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50-529: After the Conquest of Sylhet in 1303, many disciples of Shah Jalal migrated and settled in present-day Nabiganj where they preached Islam to the local people. Shah Sikandar migrated to Paschimgaon (Sikandarpur), Hafiz Muhammad Zakariyyah Arabi to Pithua, Shah Sadruddin Qurayshi to Parbatpur (Sadrabad) and Qazi Tajuddin Qurayshi to Chouki. In the late 17th century, Inathganj Bazar was founded. Inathganj became

100-489: A Muslim living in the village of Tultikar, sacrificed a cow for his newborn son's aqiqah or celebration of birth. The beef was supposedly picked up by a kite, which then flew to Govinda's Hindu temple and dropped it there. Govinda, in a fury for what he saw as sacrilege due to his Hindu beliefs , had the newborn killed as well as having Burhanuddin's right hand cut off. Shortly after this incident, Qadi Nuruddin of Taraf celebrated his son's marriage ceremony by slaughtering

150-464: A ballad known as Shantiranir Baromashi (Shantirani's twelve months). After the successful conquest of Gour, Syed Nasiruddin set off on an expedition against the feudal Raja Achak Narayan of Tungachal, which had been a part of the Gour Kingdom . Nasiruddin arrived with 1000 lascars and 12 Saints sent by Shahjalal (r) to help him. He camped in a place now known as Laskarpur. Raja Achak Narayan

200-551: A centre for the Asian Jute trade . The current Inathganj High School was originally a jute warehouse. Many ships would crowd in the banks of Inathganj Bazar, and go to many corners of the world, and evidence of this remains at the present-day high school. Nabiganj is located at 24°34′01″N 91°30′51″E  /  24.56701°N 91.51430°E  / 24.56701; 91.51430 . It has 61,770 households and total area 439.61 km (169.73 sq mi). According to

250-530: A cow for them to eat. The Qadi was executed by the feudal ruler Achack Narayan. After both men being punished, Burhanuddin and Nooruddin's brother, Helimuddin, travelled to lower Bengal where they addressed their issued with Sultan Shamsuddin Firoz Shah. At the same time, a Sufi missionary by the name of Shah Jalal was due to arrive in the region of Bengal. After being commanded by his uncle, Sheikh Kabir before his journey to reside and propagate Islam in

300-640: A homogeneous rule in Anatolia. The further steps towards a single rule by the Ottomans were taken by Selim I who conquered territories of Ramadanids and Dulkadirids in 1515 during his campaign against the Mamluks , and his son Süleyman the Magnificent who more or less completely united the present territories of Turkey (and much more) in his 1534 campaign. Many of the former Anatolian beyliks became

350-652: A minor kingdom in the immediate vicinity of larger kingdoms, such as the medieval Kingdom of Mann and the Isles relative to the kingdoms of Scotland or England or the Viking kingdoms of Scandinavia. In the parallel mainland Southeast Asian political model , petty kingdoms were known as mueang . By the European High Middle Ages , many post-Roman Early Middle Ages petty kingdoms had evolved into principalities , grand duchies , or duchies . By

400-478: A region in which the soil matches the one that was given to him in his home country, Shah Jalal knew that it is in Srihatta where he shall reside in for the rest of his life. Shah Jalal journeyed eastward and reached India in c. 1300, where he met many great scholars and Sufi mystics. As Govinda's minister, Mona Rai , was based near the port, Rai decided to stop river transport and ferries making it difficult for

450-464: A seemingly idealized division of kingdoms. The island is traditionally divided into five provinces or "fifths" (Old Irish cóiceda , Modern Irish cúige ), four of which survive today: Ulaid ( Ulster , modern Irish Ulaidh ) in the north, Cóiced Ol nEchmacht ( Connacht ) in the west, Mumha ( Munster , modern Irish an Mhumhain ) in the south west, and Laigin ( Leinster , modern Irish Laighin ) in

500-523: Is a kingdom described as minor or "petty" (from the French 'petit' meaning small) by contrast to an empire or unified kingdom that either preceded or succeeded it (e.g. the numerous kingdoms of Anglo-Saxon England unified into the Kingdom of England in the 10th century, or the numerous Gaelic kingdoms of Ireland as the Kingdom of Ireland in the 16th century). Alternatively, a petty kingdom would be

