Natitingou [na.ti.tɛ̃ŋ.gu] , informally referred to as Nati [na.ti] , is a city and commune in north western Benin and the capital of Atakora Department . The commune covers an area of 3045 square kilometres and as of 2013 had a population of 104,010 people.
87-475: Natitingou, like many areas of Benin, is home to a constituent monarchy . The town was founded by the Waama ethnic groups but is populated with Ditammari , Dendi , Nateni , Fulani , Fon , and many other ethnic groups. According to popular etymology, the town takes its name from the word Nantibatingou , from the Waama root " Nanto " meaning to crush , as the local people were renowned growers of sorghum which
174-418: A Bible (the same Bible has been used for every monarch since Te Wherowhero). The eighth and current Māori monarch is Queen Ngā Wai Hono i te Pō . She was crowned on 5 September 2024, following the death on 30 August of her father, King Tūheitia . The non-sovereign monarchs of Nigeria , known locally as the traditional rulers , serve the twin contemporary functions of fostering traditional preservation in
261-978: A cappella group, the Haveners, is student-directed. Villanova University teams are known as the Wildcats. They compete as a member of the NCAA Division I level, primarily competing in the Big East Conference . The Wildcats previously competed in the Eastern 8 Conference from 1975 to 1976 to 1979–80. Men's sports include baseball, basketball, cross country, football, golf, lacrosse, soccer, swimming & diving, tennis and track & field; while women's sports include basketball, cross country, field hockey, lacrosse, rowing, soccer, softball, swimming & diving, tennis, track & field, volleyball and water polo. The football and rowing team competes in
348-689: A central theme. Concept is an interdisciplinary journal of graduate studies sponsored by the Graduate Division of the College of Liberal Arts and Sciences. The 2009 student film Price of Life received critical attention. Since its inception in the summer of 1946, the NROTC unit on campus has produced 25 Admirals and Generals in the United States Navy and Marine Corps. At one point, there had only been two four-star generals in
435-617: A class of 1700. The middle 50% GPA range: 4.20–4.58 on a weighted 4.00 scale. The middle 50% SAT scores of the recently admitted class: 1450–1520/1600, ACT: 33–35/36. In 2019, Villanova announced new recruiting partnerships with The Posse Foundation , Philadelphia Futures and the Guadalupe Center. Villanova's student organizations include standard club sports, cultural organizations, Greek-letter fraternities and sororities, and more. Villanova students participate in charitable and philanthropic activities and organizations, including
522-503: A constitutional monarch or governor general); in semi-presidential systems the head of state (a president) is popularly elected and takes a role in governing alongside the head of government, though his cabinet is still accountable to the legislature and can be forced to resign. The U.A.E does possess a weak legislature, called the National Federal Council, which is partially elected and partially appointed, but neither
609-517: A coup against the Bugandan king in the Battle of Mengo Hill . During Obote's subsequent rule the monarchies were abolished, and remained so during the rule of Idi Amin as well. Restoration of the traditional monarchies came in 1993. The restored monarchies are cultural in nature, and their kings do not have policy-making power. The Kingdom of Rwenzururu, which did not exist before the 1966 abolition,
696-545: A formal capacity, such as in the United Arab Emirates (in which seven historically independent emirates now serve as constituent states of a federation, the president of which is chosen from among the emirs), or in a more informal one, in which theoretically independent territories are in feudal suzerainty to stronger neighbors or foreign powers (the position of the princely states of India during British rule ), and thus can be said to lack sovereignty in
783-638: A geographic territory or an ethnic group), and the polity itself, are subject to a temporal authority higher than their own. The constituent states of the German Empire or the princely states of the Indian Empire during British rule provide historical examples; while the Zulu king , whose power derives from the Constitution of South Africa, is a contemporary one. This situation can exist in
870-575: A graduation-success rate (GSR) of 97 percent rate in the NCAA GSR method. In the GSR release, Villanova had 12 of its athletic programs post a perfect 100 percent graduation success rate for the 2010-2013 cohort. This data measures the percentage of student-athletes who entered college on institutional aid (whether athletics-based aid or otherwise) between those years and graduated within six years. Villanova had seven women's programs and five men's programs earn
