56-474: Nagai Park ( 長居公園 , Nagai kōen ) is a large sports complex located in Higashisumiyoshi-ku , Osaka . Its facilities include three multipurpose sports stadiums, including 50,000-seat Nagai Stadium ; Nagai Botanical Garden , which has over 1,000 species of trees and flowers; a swimming pool and gymnasium; and a tract of preserved local forest. It also hosts a large number of cherry trees and
112-565: A motto between two swastikas: “I call the youth of the world” and 11. Olympic Games Berlin inscribed upon it. It was located amongst the tiers of the Maifeld stand, acting as the pinnacle of the Reich Sports Field's western end. An observation deck inside provided views of the city of Berlin. During the games it would be utilized as an observation post for administrators, police officials, doctors, and media officials. The hanging of
168-519: A new site to the west of Berlin by the time they settled upon a site in Ruhleben , where the club would lease land and manage a horse racing track from 1884 until 1893. In 1906 Victor von Podbielski was able to arrange for the "Union-Klub to find another location in the Grunewald. In February 1907, the organization signed a 30-year lease for land north of Döberitzer Heerstraße . This would become
224-556: A previously voiced opposition to renovating the stadium, to a more favorable attitude towards the project on the condition that they were to be compensated for the horse races that would have to be suspended during the construction process. The Ministry of Agriculture then agreed to lease the entire grounds to the Racing Association with the condition that the sub-lease of the stadium by the DRA should be continued. The land east of
280-726: A sub-lessee of the City of Berlin. Their second condition was for the Reich to forfeit any claims it had to ownership of the stadium, resigning this right solely to the City of Berlin. This far into their negotiations Adolf Hitler visited the Deutsches Stadion on 5 October 1933, and announced his decision. Hitler was quick in his decision to alter the existing architectural plans for the Olympic venues, as he desired more grand and extravagant venues than those that had been proposed before
336-3512: Is a popular area for picnics during cherry blossom ( sakura ) season in early spring. 34°36′43″N 135°31′14″E / 34.61194°N 135.52056°E / 34.61194; 135.52056 Sports complex Group of sports facilities A sports complex is a group of sports facilities. For example, there are track and field stadiums , football stadiums , baseball stadiums , swimming pools , Olympic Parks , and indoor arenas . Asia [ edit ] Azadi Sport Complex Cebu City Sports Complex Dasana Indah Sport City Davao City–UP Sports Complex Davao del Norte Sports Complex Deli Sport City Doyo Baru Sport Complex Gelora Bung Karno Sports Complex Gelora Bung Tomo Sports Complex Rizal Memorial Sports Complex Jerusalem Sports Quarter Jakabaring Sport City Jalak Harupat Sports Complex JRD Tata Sports Complex Kai Tak Sports Park Kalinga Stadium Lukas Enembe Sport Complex Malaysia National Sports Complex Marikina Sports Center Mimika Sport Complex Nanjing Olympic Sports Center New Clark City Sports Complex Olympic Green Panaad Park and Sports Complex Rawamangun Sports Complex Shree Shiv Chhatrapati Sports Complex Seoul Sports Complex Siliwangi Sport Complex Singapore Sports Hub The Sports Hub Trivandrum Europe [ edit ] Anella Olímpica Athens Olympic Sports Complex Faliro Coastal Zone Olympic Complex First Direct Arena Foro Italico Goudi Olympic Complex Headingley Stadium Hellinikon Olympic Complex Horsfall Stadium Manchester Regional Arena Odsal Stadium Olympiapark Berlin Park Avenue (stadium) Prioritet Serneke Arena Queen Elizabeth Olympic Park Torino Olympic Park North America [ edit ] Camden Yards Sports Complex ESPN Wide World of Sports Complex Gateway Sports and Entertainment Complex Meadowlands Sports Complex Olympic Park, Montreal South Philadelphia Sports Complex Truman Sports Complex Whistler Olympic Park Oceania [ edit ] Ballarat Sports Events Centre Canberra International Sports & Aquatic Centre Marden Sports Complex Marrara Sporting Complex Maroochydore Multi Sports Complex Melbourne Sports and Entertainment Precinct Moreton Bay Central Sports Complex Murray Sporting Complex Piggabeen Sports Complex Queensland Sport and Athletics Centre Springvale Indoor Sports Centre South Pine Sports Complex Sydney Olympic Park Willows Sports Complex South America [ edit ] Atanasio Girardot Sports Complex Barra Olympic Park Deodoro Olympic Park See also [ edit ] Sport venue Multi-purpose stadium References [ edit ] Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sports_complex&oldid=1257919971 " Categories : Sports venues Sports complexes Hidden categories: Articles with short description Short description matches Wikidata Olympiapark Berlin Olympiapark Berlin (German for Berlin Olympic Park ), previously
392-738: The Deutsches Sportforum ( lit. ' German Sport Forum ' ) and the Reichssportfeld ( lit. ' Reich Sports Field ' ), is a sports and entertainment complex located in Berlin , Germany. The complex served as the Olympic Park of the 1936 Summer Olympics . The area in the Grunewald had been promised to the people of Berlin as "a people's park" by Emperor Wilhelm II in 1904. Due to this, when