550-454: Is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Conquest of Sylhet Muslim victory • Effective and the end of Gour Kingdom • Gour Govinda surrendered The Conquest of Sylhet ( Bengali : শ্রীহট্টের বিজয় , romanized :  Srīhôtter Bijôy , lit.   'Conquest of Srihatta') predominantly refers to an Islamic conquest of Srihatta (present-day Sylhet , Bangladesh ) led by Sikandar Khan Ghazi ,

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600-691: Is famously known to have built a seven-storey brick tower. There was a small minority of Muslim families living in the country, following the short-lived Azmardan Invasion in 1254 led by the Governor of Bengal, Malik Ikhtiyaruddin Iuzbak . The Gour Kingdom bordered the independent Bengali principality of Lakhnauti ruled by the Muslim Sultan Shamsuddin Firoz Shah of the Balban dynasty. The war began when Burhanuddin ,

650-587: The Gulzar-i-Abrar , a Muslim account of the war. They were defeated once again and Sikandar retreated back to Bengal for a second time, humiliated by what had occurred. Firoz Shah then turned to his Sipah Salar (commander-in-chief) Syed Nasiruddin as he realised that this undertaking was much bigger than he anticipated and he would need a larger and more skilled army. The two armies decided to attack together but it ended in failure due to Govinda's superior military strategy. Govinda's family rejoiced over

700-431: The 2011 Census of Bangladesh , Nabiganj Upazila had 61,770 households and a population of 345,179. 95,265 (27.60%) were under 10 years of age. Nabiganj had a literacy rate (age 7 and over) of 41.01%, compared to the national average of 51.8%, and a sex ratio of 1034 females per 1000 males. 29,513 (8.55%) lived in urban areas. As of the 1991 Bangladesh census , Nabiganj has a population of 246933. Males constitute 50.27% of

750-551: The Caliphate of Cordoba in 1031. There were various Christian petty kingdoms as well on the peninsula that, in the Middle Ages, consolidated into the modern states of Spain and Portugal . Over time, these consolidated into two "Crowns" that were themselves unified in the late 15th and early 16th centuries to the unified Kingdom of Spain . These include: The Kingdom of Portugal remained independent throughout most of

800-687: The Five Boroughs of the Danelaw ( a.k.a. Danish Mercia). They also controlled the Kingdom of East Anglia during this period. Prior to the arrival of the Angles, Saxons and Jutes (the later Anglo-Saxons) what is now England was ruled by numerous Brittonic kings, which are discussed under Wales below. The taifa were the various Islamic petty kingdoms that existed in Iberia after the collapse of

850-958: The unification of Nepal by the Shah Dynasty there were dozens of petty kingdoms. The Karnali region was called the Baise Rajya ( Nepali : बाइसे राज्य ), i.e. 22 Kingdoms, and the Gandaki region to the east was called Chaubisi Rajya ( Nepali : चौबिसी राज्य ), i.e. 24 Kingdoms. The petty kingdoms of Norway numbered at least 28: The Pre-colonial petty kingdoms of the Philippines were locally known as Barangays and can be divided into culture groups, over whether they were predominantly Malay, Indianized, Sinified or Islamized. Medieval Serbia comprised, at various time periods, smaller kingdoms of Rascia , Zeta (Dioclea, corresponding to portions of contemporary Montenegro), Syrmia and

900-628: The Chaggaland, were a pre-colonial series of a Bantu sovereign states of the Chagga people on Mount Kilimanjaro in modern-day northern Kilimanjaro Region of Tanzania . The mountain was divided into kingdoms, which the British authority ultimately degraded to chiefdoms and which, by 1886, were governed by sovereign independent mangis (kings in Kichagga ). After that, Kilimanjaro was included in

950-774: The European Early Modern era , many of these principalities had been mediatized into larger monarchies, but the ruling families were not considered morganatic for marriage considerations, and ranked equal to royal families in society. The various small states of the Holy Roman Empire are generally not considered to be petty kingdoms since they were at least nominally subject to the Holy Roman Emperor and not fully independent. Beyliks were small Turkish principalities (or petty kingdoms) governed by Beys , which were founded across Anatolia at

1000-568: The Irish petty kingdoms, there was a Norse presence on the island from the 9th century. They conquered Dublin, where they established the Kingdom of Dublin (Old Norse: Dyflin , Old Irish: Duibhlinn ), which at various points was closely tied with the Norse Kingdom of Jórvík which was centred on modern York, England. The Norse also controlled several other coastal settlements, including Wexford, Waterford, Cork and Limerick. Before