957-496: A non-profit organization that focuses on helping to improve the living conditions of communities worldwide. The chapter's inaugural project was to design and build a playground for a grade school in New Orleans following the tragic events of Hurricane Katrina . Villanova EWB was the only student organization to win an award from the regional Project Management Institute , receiving an Honorable Mention from PMI for project of
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#17327767430401044-526: A promoter of African music and culture in France, is a native of Natitingou. He grew up in an orphanage and was adopted by the Thiebaut family from France, when he was 4 years old. Constituent monarchies Philosophers Works List of forms of government A non-sovereign monarchy , subnational monarchy or constituent monarchy is one in which the head of the monarchical polity (whether
1131-696: A reduction in territory after defeat in the Anglo-Zulu War , lost its independence in 1887, when it was incorporated into the Natal Colony , and later the Union of South Africa . The Zulu kings remained pretenders to their officially abolished thrones during the 20th century, but were granted official authority by the Traditional Leadership Clause of the republican Constitution of South Africa . The constitution recognizes
1218-438: A removal of the school's accreditation, however the quick response to the issue by the university resulted only in a censure of the school. Admission to Villanova has been deemed "most selective" by U.S. News & World Report . The university offers three ways to apply: Early Decision (binding), Early Action and Regular Decision. For fall 2023, Villanova received 23,721 freshmen applications; 4,870 were admitted (21%) for
1305-528: A state, including magistrates, a state newspaper known as Te Hokioi, and government ministers (there was even a minister of Pākehā affairs [ Pākehā being the Māori term for Europeans]). A parliament, the Kauhanganui, was set up at Maungakawa, near Cambridge , in 1889 or 1890. Today, though the monarch lacks political power, the position is invested with a great deal of mana (cultural prestige). The monarchy
1392-519: A thousand rooms, there is a large, recently deconsecrated chapel and many partial floors, basements and sub-basements to feed the legends of blocked-off wings. Falvey Library, the campus's main research library, houses over 1 million books, thousands of periodicals, and television production studios. According to the National Science Foundation , Villanova spent $ 26 million on research and development in 2022, ranking it 264th in
1479-417: Is St. Thomas of Villanova Church , whose dual spires are the university's tallest structure. The cornerstone was laid in 1883, and construction ended in 1887. Alumni Hall dates back to 1848 and stands as one of the oldest structures on campus. It was used as a military hospital in wartime and for influenza patients after World War I. St. Mary's Hall was built in 1962. Laid out with long corridors and over
1566-626: Is 56 inhabitants per km. The population is predominantly young. A multitude of ethnic groups reside here speaking a variety of languages. The main ethnic groups are the Ditammari , Waama and Dendi . Other than traditional animism , Christianity and Islam are the main religions practised, and there are a number of churches and mosques in the area. However, many local Christians and Muslims often simultaneously believe in animist practices and join in traditional events in Natitingou. People in
1653-491: Is a constitutional monarch styled Yang di-Pertuan Agong (In English, "He who is made lord"). The Yang di-Pertuan is elected to a five-year term by the Conference of Rulers , made up of the nine state monarchs and the governors of the remaining states. A system of informal rotation exists between the nine state monarchs. The Māori of New Zealand lived in the autonomous territories of numerous tribes, called iwi , before
1740-565: Is an overseas collectivity of the French Republic in Polynesia consisting of three main islands ( Wallis , Futuna , and the mostly uninhabited Alofi ) and a number of tiny islets. The collectivity is made up of three traditional kingdoms: Uvea , on the island of Wallis, Sigave , on the western part of the island of Futuna, and Alo , on the island of Alofi and on the eastern part of the island of Futuna. The current co-claimants to
1827-405: Is elective in theory, in that there is no official dynasty or order of succession , but hereditary in practice, as every monarch chosen by the tribal chiefs has been a direct descendant of Potatau Te Wherowhero (though not always the firstborn child of the previous ruler). Their Māori monarch does not have a physical crown: the "coronation" is performed by tapping the ascendant on the forehead with
