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102-661: State Road 87 contains a 19.4-mile (31.2 km) section extending northward from US 98 at Navarre, Florida to US 90 just east of Milton, Florida . This portion of SR 87 is marked as SR 87 South. On this stretch it passes through the western edge of the Eglin Air Force Base training range. After having an interchange with Interstate 10 (I-10) at exit 31, it shares a 4.6-mile (7.4 km) east–west section of US 90 until it reaches Milton where it turns north onto Stewart Street, and runs for another 30.4-mile (48.9 km) section from Milton, Florida northward to

204-624: A Puerto Rican taken captive by English pirates off the Philippine Islands is a historical account, not a fictional one. The archival documents contain dozens of eyewitness accounts corroborating not only the existence of Ramírez, his marriage in Mexico City, and also his capture in 1687, his life with pirates (most notably William Dampier ), his collaboration with them, and his return to Mexico in 1690, at which time Spanish colonial authorities suspected Alonso of piracy. López Lázaro

306-568: A body which, within a few days, must be corruption and decay." The autopsy revealed a kidney stone the size of a peach. Sigüenza left his library and scientific instruments to the Jesuit Colegio Máximo de San Pedro y San Pablo in Mexico City. He was buried at the chapel of this Colegio, which could point to his having been reconciled with the Order. He also left a number of unpublished manuscripts, only fragments of which survived

408-478: A charity the "misogynistic prelate could not abide." Sigüenza not only pursued his interests in science, but he was also a poet, non-fiction writer, historian , philosopher , cartographer , and cosmographer of the realm. Such was his prestige that the French King Louis XIV tried to induce him to come to Paris . He published his first poem in 1662. From 1671 to 1701 (posthumous) he published

510-454: A conception that persists to this day. He further identified Fernando Alva de Ixtlilxochitl as the author of the Nican motecpana . This declaration was stimulated by Francisco de Florencia's Polestar of Mexico , which claimed that the original Nahuatl account had been written by Franciscan Fray Jerónimo de Mendieta . In 1680, he was commissioned to design a triumphal arch for the arrival of

612-637: A confusion between the Axelsons and shipbuilding operations in nearby Milton, Florida . In addition, some records and books, such as the Atlas of Florida , attest that Union raids were made against Confederate troops and camps stationed elsewhere in Northwest Florida , through routes in what would become Navarre and Holley, Florida . No evidence exists that the Axelsons assisted such missions. A military road that appears to approximate this route

714-448: A doctoral degree in the subjects. It was not clear that he could even be eligible to compete, but Sigüenza argued successfully to do so. Selection for university posts was via oposiciones or competition between candidates. A question was posed and the candidate had to complete a response within 24 hours to be judged by a panel. Ghost writers or ringers sometimes completed the exercise and Sigüenza successfully argued that his chief rival for

816-648: A fascinating profile of his own reactions to the dramatic events." It is a major source for the Spanish version of events, published as "Letter of Don Carlos de Sigüenza y Góngora to Admiral Pez Recounting the incidents of the Corn Riot in Mexico City, June 8, 1692." In 1692, there was a severe drought in New Spain and a disease attacking wheat, called in Nahuatl "chiahuiztli". The crown sought sources of corn outside

918-414: A lawsuit against Spaniards attempting to usurp his holdings near the great pyramids at San Juan Teotihuacan. Don Juan in gratitude for Sigüenza's aid, gifted him the manuscripts and codices of his historian father, Don Fernando Alva Ixtlilxochitl. This was a rich collection of documents of his royal ancestors and the kings of Texcoco . In 1668, Sigüenza began the study of Aztec history and Toltec writing. On

1020-466: A month before his hiring. A later CEO of the water system was dismissed after undisclosed felony charges were discovered. The third notable protests were part of the larger national school walkout to promote gun control. On June 3, 2020, there was a protest at Navarre Park as part of the George Floyd protests . It consisted of around 120 protestors and was followed by a candlelight vigil at

1122-459: A noticeable rise in civil activism in the Navarre area, with three notable protests occurring, all within the span of 12 months. The first protests recorded in the community occurred on June 9, 2017, after the county unilaterally changed the town's nickname and locally popular welcome sign. The change was made without the consent of the citizens of the town and have sparked additional calls for

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1224-465: A plaza with shade structures, maintenance building, park building, expanded parking, landscaping and stormwater improvements. Phase 1 was completed in summer of 2022. Phase 1 included the placement of the original Navarre Beach sign, now on display in the park. Phase 2 and 3 expansions have been proposed. Transportation infrastructure in Navarre is relatively limited and is dominated by roads, instead of public transportation or sidewalks. This has been to

1326-545: A population of 40,817 at the 2020 census . Navarre is about 25 miles (40 km) east of Pensacola and about 15 miles (24 km) west of Fort Walton Beach . The community is roughly centered on the junction of U.S. Route 98 and State Road 87 . It is part of the Pensacola–Ferry Pass–Brent, Florida Metropolitan Statistical Area (more commonly referred to as the Pensacola Metro Area), and