448-465: The 1908 Summer Olympics , and had hosted the 10th IOC Conference (where the host for the 1912 Summer Olympics had been voted on) on 27 May 1909. Berlin defeated bids from Alexandria , Egypt ; Amsterdam , Netherlands ; Brussels , Belgium ; Budapest , Hungary ; and Cleveland , United States in the bid for 1916 Summer Olympics. The stadium for this was to be located in Charlottenburg , in
504-566: The Grunewald Forest , to the west of Berlin. The government of Germany decided not to build in the nearby Grunewald forest, or to renovate buildings that already existed. Because of this desire, they hired the same architect who originally had built the "Rennverein" (the Grunewald Race Course) Otto March. The organizing committee's evaluation of the site a site led them to decide that the area inside
560-542: The Union-Klub [ de ] later signed a lease for a horseracing track, they had to agree that their land would also host "general sports functions" A horse race track at Hoppegarten just east outside the city held its first races as early as 1868. The "Union-Klub" was one of the main organizations behind the early development of that site. Due to a loss of spectators, the Union-Klub started looking for
616-624: The "Construction Committee for the Reich Sport Field". State Secretary Hans Pfundtner served as the Committee's chairman. 11 October 1933, the proposed construction schedule was submitted to Hitler. 31 October Hitler visited the complex along with Reich Minister of the Interior Wilhelm Frick , approving the plans in principle. Nonetheless, Hitler voiced a number of concerns surrounding the architectural appearance of
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#1732798609733672-970: The "Union Club and the Society for Steeplechasing" to expand the race tracks that the Berlin Racing Association also owned in Hoppegarten and Karlshorst . In November 1933 the Nazi Reich Ministry of Finance established the Stadium Construction Office. Authority over this organization belonged to the Government Construction Counciller Sponzholz. In December 1933 the Minister of the Interior created
728-488: The Berlin games altogether if March's stadium was not altered to his satisfaction. After being appointed, Speer designed a neo-classical facade for the stadium literally overnight to meet Hitler's satisfaction. Speer's design was used, and clad March's stadium's exposed steel frame with stone. Characteristically of Nazi architecture, Speer's design placed stone pillars and colonnades over steel supports. March aspired to design
784-726: The DRA's plan. Theodor Lewald rejected the city's plan for a temporary venue. Planning continued. Additional aspects of the project would include the expansion of the Sportforum, finishing the half-completed gymnasium, the construction of a large sporting hall and of a new student dormitory. March's plans for the Olympic Stadium were accepted by the IOC in June 1933. At a meeting of the Construction Committee of
840-568: The Deutsches Stadion. Beginning in the summer of 1921, a two-story university building was constructed north of the stadium's swimming pool. 26 May 1922, this new building, which included a gymnasium, fencing hall, and a dining and reading room, was opened. In 1925 Theodor Lewald suggested that the complex be named the "Sportforum". 16 September 1925, the board of the German Committee for Physical Training (the DRA) officially began using
896-473: The Grunewald Race Course offered enough room for a suitable venue to be built. Access to this stadium was provided by a tunnel passage under the racetrack. The tunnel was 65 feet wide, and provided access to the south end of the stadium. This tunnel is one of the few surviving portions of the former race track. The stadium was sunk into the ground on inside of the racetrack, so as not to disturb
952-550: The Gunewald Race Course. The Grunewald Race Course was the original sporting venue on the site now occupied by Olympiapark Berlin. This horse racing venue was designed by Otto March , and opened 3 May 1909. The venue had a capacity of 40,000. Its center contained an 85,000 square meter depression slated to eventually house a stadium. That stadium planned for the center of the racecourse would come only five years later. Plans to build an Olympic sports complex in
1008-457: The IOC in 1931 by Berlin's bid team. "The old race course shall be conveyed to the Reich, which will take over all the Olympic constructions in Grunewald. The Stadium itself is to be enlarged to provide seats for 100,000 persons. A swimming stadium and a riding field shall be built on the Stadium grounds. An assembly field large enough for mass demonstrations shall be provided in connection with