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#17327767430401914-610: Is governed as a parliamentary republic in which the citizens elect a Territorial Assembly, the president of which becomes the head of government. His cabinet, the Council of the Territory, is made up of the three kings and three appointed ministers. In addition to this limited parliamentary role the kings play, the individual kingdoms' customary legal systems have some jurisdiction in areas of civil law . A number of independent Muslim sultanates and tribal territories existed in
2001-505: Is in Malaysia. Instead, the formal governmental structure has features of both semi-presidential and parliamentary systems, with some modifications. In purely parliamentary systems the legislature elects the head of government (the prime minister) and can force their resignation, and that of the cabinet, through a no-confidence vote , while the head of state is generally appointed or hereditary position without practical power (such as
2088-731: Is led by the Speaker of the Senate and consists of thirty-four Senators total, twenty-two elected representatives from the classes and schools and twelve appointed representatives from University offices and student organizations. The Judicial Council is led by the Chief Justice and consists of four Associate Justices and a Judicial Clerk. Roughly 30% of Villanova students identify with one of eleven fraternities , twelve sororities , and one service fraternity. There are no fraternity or sorority houses on-campus. The first Greek organization at
2175-694: Is one of only a handful of colleges to provide EMS services to their campus, and one of only 52 who provide emergency response and transport to at least the Basic Life Support (BLS) Level. VEMS has been recognized on a national level multiple times by the National Collegiate EMS Foundation (NCEMSF), specifically being named 2001 Campus Organization of the Year and receiving EMS website of the year in 2000, 2004, and 2006. Their skills competition team also placed in second at
2262-428: Is subdivided into nine arrondissements; four of them urban: Natitingou I , Natitingou II , Natitingou III and Natitingou IV (Péporiyakou) and five of them rural: Kotapounga , Kouaba , Koundata , Perma and Tchoumi-Tchoumi . They contain 39 villages and 26 urban districts. The commune has a population of 75,620 inhabitants according to the 2002 census (57,153 in 1992) with 37,388 men and 38,223 women. The density
2349-724: Is the largest and oldest musical group at Villanova with over 100 members. The Villanova Band has four divisions: the Concert Band, the Scramble Band, the Pep Band, and the Jazz Ensemble. The Concert Band plays one concert at the end of each semester. It also performs throughout the Villanova community and on its annual "Fall Tour". The Scramble Band performs for Villanova Football games between plays and at halftime on
2436-579: Is the official yearbook of the university and has been a student made production since 1922. The book is published by the L.G. Balfour Company . The book has won numerous awards over the years including the prestigious Columbia Scholastic Press Association Gold Crown Award in 1988 and 1989 and the Yearbook Award for their 2017 book and the National Yearbook Sample Award for their 2019 publication. The Villanova Times ,
2523-647: Is the oldest Catholic university in Pennsylvania and one of two Augustinian institutions of higher learning in the United States (the other being Merrimack College ). The university traces its roots to the old Saint Augustine's Church , Philadelphia, which the Augustinian friars of the Province of Saint Thomas of Villanova founded in 1796, and to its parish school, Saint Augustine's Academy, which
2610-618: Is within the Villanova census-designated place in Radnor Township . Villanova University sits on 254 acres (1.03 km ) of land, situated 12 miles (19 km) from Center City Philadelphia . The campus has roughly 1,500 trees. The campus was formerly known as Arboretum Villanova , but its status as an official arboretum was revoked after the university failed to meet rules and standards such as planting enough new trees and offering tours. The most prominent campus feature
2697-724: The Colonial Athletic Association , while the women's lacrosse team competes in the Patriot League . The Wildcats are also part of the Philadelphia Big 5 , the traditional Philadelphia-area basketball rivalry. Their fiercest crosstown rivalry is with Saint Joseph's University ("St. Joe's"), the city's Jesuit university, and matches between them are called the " Holy War ". In the NCAA graduation report released on November 17, 2020, Villanova has
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2784-526: The Dutch East Indies . The British controlled the eastern half of modern Malaysia (in a variety of federations and colonies, see History of Malaysia ) through a system of protectorates , in which native states had some domestic authority, checked by the British government. The eastern half of Malaysia was part of the independent Sultanate of Brunei until 1841, when it was granted independence as