1050-533: The Muslims. Out of embarrassment, Garuda appeared to committed suicide, jumping off the boat at Puni beel . The boatmen, however, continued taking Apurna and Shantipriya to Tungachal, eventually finding refuge with Raja Achak Narayan, though the boatmen themselves were killed. Apurna and Shantipriya made a vow in Tunganath Shiva temple to fast for ninety days, hoping for safety. The incident is mentioned in

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1100-626: The Welsh people shared a deeply felt sentiment of nationality, as reflected in Welsh law codified in the 10th century. According to historian Professor John Davies, there are four geographic regions more or less equal in terms of resources and population, from which four principalities emerged: Ynys Môn for Gwynedd, the Severn river valley for Powys, the Vale for Glamorgan and the lands up to the Wye (Morgannwg), and

1150-630: The Ystrad Tywi (Valley of the Tywi) for Deheubarth. Rhodri the Great inherited Gwynedd from his father and Powys through his mother, and married Angharad of Seisyllwg (Ceredigion and Carmarthenshire) and ruling there by right of his wife. Rhodri exerted great influence in the rest of Wales as well, and after his death his realms were divided amongst his sons. Nevertheless, the House of Aberffraw of Gwynedd, as

1200-533: The army decided to spend a night in his company. A much larger army was made, and this new and improved army travelled to Sylhet via Cumilla and Habiganj . The army was then guided through Sylhet once again by Ghazi Burhanuddin , ultimately arriving at the banks of the Barak River . They set their camp on top of a small hillock, northwest of the Kangsa-Nisudhana temple. From here the third battle

1250-420: The army should train and prepare before readying themselves for another battle. In the second expedition, Sikandar took the same recognised route through Mymensingh. As the army marched through the hills, a storm took place. Due to heavy rainfall and flooding, nearly half of the army died by the time Sikandar reached Govinda. Govinda's massive war boats looked as if they were floating forts on the water according to

1300-488: The basis for administrative subdivisions in the Ottoman Empire. Before the Kingdom of England was established as a united entity, there were various kingdoms in the area—of which the main seven were known as the heptarchy . These were Wessex , Mercia , Northumbria (which also extended into present-day Scotland and originally formed from the earlier kingdoms of Deira and Bernicia ), East Anglia (formed from

1350-860: The capture of nearby Taraf . চৌকি নামে ছিল যেই পরগণা দিনারপুর Chouki name chhilô jei Pôrgôṇa Dinarpur ছিলটের হদ্দ ছিল সাবেক মসুর Silôṭer hôddô chhilô śabeq môśur সেখানে আসিয়া তিনি পৌছিলা যখন śekhane aśiẏa tini pouchhila jôkhôn খবর পাইলা রাজা গোবিন্দ তখন । khôbôr paila Raja Gobindô tôkhôn এপারে হজরত তার লস্কর সহিতে epare Hôzrôt tar lôśkôr śôhite আসিয়া পৌছিলা এক নদীর পারেতে aśiẏa pouchhila ek nôdīr parete বরাক নামে নদী ছিল যে মসুর Bôrak name nôdī chhilo je môśur যাহার নিকট গ্রাম নাম বাহাদুরপুর। jahar nikoṭ gram nam Bahadurpur যখন পৌছিলা তিনি নদীর কেনার jôkhôn pouchhila tini nôdīr kenar নৌকা বিনা সে নদীও হইলেন পার। nouka bina she nôdīo hôilen par Tārīkh-e-Jalālī The Greater Sylhet region historically consisted of many Hindu petty kingdoms such as Srihatta (Gour) , Laur and Jaintia . Govinda

1400-462: The care of the priest. Following this, he took his wife, Hiravati, and son, Nirvana, with him to Kamrup . Garuda and his family, taking shelter at Grivakali shrine, then decided to head off to Tungachal . They set on a boat at Dhanuhatta driven by the royal servants Ghaturam and Jharuram. However, they were seen by Subid, a rebel from the time of Raja Govardhan's fall, who informed the Muslims of their actions; leading to Garuda's boat being followed by

1450-520: The duchy of Hum (roughly corresponding to present-day Herzegovina and some of its surroundings). There were many petty kingdoms in Scotland before its unification. They can be grouped by language: According to the Norse sagas , and modern history, Sweden was divided into more-or-less independent units in some areas corresponding to the folklands and the modern traditional provinces. According to

1500-570: The end of the 11th century in a first period, and more extensively during the decline of the Seljuq Sultanate of Rum during the second half of the 13th century. The Ottoman Empire quickly collected itself under Mehmed I and his son Murad II re-incorporated most of these beyliks into Ottoman territory in a space of around 25 years. The final blow for the Karamanids was struck by Mehmed II who conquered their lands and re-assured

