is Mexico . Spanish is part of the Ibero-Romance language group , in which the language is also known as Castilian ( castellano ). The group evolved from several dialects of Vulgar Latin in Iberia after the collapse of the Western Roman Empire in the 5th century. The oldest Latin texts with traces of Spanish come from mid-northern Iberia in
6160-634: Was developed in the cities of Toledo , in the 13th to 16th centuries, and Madrid , from the 1570s. The development of the Spanish sound system from that of Vulgar Latin exhibits most of the changes that are typical of Western Romance languages , including lenition of intervocalic consonants (thus Latin vīta > Spanish vida ). The diphthongization of Latin stressed short e and o —which occurred in open syllables in French and Italian, but not at all in Catalan or Portuguese—is found in both open and closed syllables in Spanish, as shown in
6240-622: Was distinguished by a heavy Basque influence (see Iberian Romance languages ). This distinctive dialect spread to southern Spain with the advance of the Reconquista , and meanwhile gathered a sizable lexical influence from the Arabic of Al-Andalus , much of it indirectly, through the Romance Mozarabic dialects (some 4,000 Arabic -derived words, make up around 8% of the language today). The written standard for this new language
6320-713: Was followed by a vowel that did not diphthongize. The h- , still preserved in spelling, is now silent in most varieties of the language, although in some Andalusian and Caribbean dialects, it is still aspirated in some words. Because of borrowings from Latin and neighboring Romance languages, there are many f -/ h - doublets in modern Spanish: Fernando and Hernando (both Spanish for "Ferdinand"), ferrero and herrero (both Spanish for "smith"), fierro and hierro (both Spanish for "iron"), and fondo and hondo (both words pertaining to depth in Spanish, though fondo means "bottom", while hondo means "deep"); additionally, hacer ("to make")
6400-462: Was revoked by Michel Temer after the impeachment of Dilma Rousseff . In many border towns and villages along Paraguay and Uruguay, a mixed language known as Portuñol is spoken. Equatorial Guinea is the only Spanish-speaking country located entirely in Africa, with the language introduced during the Spanish colonial period . Enshrined in the constitution as an official language (alongside French and Portuguese), Spanish features prominently in
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