1064-528: The Olympic Bell began Monday, 11 May 1936. The first trial ringing occurred on 20 May. The Olympic Stadium was filled with spectators for the first time on 5 July for a pre-Olympic test. The main focal point of the entire complex's composition was to be the Olympic Stadium , which was located at the middle of the Reich Sport Field. 86,400 square yards (two times the area which was occupied by
1120-512: The Olympics, plans were drawn up to renovate the Deutsches Stadion extensively. The venue only held 30,000 spectators, which by then had become insufficient host the Olympics. The cycling track would be completely eliminated, and the current 650-yard running track would be removed as well and replaced with a new 433-yard track (adhering to the international dimensions). The field would be sunken deeper, and new rows of seats were to be constructed at
1176-687: The Olympischer Platz, parade grounds with the "Führerloge", the Olympic Bell Tower along the east-west axis the Coubertinplatz, and the swimming stadium placed on the north-south axis. Hitler approved plans for complex the same day. In late fall of 1933 demolition work began on the old Deutsches Stadion, and work commenced on the completion of the gymnasium that had been left half-finished since 1928. Construction took place from 1934 to 1936. Complying with Hitler's wishes,
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#17327986097331232-551: The Organizing Committee (for the Olympics) on 15 July 1933, presided over by Carl Diem several aspects were added to the plan. It was decided to complete the gymnasium and include a small swimming pool in its basement. It was also decided that there would be a gymnastic and assembly hall with connected living quarters and a restaurant added to the complex, as well as two small buildings to serve as dressing rooms on
1288-608: The Race Course were to be retained, the stadium's height could not be increased. The need for an expanded Sportforum was furthered on 25 April 1931, when the International Olympic Committee announced Berlin as the host of the 1936 Summer Olympic Games. Berlin was awarded the 1936 Summer Olympics on 26 May 1930. at the 30th IOC Conference, held in Lausanne , Switzerland. After Berlin was awarded
1344-509: The Sportforum were constructed northeast of the stadium. Werner March , son of Otto March, won a contest relating to the construction of the complex, and served as its architect. Werner largely collaborated with brother Walter March on this and other projects he would later work on for the sports complex. The cornerstone of the complex was laid by on 18 October 1925, the anniversary of the Battle of Leipzig . A women's dormitory for students
1400-527: The area of the Racetrack can be traced as far back as 1906 prior to Germany's athletic participation in the 1906 Intercalated Games . During the 1912 Summer Olympics , the city of Berlin was designated by the International Olympic Committee (IOC) to host the 1916 Summer Olympics during the 14th IOC Conference which was held in Stockholm on 27 May 1912. Berlin had previously bid unsuccessfully for
1456-415: The bottom of the current stands. Its seating capacity would as a result of this planned renovation been increased from 30,000 to 80,000 spectators. The tunnel entrance at the south end, crossing below the Grunewald Race Course, was a source of congestion during events. Plans were made to relieve this congestion by building a new eastern tunnel, and by a new entrance to the entire complex would be constructed on
1512-479: The buildings, and his wishes for stone to be used in the construction of the complex as frequently as possible, rather than concrete. On 14 December 1933, Hitler had the March brothers called into his office, and decided to have them create a third design for an Olympic Stadium. This is the plan that was used, and contained not only the Olympic Stadium that would be built, but also other elements that were built such as
1568-419: The complex. Eventually, in the course of these studies, it was realized that Deutsches Stadium's infield was too large, leading to poor sightlines, and its maximum capacity of 40,000 spectators was deemed to be too small to serve as an Olympic Stadium if Berlin, as was being considered, were to host the Olympics in 1936. The reason the stadium could not be expanded beyond 40,000 due to the Grunewald Race Course. If
1624-432: The complex. This would provide the entire complex with a stricter symmetry, and thus was the option favored by Hitler. The Berlin Racing Association was made to vacate their use of the complex, as the Grunewald Race Course was to be demolished to create the Reich Sports Field. The Berlin Racing Association were to be compensated according to Hitler's orders, by receiving the funding from the "Racing Association" as well as
1680-415: The earlier proposed expansion to the Sportforum had previously been set to commence, those plans were killed. Werner March had been commissioned to create sketches for the new "Reichssportfeld" on 5 October 1933, the very same day that Hitler had announced his intentions to build it. Dr. Diem was called-in from a trip abroad to work on the project's proposals with Werner March. The main outline of their plans