1550-475: The governing structure, and the "chiefs" authority was constrained accordingly. From 1886 to 1916, Kilimanjaro was governed by the Germans as part of German East Africa. From 1916 to 1961, it was governed by the British as a part of the territory that had been renamed Tanganyika. In December 1961, it was incorporated into the independent sovereign state of Tanganyika. However, as of 1899, there were 37 Kingdoms atop

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1600-526: The military general of Sultan Shamsuddin Firoz Shah of the Lakhnauti Sultanate , against the Hindu king Gour Govinda . The conquest was aided by a Muslim saint known as Shah Jalal , who later ordered his disciples to scatter throughout eastern Bengal and propagate the religion of Islam. The Conquest of Sylhet may also include other minor incidents taking place after Govinda's defeat, such as

1650-498: The mountain, according to August Windenmann, a German surgeon stationed at Moshi in the 1890s. Rarely has the country of Wales formed one cohesive kingdom. For the greater part of its history, Wales evolved into four kingdoms, or principalities, following the Roman withdrawal from Britain in the 5th century. Mountainous terrain, forested river valleys, and remote upland moors contributed to a strong sense of localism and autonomy, though

1700-468: The opponents as the only other option was through the hills. When word of this reached Sultan Shamsuddin Firoz Shah , the commanded his nephew Sikandar Khan Ghazi to lead an army against the Raja. Sikandar marched with his soldiers towards the low-lying hills of Sylhet via Mymensingh . Govinda appointed Chakrapani as his commander-in-chief. The army was confronted by Govinda's skilful archery. Govinda's army

1750-631: The other kings. These two titles were not mutually exclusive and were often held by the same individual. Each of the kings of these kingdoms (titled rí ruirech or 'king of over-kings') was himself an over-king of several regional kings (titled rí buiden or rí tuath ), who in turn ruled over several túatha , whose rulers held the title rí benn or ri tuaithe . The territories and hierarchy of all of these constantly shifted as old dynasties died and new ones formed, and as lower kings took higher positions. Many of these túatha survived as later Irish baronies . Several of

1800-802: The period of consolidation, except for a period of 60 years (1580–1640) when it was part of the Iberian Union . The earliest known kingdoms or tribes in Ireland are referred to in Ptolemy 's Geography , written in the 2nd century. He names the Vennicni , Rhobogdi , Erdini , Magnatae , Autini , Gangani , Vellabori , Darini , Voluntii (identified as the Ulaid nation or Uluti tribe), Eblani , Cauci , Menapii , Coriondi and Brigantes tribes and kingdoms. Irish medieval pseudohistory gives

1850-527: The population, and females 49.73%. This Upazila's eighteen up population is 126527. Nabiganj has an average literacy rate of 26.4% (7+ years), and the national average of 32.4% literate. Nabiganj Upazila is divided into 13 union parishads : Aushkandi, Bausha, Debparra, Digholbak, Gaznaipur, Inatganj, Kaliarbhanga, Kargoan, Kurshi, Nabiganj Sadar, Paniumda, Paschim Bara Bhakoir, and Purba Bara Bhakoir. The union parishads are subdivided into 219 mauzas and 355 villages. This Sylhet Division location article

1900-563: The population. To this day, the remains of Gour Govinda's fort can be found in Chowhatta, Sylhet . Many of Shah Jalal 's companions migrated to other places in Eastern India to preach the religion of Islam. The Muslims were not interested in conquering other neighbouring kingdoms such as Laur , Jaintia and Twipra , which would be conquered much later during Mughal rule and British rule . Petty kingdom A petty kingdom

1950-790: The regional kings were at various points independent of their provincial over-king and indeed rivalled them in power and territory. Bréifne was originally part of Connacht but much of it lay in what is today Ulster. It later split into East and West Bréifne . Airgíalla (Oriel) and Cenél nEógain (also known as the Northern Uí Néill, in contrast to the Southern Uí Néill who ruled Mide ; In Fochla or In Tuaiscert , both meaning "the North"; Ailech ; and Tyrone/ Tír Eoghain ) were nominally part of Ulaid . Osraige (Ossory)

2000-514: The sagas, the folklands and provinces of eastern Svealand were united under the Swedish king at Gamla Uppsala . Moreover, the domains of this king could also include parts of Götaland and even southern Norway. This probably reflects the volatile politics of Iron Age Scandinavia. The province of Småland once consisted of several petty kingdoms; indeed, the name Småland means small lands/countries. Chagga Kingdoms, also historically referred to as