1428-582: A professor, he took on a number of other posts. He was chaplain of the Hospital del Amor de Dios (now Academia de San Carlos) from 1682 until his death. This post provided him with living quarters, which given his strapped financial circumstances was a major benefit. It also was a steady income from celebrating masses for a fixed fee. He also served as Chief Almoner for the Archbishop of Mexico, Don Francisco de Aguiar y Seijas, distributing alms to poor women,

1530-413: A strong criticism of Sigüenza's opinion on comets, without naming him specifically. Kino's criticism was that because they were contradictory to established astronomical/astrological belief in the heavens. Sigüenza often cited authors such as Copernicus , Galileo , Descartes , Kepler , and Tycho Brahe . In 1690, Sigüenza moved to defend his previous work by publishing "Libra Astronómica y Filosófica"; it

1632-469: A time spent in the viceregal court. Although Sor Juana was cloistered, the Hieronymite order followed a more relaxed rule and nuns could have visitors in the locutorio or special room for conversation in the convent. Known as the "Tenth Muse", she was a formidable intellect and poet, and was encouraged in her scientific studies by Sigüenza. Each was well known in circles of power and with the arrival of

1734-492: A yearly almanac. A. Margarita Peraza-Rugeley has studied the surviving almanacs in her 2013 book. In 1690 Sigüenza published a pirate captivity narrative which has been considered Latin America's first novel, Los infortunios de Alonso Ramírez . However, new archival evidence discovered by Fabio López Lázaro (2007, 2011), José F. Buscaglia (2009, 2011), and A. Margarita Peraza-Rugeley (2013) proves that this incredible story of

1836-508: Is Navarre Beach Marine Park , a former Florida state park . Immediately to its west is a portion of the Gulf Islands National Seashore , and farther west is the community of Pensacola Beach . In 2006, a "beach re-nourishment" project was begun, restoring sand lost due to the hurricanes of 2004 and 2005. This project eventually added approximately 200 feet (61 m) of sand and a 14-foot (4.3 m) high berm to

1938-480: Is a major increase from just 40 years ago, when the population was hovering around 1,500. The below racial characteristics of the community are from 2017 estimates. Navarre is centered near the junction of U.S. Highway 98, the primary east–west route between Pensacola and the Fort Walton Beach area, and State Road 87. It is located near several large military facilities: Naval Air Station Pensacola to

2040-752: Is bounded geographically in the north by the East Bay River, the Yellow River , and several creeks and on the south by the Santa Rosa Sound. Holley, a different census-designated place that is sometimes considered part of Navarre, is north of the Fairpoint Peninsula, across the East Bay River . The town is located towards the southern edge of the humid subtropical climate zone. As a low-elevation community near

2142-550: Is in Point Baker, north of the north end of the SR 89 overlap. It runs east from SR 87 as Langley Street into Whiting Field Naval Air Station , which bisects the road. The other end of CR 87A runs south from Whiting Field as East Gate Road and ends at CR 191 (Munson Highway) across from the intersection of Roeville Road. The third CR 87A is Market Road near Berrydale, which runs east and west from State Road 4 to SR 87, far north of

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2244-429: Is noted as existing as late as 1895, where it can be found on War Department maps from that time period. Some maps of the area during this time, seem to indicate that the area was also known as “Bilowry,” a presumed misspelling or combination of the name, Bill Lowry. The area also had a post office under this name from 1886 to 1891. Habitation of this area of what is now Navarre was continuous, though sparse from

2346-555: Is now known as Navarre. The founder of Navarre, under the name of Navarre, was Guy Wyman , a colonel in the United States Army . During World War I , he met a French nurse named Noelle. At the time, immigration policies would not allow him to bring her to the United States as a fiancée or even as a wife, but he could bring her back as his legal child. Colonel Wyman, therefore, adopted her and brought her back to

2448-676: Is the second largest community in the metropolitan area, according to a study. Navarre is the third-largest community in the Florida Panhandle . Navarre is the principal community of the census-defined Navarre-Miramar Beach-Destin Urbanized Area . The community is known for the natural environment, swimming, picnic spots, and its beach. In 1693 Spanish explorers Carlos de Sigüenza y Góngora and Admiral Andrés de Pez y Malzárraga set sail from Veracruz . A skilled cartographer, scientist, mathematician, and theologian, Sigüenza

2550-508: The East Bay River of Florida and the land where the city of Navarre is now located. In 1694, he retired from the university. His final years were marked by even more financial and personal troubles. He became ill, with what physicians identified as either gallstones or kidney stones and he was in considerable pain. His patron the Archbishop Aguiar y Seijas died and Sigüenza lost his lucrative post of Chief Almoner. He also lost