2871-608: The Kingdom of Sarawak under the White Rajas . The kingdom would remain fully independent until 1888, when it accepted British protectorate status, which it retained until the last raja, Charles Vyner Brooke , ceded his rights to the United Kingdom. The two halves were united for the first time with the formation of Malaysia in 1963. Modern Malaysia is a federal monarchy , consisting of 13 states (of which nine, known as
2958-532: The Law School . The Singers were established for the stated purpose of singing various types of music and enriching the cultural life of the university. Entirely student-run, the Singers are governed by a nine-member board of students and sing a wide range of musical styles and types, ranging from classical to contemporary. Within the Singers, there exists a smaller, student-directed a cappella group known as
3045-514: The Malay states , are monarchical) and three federal territories. Of the Malay states, seven are sultanates ( Johor , Kedah , Kelantan , Pahang , Perak , Selangor and Terengganu ), one is a kingdom ( Perlis ), one an elective monarchy ( Negeri Sembilan ), while the remaining four states and the federal territories have non-monarchical systems of government. The head of state of the entire federation
3132-463: The Ooni of Ife , retain their spiritual authority as religious leaders of significant parts of the country in question's population. The Zulu Kingdom was the independent nation state of the Zulu people , founded by Shaka kaSenzangakhona in 1816. The kingdom was a major regional power for most of the 19th century, but eventually was drawn into conflict with the expanding British Empire , and after
3219-628: The Panic of 1857 strained the school financially. The school remained closed throughout the Civil War and was used as a military hospital. It reopened in September 1865; since then it has operated continuously. Its prep school later moved to Malvern , a town along the Main Line . Today it is called Malvern Preparatory School and is still run by the order. Villanova was all-male until 1918 when
3306-634: The Scramble for Africa , the powerful Bantu kingdom of Buganda was placed under the administration of the Imperial British East Africa Company . In 1894, however, the company relinquished its rights to the territory to the British government, which expanded its control to the neighboring kingdoms of Toro , Ankole , Busoga , Bunyoro and tribal territories in establishing the Uganda Protectorate , which
3393-512: The 2011 Annual Physio-Control BLS Skills Competition. VEMS hosted the second annual NCEMSF Conference in 1995 as well as the twelfth annual conference in Philadelphia in 2005. The Villanovan has been an officially recognized and accredited student newspaper since its founding in 1916. The university's newspaper of record, the tabloid-sized weekly usually produces 12 issues per semester, at 6,500 copies per issue. The Belle Air Yearbook
3480-401: The 20th century, when monarchical systems were used by most states. During the last century, however, many monarchies have become republics, and those who remain are generally the formal sovereigns of their nations. Sub-national monarchies also exist in a few states which are, in and of themselves, not monarchical, (generally for the purpose of fostering national traditions). The degree to which
3567-608: The Andrew McDonough B+ (Be Positive) Foundation. NOVAdance began in 2014, and has since then become a yearly event. The Villanova University community is noted for its participation in Habitat for Humanity In 2004, Villanova had more participants in the Habitat for Humanity Collegiate Challenge than any other U.S. university. Villanova's School of Engineering maintains a student chapter of Engineers Without Borders ,
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3654-528: The Augustinians, and the college was closed in February 1845. The college reopened in 1846 and graduated its first class in 1847. In March 1848, the governor of Pennsylvania incorporated the school and gave it the power to grant degrees. In 1859, the first master's degree was conferred. In 1857, the school closed again as the demand for priests in Philadelphia prevented adequate staffing, and the crisis of
3741-637: The Best Masters Universities-category, Northern Region, and ranked the engineering school No.11 among all national undergraduate engineering programs whose highest degree is a masters. U.S. News & World Report ranked Villanova as tied for the 51st best National University in the U.S. for 2022. However, U.S. News & World Report removed Villanova from its list of "Best Value Colleges" in July 2022 due to incorrect data having been reported. The Villanova School of Business