2050-461: The senior line descendants of Rhodri the Great , claimed overlordship over the whole of Wales, though they would encounter resistance by junior dynasts of Dinefwr. It would not be until the 1216 Council of Aberdyfi that the Aberffraw line under Llywelyn the Great would be able to secure their position as Prince of the Welsh. There existed other Brittonic petty kingdoms outside modern Wales and

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2100-596: The soil in Srihatta with that which was previously given by Ahmad Kabir, finding them to be identical. In any case, following the battle, Shah Jalal along with his followers permanently settled in Sylhet. Govinda retreated with his family to Harong Hurong cave in Mulnicherra. He then went to the shrine of Grivakali, where he left his aunt, Apurna, and his cousin Garuda and cousin-in-law Shantipriya (or Shantirani) in

2150-601: The south east. The fifth kingdom, Mide (whose name has survived in the modern counties of Meath and Westmeath , modern Irish an Mhí and an Iarmhí ) in the centre/east, ceased to exist in the Middle Ages. At various points in history there existed a High King of Ireland , who ruled over the other kings as suzerain , much like the British High Kings and Anglo-Saxon Bretwalda . There also existed Kings of Tara who did not rule all of Ireland but were recognised as holding positions of authority over

2200-499: The three consecutive victories and his aunt Apurna, the queen-mother and wife of the previous Raja Govardhan , celebrated by building a large 20-acre water tank in Ambarkhana known as Rajar Mar Dighi . Nasiruddin then returned to Bengal where he heard of the arrival of the famous saint Shah Jalal , as well as his companions who at this point numbered around 360. Shah Jalal was famed for his strong physique and tall stature, and

2250-603: The union of the early kingdoms of Suffolk and Norfolk ), Sussex , Kent , and Essex . Other small Anglo-Saxon kingdoms existed at various points, including Hwicce , Lindsey (which survived as the Parts of Lindsey , Lincolnshire ) and the Wihtwara (Isle of Wight). These are commonly referred to as "petty kingdoms". During the 9th and 10th centuries, the Norse also established the Kingdom of Jórvík centred around York, and

2300-707: Was a conservative Hindu ruler of the Gour Kingdom , intolerant and harsh towards other faiths such as Islam, Buddhism and even certain denominations of Hinduism. It was known by his people that Govinda practiced magic which he had learnt in the mountains of Kamaru and was religiously and militarily educated for twelve years in the Kamakhya Temple , and Kulsia Ashram (on the banks of the Kulsi River in modern-day Sualkuchi or Kulsi Reserve Forest) respectively. During his reign, he built forts all over his kingdom and established many military training camps. He

2350-472: Was also defeated and fled with his family to Mathura . Shantipriya was said to have also committed suicide. Following a victory, Tungachal was annexed to Bengal and renamed as Taraf . The 12 saints who accompanied Nasiruddin are as follows: Gour and Taraf were then incorporated into Shamsuddin Firoz Shah 's kingdom with Sikandar Khan Ghazi being the first Wazir of Sylhet. Gour was nicknamed Jalalabad after Shah Jalal for his aid in delivering Islam to

2400-509: Was fought between Gour Govinda and the combined armies of Shah Jalal and Syed Nasiruddin, with the latter forces ultimately claiming victory. Shah Jalal called out the adhan as the time for salah approached and the army were able to destroy Govinda's 7-storey Gorduar palace. After hearing that his commander Mona Rai was killed, Govinda was forced to retreat and Srihatta was brought under Muslim control. According to tradition, another disciple of Shah Jalal, Shah Chashni Pir at this point compared

2450-406: Was noted as Bengal 's first army which practised the skillful art of archery . The Bengali army, inexperienced in the foreign terrain which consisted of many low-lying hills and valleys, were brought to utter shame by Govinda's archers and had no option but to retreat back to Muslim Bengal to avoid casualties. The Sultan was not happy at all with the result of the first battle and decided that

2500-607: Was originally part of Mumha , but lay between Mumha and Laigin and was controlled by both at various points. Dál Riata was also an Irish (sub-)kingdom, which mostly lay in modern Argyll and Bute in Scotland but originated in and initially extended into north-eastern Ireland and was (nominally) subject to Ulaid . In the 12th century Munster was split into two smaller over-kingdoms: Deasmhumhain (Desmond, literally South Munster) and Tuadhmhumhain (Thomond, literally North Munster). In addition to

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