2652-549: The East Bay River . It also passes by Gable Lake and passes over the Tom King Bayou , before connecting with US 98 in the neighboring community of Woodlawn Beach, Florida . Carlos de Sig%C3%BCenza y G%C3%B3ngora Don Carlos de Sigüenza y Góngora (August 14, 1645 – August 22, 1700) was one of the first great intellectuals born in the Americas - Spanish viceroyalty of New Spain ( Mexico City ). He

2754-716: The Florida Department of Transportation . The first of which is in Milton beginning at the west end of the concurrency of US 90/SR 87 and CR 191. The road begins as Canal Street between US 90/SR 87 and Berryhill Road. The route then runs west along Berryhill road for one block until it turns north again at Alabama Street. CR 87A crosses Munson Highway (a leg of CR 191), and then the Blackwater Heritage State Rail Trail until it curves west onto North Avenue and ends at SR 87. The second CR 87A

2856-588: The Gulf of Mexico thereof, as well as several miles of beaches within the Navarre Beach Marine Park and the Gulf Islands National Seashore , it has a small, but rapidly growing community of nature enthusiasts and tourists. Navarre has grown from being a small town of around 1,500 in 1970 to a town with a population estimated at 43,540 as of 2022 , if including both the Navarre and Navarre Beach Census Designated Places . The Navarre CDP recorded

2958-553: The Gulf of Mexico . This figure however, does not include the shorelines on both sides of Santa Rosa Sound , and the Navarre's shoreline along East Bay and the East Bay River. The community of Navarre is located on the Gulf Coastal Plain and is built on mostly flat sandy soil, though there are a few shallow hills. Navarre is primarily located on the Fairpoint Peninsula and Santa Rosa Island . Navarre

3060-500: The Navarre Beach Causeway . Navarre is a large community, estimated to have 41,940 people by the 2020 U.S. Census when including both the Navarre and Navarre Beach CDP. That number may be as high as 43,540, according to several different estimates completed since then. If the town of Navarre was to be incorporated it would be the largest city between Pensacola and Tallahassee (based on population). This

3162-637: The Santa Rosa County Library System through the Navarre Library . The community of Navarre has several public parks open year-round. These parks are currently owned and operated by the Santa Rosa County Department of Parks and Recreation and are open to the public. The Navarre Sports Complex and Navarre Soccer Complex, while owned and largely managed by the county, are partially operated by

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3264-769: The Union navy and the United States Merchant Marines . This notion is conflicted with local tradition noted in Log of the Peep O'Day , an account of the area from the 1910s, which suggest that the Axelsons built one of the first ships registered under the flag of the Confederacy . However, as confirmed by evidence gathered by historians at the University of West Florida , this notion was likely caused by

3366-674: The "Queen of the Sciences", but Sigüenza's stance is on the side of science as defined in the modern era. In the 1680s, he prepared the first-ever map of all of New Spain, which won high praise and was widely copied. He also drew hydrologic maps of the Valley of Mexico . In 1692 King Charles II named him official geographer for the colony. As royal geographer, he participated in the 1692 expedition to Pensacola Bay , Florida under command of Andrés de Pez , to seek out defensible frontiers against French encroachment. He mapped Pensacola Bay and

3468-526: The 1890s. While what became of the town and the people who lived there at that time is unknown (some of which are known to have remained in the town, some of which are believed to have moved to neighboring communities), the discovery of the town's existence definitively established the settlement of the Navarre area in South Santa Rosa County as being prior to the 20th century. The land upon which Eagan existed would, in fact, later become what

3570-543: The Alabama state line, where it continues towards Brewton as Alabama State Route 41 . This portion of SR 87 is marked as SR 87 North. While within Milton city limits it becomes a divided highway between Ridge Crest Drive and Mitchell Cemetery near Whiting Field in Point Baker. The entire route is in Santa Rosa County . County Road 87A is one of three suffixed alternate county roads of SR 87, according to

3672-688: The Ancient Monarchs of the Mexican Empire, Whose Effigies Adorn the Arch Erected by the Very Noble Imperial City of Mexico. Sigüenza's title was meant to convey to the new viceroy that his tenure in office was in a long line of Mexican monarchs. On the arch were images of all twelve Aztec rulers, "each taken to embody different political virtues. Also represented was the god Huitzilopochtli, whom Sigüenza claimed

3774-471: The Axelsons to the platting of Navarre. This area also came to be known as Hiawatha during a brief time, with a neighborhood in Navarre still retaining this name. Some 30 years after the first homestead in the area was established, seemingly coinciding with the community of Bilowry, a small settlement named Eagan arose in 1874. The post office was run by Patrick Shea, a naturalized American from Ireland. The settlement, composed of approximately 40 families,

3876-738: The Florida panhandle, where he purchased a large amount of land. Noelle named their holdings Navarre , after the province in Spain , near France. Wyman platted the town in 1925, but made no steps towards development. However, during the Great Depression , the Wymans could not pay the taxes on it and were forced to begin selling it off. Part of that property is where the Navarre Park is today. In modern times, Navarre has become one of