3828-540: The East Indies (the modern-day states of Malaysia, Indonesia, Singapore, and Brunei) before the coming of colonial powers in the 16th century, the most prominent one in what is now Malaysia being Melaka . The first to establish colonies were the Portuguese , but they were eventually displaced by the more powerful Dutch and British. The 1824 Anglo-Dutch Treaty defined the borders between British possessions and
3915-627: The Pastoral Musicians have about 60 voices and 35 instrumentalists, primarily undergraduates, up from 30 musicians in 1995. Their musical selection shows the diversity of style within the Catholic tradition: contemporary praise music from different cultures, Bach , Palestrina , Mozart , Lauridsen , and others. Villanova's men's chorus , the Villanova Singers, was founded in 1953 by Dean Harold Gill Reuschlein, then Dean of
4002-559: The Persian Gulf were under informal suzerainty to the Ottoman Empire during the 16th century. Later, this dominance gradually shifted to the United Kingdom. In 1853 the rulers signed a Perpetual Maritime Truce , and from that point onward delegated disputes between themselves to the British for arbitration (it is from this arrangement that the territory's former title, the "Trucial" States was derived). In 1892 this arrangement
4089-522: The Spires. Alumni of the Spires include Jim Croce , Tommy West and Manhattan Transfer member Tim Hauser . The Villanova Voices women's chorus is the oldest women's organization at the university. Originally called the Villanova Women's Glee Club, the group was founded by 20 women from the university's College of Nursing in 1960, shortly after Villanova became coeducational. Their attendant
4176-539: The U.S. Marine Corps, one of them the Commandant of the Marine Corps, and they had both been graduates of Villanova NROTC. In 2004, the commanders of both U.S. Naval Forces Atlantic ( Admiral William J. Fallon ) and U.S. Naval Forces Pacific ( Admiral Walter F. Doran ) were Villanova NROTC graduates. Admiral Fallon was later assigned as Commander, U.S. Central Command from March 2007 to March 2008. ADM Fallon
4263-580: The Zulu king as the province's official ceremonial monarch and head of state, establishing the province as a constitutional monarchy within South Africa. The current Zulu king is Misuzulu Zulu , who reigns as king of the Zulu nation , rather than of Zululand, which is today part of the South African province of KwaZulu-Natal . Zulu ascended the throne in 2021. The numerous small sheikdoms on
4350-464: The arrival of British colonialists in the mid 19th century. The Treaty of Waitangi , signed in 1840 by about a third of the Māori chiefs, made the Māori British subjects in return for (theoretical) autonomy and preservation of property rights. British encroachment on tribal lands continued, however, leading to the creation of the King Movement ( Māori : Kīngitanga ) in an attempt to foster strength through intertribal unity. Numerous tribal chiefs refused
4437-454: The campus and globally via the internet. Since 1991, the station has offered a varied program of music, news, sports, public affairs, and specialty programming. POLIS Literary Magazine, a student publication printed once a semester by the Villanova University Honors Program, features writing and artwork by Villanova students and professors. Each issue features creative nonfiction, poetry, short fiction, and black-and-white photography focusing on
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#17327767430404524-447: The college began evening classes to educate nuns to teach in parochial schools . In 1938, a laywoman received a Villanova degree for the first time. When the nursing school opened in 1953, women began attending Villanova full-time. In 1958, the College of Engineering admitted its first female student; other colleges admitted women only as commuters. Villanova University became fully coeducational in 1968. During World War II, Villanova
4611-454: The college of Nursing and the School of Law were established. Villanova achieved university status on November 18, 1953. Between 1954 and 1963, 10 new buildings were built or bought on land adjacent to the campus, including Bartley, Mendel, and Dougherty Halls. Villanova and Cabrini University issued a joint statement on June 23, 2023, announcing that Cabrini would cease operations in 2024 and be incorporated into Villanova. The university
4698-402: The entrance of the Pendjari National Park . The commune is bounded on the north by Toucountouna , south and east by Kouandé and to the west by the commune of Boukombé . The climate in Natitingou is drier than in the south, particularly during the Harmattan season in December/January, when humidity can be as low as 10% and night temperatures can be as low as 17 degrees Celsius. Natitingou