1736-537: The enlargement of the Stadium. A large open-air theatre shall be erected in the charming Murellen Valley in the northwest part of the Stadium grounds. The German Sport Forum shall be completed through the enlargement of the gymnasium, the erection of a new indoor swimming pool, a dormitory, and above all, through the erection of a large administration and instruction building, the House of German Sport." — Adolf Hitler, October 5, 1933 Thus, four days after construction on
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1792-666: The holy olive tree that had blessed the Ancient Olympic Games in Olympia . The oak was named the "Podbielski-Eiche" after the State Minister. Organization continued despite the onset of World War I in 1914, since it was not expected that the war would continue for long enough to interrupt the games. Eventually, though, the Games were cancelled due to the war. The stadium was closed on 26 July 1914, and by 1915
1848-582: The majority of the project, though Hitler ultimately replaced him with Albert Speer as the stadium's architect. March's stadium was modern in its aesthetics, which did not match the Nazi's goal to use the Olympics to display themselves as an imperial power in the mold of the Roman Empire . March's design lacked the monumental scale and neo-classical architecture that were the core values of Nazi architecture . Hitler allegedly had even threatened to cancel
1904-635: The name "Deutsches Sportforum" (German: German Sportforum ) for the complex. The stadium was outgrown the by German Institute for Physical Education. The DRA, which before WWI had been the "National Committee for the Olympic Games" (Germany's NOC ), supplemented the stadium's facilities by building the "Deutsches Sportforum" complex, alternately referred to as the "Deutsches Sportsforum" (German: German Sports Forum ). The facilities were largely dedicated to educating physical education teachers, as well as to studying sport science . The buildings of
1960-424: The northern portion of the park, to unite it with the surrounding natural landscape. Access to the site was significantly improved through the creation of new roadways. The complex was already a short distance north of Heerstrasse , the primary east-west thoroughfare out of the city. Friedrich-Friesen-Allee , one of two streets that had served the site, was widened. A new street was built, creating an approach from
2016-487: The onslaught of the Great Depression, Werner March had made a design for the renovation of the Deutsches Stadion into a venue with a 65,000-person capacity as a part of revived plans to hopefully host the Olympic Games in Berlin. The training fields and training halls of the complex received great usage. Studies were undertaken for the complex's expansion in 1928, after work had halted on the existing portions of
2072-411: The pool to a location inside the stadium between the outer edge of the new running track and the stands, either on the west or east side of the stadium. Werner March than decided against this direct union, and instead located a swimming stadium outside the stadium, at a 90-degree angle to its longitudinal axis. It was to be at the same level of the outside gallery of the Olympic Stadium, and half as high as
2128-616: The project, assisted by his brother Walter March. The games had been awarded to Berlin in 1931 when Germany's government was the democratic Weimar Republic and the original plans for the Sportforum had been drawn up under this government. Construction on the proposed expansion of the Sportforum was set to commence in October 1933, but in March of that same year the Nazis had come to power in Germany. The German Committee for Physical Training
2184-408: The racecourse was made available for building the planned tunnel. In January 1932, the City of Berlin put forth a surprise counter plan. The City's Municipal Construction Councilor Wagnar made the suggestion that a temporary wooden stadium instead should be built on the fair grounds for the Olympics. This plan was favored by the city because it did not want to pay for roadway expenses necessitated by
2240-449: The side facing the main city-center, which was only 5 miles to the east of the complex. The stadium's expansion was to be of a modern steel and reinforced concrete structure. One unique and appealing aspect of the original stadium had been the inclusion of a swimming pool. In the plans to renovate the stadium, attempts were made to retain the union between the swimming pool and the athletic stadium. Initially, plans were considered to move
2296-550: The site were expanded, with new exits built allowing visitors to leave in close proximity to the Olympic Stadium. Semicircular parking lots were constructed in at the south of the Reich Sport Field within the greenbelt surrounding the grounds. The Olympic Bell contained within the 77-meter Olympic Bell Tower featured the Olympic Rings with an eagle, the year 1936, the Brandenburg Gate, the date 1–16 August, and