3978-462: The Gulf of Mexico, Navarre is often threatened by hurricanes. Significant damage was incurred as a result of hurricanes Erin and Opal in 1995, Georges in 1998, Ivan in 2004, Dennis in 2005 and Sally in 2020. Many homes and businesses immediately along Santa Rosa Sound (generally south of U.S. Highway 98 ) suffered storm surge as a result of those storms. Recoveries have been rendered by the area with

4080-513: The Gulf side of Santa Rosa Island for the entire length of Navarre Beach. The project was completed in December 2006. Another round of beach re-nourishment was completed in 2016. The entirety of Navarre Beach was closed during the COVID-19 pandemic , with only residents of the beach neighborhood being allowed on that area of the island. Furtherly, It was enforced by a police check on one side of

4182-654: The Louisiana National Guard, crashed in the Santa Rosa Sound off the coast of the community of Navarre. All eleven on board were believed killed. On November 18, 2016, Leadership Santa Rosa Class 29 unveiled the Navarre Black Hawk Memorial in Navarre Park. The memorial was built to honor the men who died in the Black Hawk crash and anyone who has paid the ultimate sacrifice in service to the United States. 2017 and 2018 had seen

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4284-598: The Navarre Area United PAC. However, the PAC was delayed in collecting petition signatories to get the issue of incorporation on the ballot due to the COVID-19 outbreak. They had been expected to resume collecting signatures after the pandemic, but had been delayed by stalling from local legislators. Continuing the cause in 2021, the Preserve Navarre campaign began to conduct research regarding

4386-663: The Navarre Youth Sports Association. The largest of the parks are the Navarre Beach Marine Park , Navarre Park, and the Navarre Sports Complex. Navarre Park provides a play area for children, basketball courts, picnic pavilions, and restroom facilities. The park hosts several large community events each year. In October 2020, Phase 1 of park renovations began. Enhancements to the park include an interactive splash pad, ADA accessible restroom facilities, playgrounds for two age groups,

4488-517: The Spanish discovered half-cooked pieces of buffalo meat sitting over a fire, along with a fierce dog guarding the site. Due to the great number of oak trees in the area the campsite was named "El Robledal," meaning "The Oakgrove" in Spanish. After erecting a wooden cross and leaving gifts for the natives, the Spaniards continued their exploration upriver. Upon later return to El Robledal, the explorers noticed that their gifts had been taken. In return,

4590-677: The Vatican and the Escorial, and to library of the duke of Florence, but in the end he willed them to the College of San Pedro and San Pablo. He was particularly concerned about the native materials in his collection. For an account of what happened to these documents after the death of Sigüenza, see Lorenzo Boturini Bernaducci . Sigüenza wrote Indian Spring whose full title in Spanish is Primavera indiana, poema sacrohistórico, idea de María Santíssima de Guadalupe (1662). The work contributed to

4692-467: The agency met for what they called a "secret" meeting. The board president stated these meetings were closed due to their nature of discussing legal matters between members of the board and of several attorneys and lawyers. A new board was later elected, largely defusing the situation. The water system has subsequently received criticism after the new water board appointed a former Santa Rosa County commissioner who had just been voted out of his seat

4794-471: The area since at least 1827, when a map of West Florida includes listings of families by the name of Wyman and Williams living along Santa Rosa Sound in what would become Navarre. The Wyman family is believed to be related to Guy Wyman , who, along with his wife, would name the area "Navarre" and is now generally recognized as the town founder. The Williams family is likely the source of the name of William's Creek . While various settlers had been present in

4896-522: The area since before this time, Robledal was again populated sometime near 1856, with the establishment of a homestead by the Axelson Family. Due to the relative lack of information on the other families, as well as their homestead's location at Robledal, they are often considered Navarre's first settlers. Their home was along the shore of the East Bay, on a small cape , in which, they are now

4998-430: The ashes to which oblivion had consigned them, so that, like Western phoenixes, they may be immortalized by fame" and be recognized as having "heroic ... imperial virtues." Sigüenza praised the arch that Sor Juana had designed, but hers took the theme of Neptune in fable and did not manifest any explicit theme "contribut[ing] to the growth of creole patriotism." Sigüenza's ideas about the ancient Mexicans were informed by

5100-517: The chagrin of some local citizens. However, relatively little has been done to improve this within the last few years, beyond feasibility studies of possible improvements. Navarre is centered on the intersection of U.S. Highway 98 (named "Navarre Parkway" while within the town) and Florida State Road 87 (which has no official name, though is sometimes called "the Navarre Beach Expressway" by local residents). These provide

5202-496: The coast of Yucatán, Mexico. Seventeenth-century Mexico City had two savants, Don Carlos de Sigüenza y Góngora and Doña Juana Inés de Asbaje y Ramírez de Santillana, known to posterity as the Hieronymite nun, Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz . It is unclear at what point the two made their acquaintance, but they lived a short distance away from each other, he in the Amor de Dios Hospital and she in the convent where she had taken vows following