4785-404: The evening, so as not to confuse the two sounds. European missionaries visited Natitingou in the 19th century and early 20th century. The town of Natitingou belongs to the Department of Atakora in northwestern Benin. It lies in a semi-valley, formed by the two mountain ridges that surround it. Natitingou is located 645 km from the economic capital of Cotonou and 100 km from Porga at
4872-422: The festival to regional and international competition. Students apply to be a part of the 82-volunteer planning committee, which works for more than nine months alongside Special Olympics Pennsylvania (SOPA), which oversees more than 300 events statewide. Villanova University holds an annual NOVAdance year-long fundraising effort that culminates with a 12-hour dance marathon each Spring, raising money in support of
4959-407: The field. The Villanova Pep Band performs at Villanova Men's and Women's Basketball games, including post-season games such as the Big East Tournament. The Jazz Ensemble and Orchestra have end-of-semester concerts and perform on campus and around the Philadelphia area several times a year. The band is made up of students of every school within Villanova. The second-largest musical group at Villanova,
5046-432: The first time in fall 2016. For more than a decade, Villanova University had been ranked No. 1 by U.S. News & World Report in the Best Masters Universities-category, Northern Region, a ranking for schools which offer undergraduate and masters programs but few doctoral programs. U.S. News & World Report in 2016 also ranked Villanova as second for "Best Value Schools" and fourth for "Best Undergraduate Teaching" in
5133-413: The great mud castles of the Betammaribe known as the Tata Somba are also within an hour or two of the town by car. Within the town itself can be found the Regional Museum of Natitingou, as well as two marketplaces. Villanova University Men's Basketball player Mouphtaou Yarou is a native of Natitingou. He was ranked #9 in 2009 among high school basketball prospects in America. Charles Thiebaut ,
5220-556: The independent bi-weekly student newspaper, won the Collegiate Network Award for Layout and Design in 2005–06, 2007–08 and 2008–09. VTV is the student-run campus television station. Starting in 1999 as the Villanova TV Production Club, the station produces news, events, films and other programming for the Villanova community, and can be seen on the campus television network. WXVU , the FCC-licensed student-operated FM radio station , operates at 89.1 megahertz . With an output of 75 watts, WXVU can be heard for 8 miles (13 km) around
5307-399: The largest student-run Special Olympics in the world. Being a Catholic Augustinian school, the university has an active Campus Ministry. The annual Special Olympics Fall Festival at Villanova University is the largest and most successful student-run Special Olympics in the world. It draws more than 1,000 athletes and 400 coaches from 44 Pennsylvania counties. Athletes may advance through
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#17327767430405394-472: The later royal elections of Polish kings ), as the rulers of the two largest and wealthiest emirates, Abu Dhabi and Dubai, have always held the posts of president and prime minister, respectively. This Council also elects the lower cabinet, the Council of Ministers, as well as the judges of Supreme Court. The seven constituent emirates of the U.A.E. are Abu Dhabi , Ajman , Dubai , Fujairah , Ras al-Khaimah , Sharjah , and Umm al-Quwain . In 1888, during
5481-433: The legislature nor the population at large has a hand in determining the country's political leadership. In the U.A.E., it is the Federal Supreme Council (a sort of "upper" cabinet made up of the seven emirs), which elects both the head of state (the president) and the head of government (the prime minister), both of whom have considerable governing power, to five-year terms. This is a purely formal election, however (similar to
5568-462: The local drink known as Tchoucoutou is also very important, and is produced by housewives and is their main source of income. The drink is sold to nightclubs where there are many consumers. Tchoucoutou is made from the grain sorghum and is a form of malt beer. Natitingou is about 50 km from Benin's Pendjari National Park , where tourists can see West African wildlife during the months of December through June. The Kota and Tanougou waterfalls,
5655-402: The mantle of King, but the leader of the Tainui iwi, Pōtatau Te Wherowhero , was persuaded, and was crowned as the Māori king in 1857. The federation of tribes supporting the king fought against the British during the territorial conflicts known as the New Zealand Wars (which resulted in the confiscation of four million acres (16,000 km²) of tribal land), not emerging from their refuge in