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5304-415: The construction of additional retail and box stores, residential complexes, and entertainment centers near the community's central business district. New development was announced in 2020 that would additionally expand commercial options on the east side of the community. In 2020, following a failed effort in 2014, a new effort in incorporating has been established by a local political action committee ,

5406-558: The crowd began throwing stones and set fire to the major buildings around the capital's principal square. Sigüenza saved most of the documents and some paintings in the archives , at the risk of his own life. This act preserved a considerable number of colonial Mexican documents that would otherwise have been lost. Scholars have noted the importance of the 1692 riot in Mexican history. In 1693, he (along with Admiral Andrés de Pez y Malzarraga), set sail from Veracruz, Mexico and discovered

5508-461: The death of Alva Ixtlilxochitl in 1650, he inherited the collection of documents, and devoted the later years of his life to the continuous study of Mexican history . When Sigüenza made his will shortly before his death, he was very concerned about the fate of his library, since its "collection has cost me great pains and care, and a considerable sum of money." His original intention was to have his library transferred to European repositories, including

5610-511: The end date has not been announced, it is expected to be finished in the 2026/27 timeframe. Navarre is located at 30°24′04″N 86°51′47″W  /  30.401°N 86.863°W  / 30.401; -86.863 . It is located within a portion of the Florida Panhandle observing the Central Time Zone . Elevation is at an average of 10 feet (3.0 m). Navarre is located on roughly 12 miles (19 km) of shoreline along

5712-520: The eventuality of his death, which came in 1700. A scientist to the end, he requested that his body be autopsied, so that physicians could determine what had afflicted him. He explicitly laid out the reasons and concerned that this radical step might be opposed on religious or other grounds by his relatives, he said "I ask in God's name that this [autopsy] be done for the common good, and I command my heir not to interfere, for it matters little that this be done to

5814-401: The fastest-growing communities in Florida. While protecting and enhancing the natural environment of the area; many steps have been taken to develop luxury accommodations, water activities, boutique shopping, scenic trails, schools and nature/educational opportunities. Navarre has been impacted significantly by hurricanes. Immediately preceding Hurricane Ivan and Hurricane Dennis , Navarre

5916-702: The fault of the Santa Rosa County Commission , the Butterfly House closed its Navarre Park location for the 2019 season. It moved to an historic home near Milton, Florida , a few miles north of Navarre, and reopened in 2021 in this new location. Education in Navarre is administrated by the Santa Rosa County District School system headquartered in Milton, Florida. The schools that serve the Navarre community are: Public library services are provided by

6018-542: The feasibility of Navarre incorporation. Therefore, once again possibly reviving the political question for the future. The latter group has since released a feasibility study (later updated according to local feedback) and a proposed charter. In May 2023, the Highway 98 widening project has begun in select areas of Navarre, specifically east of Highway 87. The project consists of drainage improvements, sidewalks, and adding 3 lanes to both eastbound and westbound lanes. While

6120-427: The general sourcing area for the capital, but the price of corn rose significantly. This caused a severe shortage of food for the poor. Tensions rose significantly in the capital, and came to a flashpoint when neither the viceroy nor the archbishop, to whom the crowd of petitioners appealed as legitimate authorities, would meet directly with them. Following the failed attempt to get any official audience or promise of aid,

6222-475: The huge riot on June 8, 1692, was a shock to Spaniards. A mob of Indians and castas partially destroyed the viceregal palace and the building of the city council ( cabildo or ayuntamiento ). Painter Cristóbal de Villalpando 's 1696 painting of the Zócalo still shows the damage to the viceregal palace from the mob's attempt to burn it down. Sigüenza wrote a lengthy "racy, vivid account of the riot...he also offered

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6324-622: The hugely valuable manuscripts from Alva Ixtlilxochitl, but he also developed ideas of his own about the origin of the Mexicans. He was one of the first persons, during Spanish rule, to dig around the Pyramid of the Sun at Teotihuacan . He took Italian traveler Giovanni Francesco Gemelli Careri to that ancient site. Sigüenza's ideas about the origins of the ancient Mexicans were influenced by German Jesuit Athanasius Kircher , who saw ancient Egypt as

6426-560: The incorporation of the community as a municipality. In 2018, there were protests against the Holley-Navarre Water System. The protests were over the water system's potential violations of the Florida Sunshine Law , which guarantees the rights for citizens and residents to access the meetings and public records of government agencies. The alleged violations occurred when the board of directors of

6528-483: The longest fishing pier on the Gulf of Mexico and in the state of Florida. The Panhandle Butterfly House on Navarre Parkway opened in 1997. Around 14,000 visitors stop by each year to see butterflies up close, learn about their life cycle, and find out how to attract butterflies to their own gardens. A highlight each year is the monarch migration; the orange and black butterflies are seen in the thousands as they travel to and from Mexico to breed. Due to miscommunication on

6630-470: The main pavilion of the park. For the first time since before hurricanes Ivan and Dennis, Navarre is now not only expanding in population, but in attractions, dining establishments, and other tourist options as well. In the late 2010s, Navarre saw the construction and opening of several major housing and apartment complexes, a brand new hotel, retail stores, several new restaurants and Santa Rosa County's first microbrewery. Expansion has since continued with

6732-542: The midseventeenth-century outpouring of writings on the Virgin of Guadalupe. Sigüenza wrote in praise of Guadalupe, especially her role in aiding creole patriotism. Among these documents was purported to be a "map" ( codex ) documenting the 1531 apparition of the Virgin Mary as Our Lady of Guadalupe that Luis Becerra Tanco claimed to have seen in the introduction to his 1666 defense of the apparition tradition. Sigüenza writings on Guadalupe were not extensive, but he encouraged Becerra Tanco and Francisco de Florencia to pursue

6834-442: The most significant findings in more than a century of scholarship on the book. The new archival evidence leaves no room to doubt that Sigüenza's key role in creating Los infortunios de Alonso Ramírez was in editing Alonso's coarse narrative into a superior literary piece. According to López Lázaro's analysis, the book was commissioned by the Spanish administration during the war against Louis XIV to solidify Madrid's commitment to

6936-486: The mouth of the Mississippi : in 1693, he described the terrain in Descripción del seno de Santa María de Galve, alias Panzacola, de la Mobila y del Río Misisipi . When a Spanish attempt to colonize Pensacola Bay in 1698 was thwarted by the arrival of a French fleet, Sigüenza was blamed by the leader of the expedition, Andrés de Arriola, for inciting the French action. He successfully defended himself against these charges in 1699. In order to supplement his modest salary as

7038-429: The name Neptune, the ruler of Atlantis, populated by Egyptian colonists. In advocating an Egyptian origin for the ancient Mexicans, he rejects Franciscan fray Juan de Torquemada 's dismissal of that theory. Sigüenza, also as opposed to Torquemada, believed that St Thomas the Apostle evangelized Mexico and identified him with Quetzalcoatl. He gave notice that a pamphlet entitled Phoenix of the West. St Thomas found with

7140-400: The name of Quetzalcoatl would be published, but whether he wrote it or not is unclear, since many of Sigüenza's works remain in title only. Considering the small proportion of the Spanish population in Mexico as opposed to the Indian and mixed-race casta populations and that the fact that there had been few challenges to Spanish rule since the early sixteenth-century conquest, likely meant

7242-490: The namesake, after the point was officially designated, Axelson Point . Soon after their settlement in what would become Navarre, they established a shipyard on Axelson Point, jutting into what was also then called, Axelson Cove. The shipyard was considered to be mostly successful, as the family made a business of fixing ships in port in the nearby deep-water port in Pensacola and the river port in Milton , as well as building large-scale ships of their own. The shipyard

7344-631: The natives had also constructed a wooden cross and left a buffalo hide as a peace offering. The earliest known map of Robledal dates from 1693, the same year as the Pez-Sigüenza Expedition. Three years later, in a 1698 map by Don Andrés de Arriola y Guzmán (the first governor of a settlement in the Pensacola area after the Tristán de Luna y Arellano colony was abandoned), Robledal is again noted. White settlers are noted as living in

7446-461: The new Viceroy , Cerda y Aragón . Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz was commissioned to design the only other one, which were erected in the Plaza de Santo Domingo, near the main square or Zócalo. No image of the triumphal arches is known to be extant, but both Sigüenza and Sor Juana wrote descriptions of the works. Sigüenza's work was entitled Theater of Political Virtues That Constitute a Ruler, Observed in

7548-442: The new viceroy to New Spain, each was tapped to design a triumphal arch to welcome him, a signal honor to them both. Sor Juana's final years were extremely difficult ones, and when she died in 1695, Sigüenza delivered the eulogy at her funeral. The text of that address is now lost, but in 1680 he had praised her, "There is no pen that can rise to the eminence that hers o'ertops...[the fame of] Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz will only end with

7650-442: The northwest corner of the intersection of SRs 87 and 4. Navarre, Florida Navarre is a census-designated place and unincorporated community in Santa Rosa County in the northwest Florida Panhandle . It is a major bedroom community for mostly U.S. military personnel , federal civil servants , local population, retirees and defense contractors. Due to Navarre Beach and the 4 miles (6.4 km) of beach front on

7752-462: The population quickly flourishing . This area of Florida is consistently listed as one of the worst places for hurricanes. Navarre Beach is the beach neighborhood of Navarre and is, as of the 2010 census, its own census designated place. It is on Santa Rosa Island , a barrier island in the Gulf of Mexico. The 2020 population of the CDP is 1,123, up from 638 at the 2010 census. Immediately to its east

7854-571: The position of University Accountant. The death of his patron the Archbishop was clustered with the death of Sigüenza's father and favorite brother. His dear friend Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz died and he delivered the eulogy at her funeral. In November 1699, Sigüenza was named corregidor general (book examiner) for the Inquisition , a position that paid little and which took up considerable time vetting books for possible heresy. As his health deteriorated in these circumstances, Sigüenza prepared for