5742-410: The monarchs have control over their polities varies greatly—in some they may have a great degree of domestic authority (as in the United Arab Emirates), while others have little or no policy-making power (the case with numerous ethnic monarchs today). In some, the monarch's position might be purely traditional or cultural in nature, without any formal constitutional authority at all. Wallis and Futuna
5829-555: The nation. In a deliberate move to classify itself as a "national university", Villanova pushed in early 2010s to expand its doctoral programs to reach the Carnegie threshold of 20 PhDs per year. In September 2016, the university's Carnegie Classification was changed to classify Villanova among "R2: Doctoral Universities: High Research Activity". U.S. News & World Report , which relies on this classification to define which schools should be called "national universities", included Villanova in its "National Universities" rankings for
5916-408: The regions inhabitants favored the creation of a Rwenzururu monarchy, the kingdom was recognized by the Ugandan cabinet on March 17, 2008. Villanova University Villanova University is a private Catholic research university in Villanova, Pennsylvania , United States. It was founded by the Order of Saint Augustine in 1842 and named after Saint Thomas of Villanova . The university
6003-426: The right of "traditional authorities" to operate by and amend systems of customary law , and directs the courts to apply these laws as applicable. It also empowers the national and provincial legislatures to formally establish houses for and councils of traditional leaders. The Zulu king is head of this council of tribal chiefs, known as the Ubukhosi. In 2005, the KwaZulu-Natal provincial government officially recognised
6090-400: The rural region known as King Country until 1881. The position of the Māori monarch has never had formal authority or constitutional status in New Zealand ( which is itself a constitutional monarchy , as a Commonwealth realm ). Before its defeat in the Land Wars, however, the King Movement wielded temporal authority over large parts of the North Island and possessed some of the features of
6177-457: The school was established in 1902 as a social organization and circle of individuals interested in classical studies. Villanova Emergency Medical Service (VEMS), is a student-run ambulance service licensed and dedicated to serving the campus community. VEMS membership consists of more than 40 undergraduate student volunteers; the majority of whom are certified as Emergency Medical Technicians , volunteering more than 25,000 hours annually. Villanova
6264-811: The school year. Founded in 1925, the Student Government Association (SGA) operates through its three branches (the Executive Branch, the Senate, and the Judicial Council). The Executive Branch is led by the President of the Student Body and Executive Vice President, and consists of the Chief of Staff and Directors of Athletics; Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion; Finance; Programming; and Public Relations. The Senate
6351-558: The sense that they cannot, for practical purposes, conduct their affairs of state unhampered. The most formalized arrangement is known as a federal monarchy , in which the relationship between smaller constituent monarchies and the central government (which may or may not have a territory of its own) parallels that of states to a federal government in republics, such as the United States of America. Like sovereign monarchies, there exist both hereditary and elective non-sovereigns. Systems of both formal and informal suzerainty were common before
6438-561: The title King of Uvea are Felice Tominiko Halagahu and Patalione Kanimoa , the current King of Alo is Filipo Katoa and the current King of Sigave is Eufenio Takala . They have been reigning since 2016. The territory was annexed by the French Republic in 1888, and was placed under the authority of another French colony , New Caledonia . The inhabitants of the islands voted in a 1959 referendum to become an overseas collectivity of France, effective in 1961. The collectivity
6525-489: The urban districts of Natitingou are mostly civil servants, craftsmen and merchants. Natitingou has an important administrative function and has some of the most important administrative bodies and services in the Atakora Department. Agriculture is the backbone to the rural economy, and farmers produce sorghum , maize , yams and, more recently, cotton as a commercial product. The manufacture and marketing of
6612-400: The wake of globalisation and representing their people in their dealings with the official government, which in turn serves to recognise their titles. They have very little in the way of technical authority, but are in possession of real influence in practice due to their control of popular opinion within the various tribes. In addition to this a number of them, such as the sultan of Sokoto and