7956-509: The position, and the person who vociferously argued that Sigüenza had no standing to even compete, had to be kept under surveillance during the competition to prevent cheating. On July 20, 1672, he was named to the chair of Mathematics and Astrology. His record as a professor was marred because he was frequently absent from the classroom due to his researches on various topics and to the pressing of other obligations he took on for fiscal reasons. One of his biographers suggests that his absences from

8058-570: The previous decade to build onto this fact. This includes the: Emerald Coast Wildlife Refuge , Navarre Beach Marine Science Station, Navarre Beach Sea Turtle Conservation Center , Sandspur Wildlife Sanctuary , and the Navarre Beach Marine Life Sanctuary. In 2010 the Navarre Beach Fishing Pier was rebuilt after repeated damage from hurricanes. At 1,545 feet (471 m), it is currently

8160-547: The residents and visitors. Navarre's fourth hotel became the first beachfront hotel to operate since 2004 when it opened in 2017. Navarre is an increasing destination for ecotourism due to its location at the center of the Gulf of Mexico and several important statuaries, as well as its location at the southend of a large and undeveloped woodlands on Eglin Air Force Base . A half-dozen wildlife sanctuaries, conservation centers, and rehabilitation centers have opened in

8262-527: The source of all natural wisdom. Sigüenza embraced Kircher's ideas and in the publication accompanying his triumphal arch for the arrival of the new viceroy, Theater of Political Virtues That Constitute a Ruler , "he boldly pronounced that the Mexican Indians were the descendants of the Naphtuhim, the son of Misraim, founder and ruler of Egypt," and further asserted that Naphtuhim was a variation on

8364-587: The struggle against French colonial rivals and their buccaneer collaborators but also to warn them about Spain's unreliable English and Dutch allies. In his critical bilingual edition of the Infortunios/Misfortunes , Buscaglia argues that the work opens a door into the intricacies of early American subjectivity. In the same edition, Buscaglia furnishes concrete proof of having found the shipwreck of Ramirez's frigate in Punta Herradura, on

8466-590: The topic. Because of his association with these early documents, Sigüenza played a significant role in the development of the Guadalupe story. He was a devotee of the Virgin, and wrote Parnassian poems to her as early as 1662. But his most lasting impact on the history of the apparition was his assertion that the Nican mopohua , the Nahuatl -language rendition of the narrative, was written by Antonio Valeriano ,

8568-607: The two are often confused by residents and tourists alike and are often instead referred to as "Gulf Boulevard" and "East Bay Boulevard" respectively. Gulf Boulevard, which has its northern terminus in Navarre, travels on Santa Rosa Island , ultimately going through the Opal Beach section of the Gulf Islands National Seashore , Pensacola Beach , then ending in Gulf Breeze . East Bay Boulevard, which has its eastern terminus in Navarre, travels roughly parallel to East Bay and

8670-707: The two largest connections in and out of the town. The Parkway (US 98) connects west to Pensacola , ultimately ending in Mississippi , and connects east to Destin and Panama City , ultimately ending in Palm Beach, Florida . The Expressway has its southern terminus in Navarre; however, it connects north to Interstate 10 and Milton , then ending at the Alabama state border . Navarre also has secondary connections through Florida State Road 399 and Santa Rosa County Road 399. Because of their matching shield numbers,

8772-532: The university might be attributable to his disdain for astrology, which he considered "a diabolical invention and consequently, alien to science, method, principle and truth." In 1681 Sigüenza wrote the book Philosophical Manifest Against the Comets Stripped of their Dominion over the Timid in which he tried to dismiss fears of impending superstitious predictions that linked comets to calamitous events; in

8874-522: The waters on which they traveled, "The River Jordan". On April 11, 1693, while sailing up East Bay River, sailors aboard the Spanish ships noticed a group of Native Americans observing from a camp near the shore. In order to greet the natives, a landing party was sent out. By the time the Spanish reached the shore, however, the Native Americans were gone. As the Natives quickly abandoned camp

8976-718: The west; Hurlburt Field and Eglin Air Force Base to the east; and Naval Air Station Whiting Field to the North. Tourism has increased in the Navarre area since 2010, being declared "Florida's Best Kept Secret" by the local hospitality business. Navarre has a park on the mainland next to Navarre Beach bridge and the Intracoastal Waterway that contains a visitor information center; water splash pad, playground, gazebos, pier and small beachfront. Boating, Surfing, jet skiing, paddle boarding, fishing, bird watching, exploring scenic trails, and walking/jogging are popular among

9078-467: The work he takes steps to separate the fields of astrology and astronomy. The Tyrolean Jesuit Eusebio Kino , who had come to New Spain to evangelize on the northern frontier, met Sigüenza at his home in Mexico City. Both men had observed the comet of 1680 and both were keenly interested in the phenomenon. The warm feelings between the two soured quickly, with Sigüenza believing that Kino belittled Mexican-born Spaniards' (creoles) level learning. Kino published