6699-520: The year. The most recent project involved designing and building a water treatment and distribution system which provided an orphanage and surrounding villages in northern Thailand with drinking water and irrigation for their crops. The Blue Key Society consists of around 200 volunteer campus tour guides who work with the Admissions Office to give three tours each weekday, various special tours as needed and selected weekend tours throughout
6786-547: Was called the "Augustinian College of Villanova", opened in 1842. Besides the novitiate and college, the Augustinians had pastoral care of Catholics living within a fifteen mile radius. Bishop Francis Kenrick dedicated the chapel in 1844. Parishes at Berwyn , Bryn Mawr, and Wayne developed from the Villanova mission. However, the Philadelphia Nativist Riots of 1844 that burned Saint Augustine's Church in Philadelphia caused financial difficulties for
6873-480: Was established in 1811. It is classified among "R2: Doctoral Universities – High research activity". In October 1841, two Irish Augustinian friars from Saint Augustine 's Church in Philadelphia, with the intention of starting a school, purchased 200 acres in Radnor Township, known as "Belle Air", the estate of the late John Rudolph, a merchant of Burlington, New Jersey and Philadelphia. The school, which
6960-407: Was formalized into a protectorate in which the British assumed responsibility for the emirate's protection. This arrangement existed until 1971, when the U.A.E. was granted independence. The U.A.E.'s system of governance is unique, in that while the seven constituent emirates are all absolute monarchies, the structure of the federal government itself is not (theoretically, at least) monarchical, as it
7047-505: Was maintained until independence was granted in 1961. Shortly after achieving independence, Uganda became a republic, and its first years were characterized by a power struggle between the Uganda People's Congress and the Bugandan nationalist and monarchist Kabaka Yekka Party . Edward Muteesa II , the king of Buganda, was appointed president and commander of the armed forces, but in 1967 Prime Minister Apollo Milton Obote staged
7134-524: Was native to the area and later millet. Natitingou is evenly divided between Christians and Muslims and, like the rest of Benin, is notable for its ethnic and religious tolerance. The mountains surrounding the region to the east and west sides are important in local animists, who believe them to be inhabited by spirits. Certain people subscribe to the idea that during the evening these spirits emit sounds similar to those produced by stones which women uses to crush cereal grains. Adherents do not crush cereals in
7221-516: Was officially established in 2008. The areas which now make up the kingdom were formerly part of the Kingdom of Toro. The region is populated by Konjo and Amba peoples, whose territory was incorporated into the Kingdom of Toro by the British. A secession movement existed during Uganda's early years of independence, and after a 2005 report from the Ugandan government found that the great majority of
7308-666: Was one of 131 colleges and universities nationally that took part in the V-12 Navy College Training Program which offered students a path to a Navy commission. It has since graduated 25 US Naval Admirals and Marine Corps Generals; only the Naval Academy in Annapolis has generated more. After World War II, Villanova expanded, returning veterans swelling enrollments and the faculty growing fourfold. Additional facilities were built, and in 1953,
7395-574: Was ranked No. 1 in the U.S. in Bloomberg Businessweek ' s 2016 rankings of undergraduate business schools, but this led to controversy and challenge. As a result Bloomberg no longer ranked undergraduate business schools after 2016. In 2007 Villanova was No. 29 in the Financial Times ' ranking of top executive MBA programs. However, for the 2023 U.S. News & World Report Rankings of best business schools, Villanova
7482-502: Was the first Navy officer to hold that position. Villanova University is without a formal music department; therefore, the Office of Student Performing Arts is charged with the organization of the student performing arts groups on campus. Due to the lack of a music department, student musicians are from every school in the university. Nearly 10% of the student body participates in various music related organizations. The Villanova Band
7569-494: Was unranked. Villanova University School of Law was ranked tied for 65th among all U.S. law schools by the 2019 edition of U.S. News & World Report ' s "Best Law Schools". The School of Law had previously suffered a drop in ranking in 2011, after it was determined that law school admissions staff had engaged in inflating reported LSAT scores for admitted students. According to the ABA, these infractions were enough to justify
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