9180-504: The world." Sigüenza had a strong interest in the indigenous past of Mexico and began learning Nahuatl following his dismissal from the Jesuits in 1668. He collected books and other materials related to indigenous culture. At the Hospital de Amor de Dioas Sigüenza became a close friend of Don Juan, the son of indigenous nobleman Don Fernando de Alva Ixtlilxochitl, (1587?-1650). Sigüenza helped Alva Ixtlilxochitl's on Don Juan de Alva with

9282-581: Was a criollo patriot, exalting New Spain over Old. A polymath and writer, he held many colonial government and academic positions. Sigüenza is considered the da Vinci mexicano ("Mexican da Vinci "). Sigüenza was born in Mexico City in 1645 to Don Carlos de Sigüenza y Benito, originally from Madrid, and to Doña Dionisia Suárez de Figueroa y Góngora, born in Seville, Spain, whom the elder Don Carlos met following his arrival New Spain in 1640. Sigüenza

9384-455: Was dismissed from the Jesuits in 1668, for repeatedly flouting Jesuit discipline and going out secretly at night. He repented and pleaded to be reinstated, but the head of the Jesuits, the General of the Order, rejected his plea, saying "The cause of the expulsion of this person is so disreputable, as he himself confesses, that he does not deserve this boon [of being readmitted]." This dismissal

9486-568: Was in operation until approximately 1890. During the American Civil War , despite the political ideology of citizens in the local area, records make it seem as though the Axelson's were pro-union. This is substantiated by a record showing that, while many businesses in the area were becoming ruined due to the Union blockade of southern ports, the Axelson's shipyard was quite busy and prosperous, primarily from business completed with

9588-404: Was located off the Santa Rosa Sound and encompassed a portion of present-day Navarre. The settlement, which formerly existed as a post office location, was named after a local postmaster, John Eagan Esq., a Pensacola lawyer and politician. Following the post office's discontinuation on September 11, 1884, families continued to live in the area, and the town continued to appear on area maps even into

9690-469: Was not a deity but a "chieftain and leader of Mexicans in the voyage that by his command was undertaken in search of the provinces of Anahuac." Sigüenza's gigantic wooden arch (90 feet high, fifty feet wide) was a manifestation of creole patriotism that embraced the florescence of the Aztecs as a source of their own pride in their patria. He hoped that "on some occasion the Mexican monarchs might be reborn from

9792-402: Was not only a grave disappointment and a blot on his reputation, but it also meant that he would be financially insecure for the rest of this life. He became a secular priest without a parish or a steady income, so the multiple offices he sought during his lifetime were to support himself and his extended family, all of whom, including his father, were dependent on him to the end of his life. He

9894-554: Was ordained a secular priest in 1673. He studied at the Real y Pontificia Universidad de México ( Royal and Pontifical University of Mexico ) following his dismissal from the Jesuits, and excelled at mathematics and developed a lifelong interest in the sciences. When a faculty position in Mathematics & Astrology (when he held it he taught mainly astronomy ) was available, Sigüenza sought to compete for it, although he did not hold

9996-571: Was responsible for scouting and mapping possible sites of Spanish colonization in Northwest Florida during the expedition. While traveling in the area of East Bay in April 1693 the Spanish discovered what is today called the East Bay River . In honor of Captain Jordan de Reina, an officer who had taken part in the Barroto-Romero voyage of 1686 as well as Sigüenza's in 1693, the Spanish dubbed

10098-428: Was seeing a new strand of growth and economic advancement. This, however, quickly came to a close, as Navarre suffered horribly during the events of those hurricanes. Many planned developments stopped and decided to delay their plans until a later date, many of which were never resumed or completed. This hard mark against Navarre lingered until the mid and late 2010s. On March 10, 2015, a UH-60 , call sign MOJO 69, from

10200-524: Was the first to discover archival evidence (published in 2007) for the historical existence of Ramírez, his meeting with the Viceroy of New Spain, and the writing of Los infortunios in 1690. Buscaglia corroborated the existence of Alonso Ramírez as a true historical figure in 2009, citing his marriage certificate and pinpointing with exactitude, after two expeditions to the coast of Bacalar, the site of his shipwreck. López Lázaro's and Buscaglia's studies are

10302-512: Was the second oldest and first male of nine siblings. He was related to the famous baroque Spanish poet Luis de Góngora through his mother. He studied mathematics and astronomy under the direction of his father, who had been a tutor for the royal family in Spain . Sigüenza entered the Society of Jesus as a novice August 17, 1660, took simple vows August 15, 1662 at Tepotzotlán . But he

10404-411: Was unlike many of his other writings, which remained in manuscript form because he could not afford to publish them. He directly attacks Kino by saying "I hereby point out that neither his Reverence [Kino] nor any other mathematician, even if he is Ptolemy himself, can set up dogmas in these sciences, because authority has no place in them at all, but only proof and demonstration." Theology was known as

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