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2352-492: The stadium in the ground ("Erdstadion", in German). On 8 June 1913 the stadium was dedicated with the release of 10,000 pigeons. 60,000 people were in attendance. The stadium contained a 650-foot running track surrounded by a 720-yard cycling track . A 108-yard swimming pool was located on the outer edge of the cycling tack. The stadium also was alternatively known by the names Grunewaldstadion and Berlin Stadium . The stadium
2408-441: The stadium was being used as a military hospital. It would be a year until sports would again take place in the stadium. 15 May 1920 the "Deutsche Hochschule für Leibesübungen" (German: German University for Athletics ) (DHfL) was founded by Berlin's Friedrich-Wilhelms-University . This sports institution was also referred to alternately as the "German Institute for Physical Education". The German University for Athletics used
2464-555: The stadium's construction. The first was that the entire area of the Grunewald Racecourse, the including the Grunewald Racecourse's stadium, which had previously been leased to the Berlin Racing Association, would now be leased directly by the city for a minimum of 30 years by the Prussian Forestry Department (who were the owners of the land). As a result, the Racing Association would then become
2520-406: The stadiums stands) surrounding the stadium were left open, serving as public promenades around the stadium. Werner March had been proud of the fact that spectators could empty the Olympic Stadium in thirteen and a half minutes, as compared to the previous Summer Olympic Stadium (Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum), which would take fifteen and a half minutes to empty. March was the stadium's architect for
2576-406: The stadiums were largely built using natural stone instead of concrete, requiring 39,538 cubic yards of stone. Demolition of the horse race track began in March 1934. Werner March preserved much of the woods on the slopes on all sides of the complex. A significant portion of the land was untouched woods and meadows. Despite a long history of use on the site, the majority of the Olympic Park's land
2632-545: The stands of the stadium, placing the swimming venue in-line with the stadium's entrance. An enclosed arcade was thereafter added to the plans as well. A model of these plans was publicly displayed at the German Building Exhibition in July 1931. The plan received approval from sport governing bodies. The DRA began discussions to execute the plans. The Berlin Racing Association had changed their stance from
2688-428: The track field. Construction was set to begin at the beginning of October 1933. When the Nazis came to power in Germany in 1933, they decided to use the Olympic Games in 1936 for propaganda purposes. With this in mind, Hitler made plans for the construction of a great sports complex in Grunewald named the "Reichssportfeld", with a brand-new Olympiastadion as its centerpiece. Architect Werner March remained in charge of
2744-633: The view of the racing action. The Berlin Racing Association contributed a piece of land on the northern end of the Grunewald for the stadium. The land had been originally rented by the Racing Association from the Forest Department. Work on the stadium, the Deutsches Stadion (German: German Stadium ), began in August 1912. When it opened, it held over 18,500 spectators, and had a seating capacity of 11,500. March decided to bury
2800-602: The west. This road branched off from Heerstrasse and terminated in front of the location of the Olympic Bell Tower. An approach from the east was also established by extending the Schwarzburg Allee, which was thereafter renamed as Olympische Strasse . This street crossed railway tracks over a wide bridge, and then led into the Olympic Square. The Underground and Municipal railway stations serving
2856-402: Was completely free of any existing buildings, with the existing buildings of the Sportforum in the far north end of the complex constituting exception to this. The north end's arrangement was largely governed by its existing structures. In other areas of the park, March desired to preserve much of the natural landscape. March had Professor Wiepking-Jürgensman assist in transplanting 40,000 trees to
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#17327986097332912-457: Was constructed at the northwest end of the grounds. A tunnel beneath the cycling track connected the stadium with the northern portion of the complex, which allowed the stadium's track and the new running track to both be used for competition and practice respectively. A planned gymnasium had begun construction in 1926, but was only half complete when the entire project was halted in 1928 due to insufficient funds to continue construction. Prior to
2968-475: Was created hastily, and received Hitler's approval. The question arose whether or not the new stadium for the Olympics should be built on the footprint of the original Deutsches Stadium, providing it with a direct connection to its predecessor, or instead located 162 yards east of it. Moving east would align it on a direct axis with the Schwarzburg Bridge along the main east-west street approaching
3024-411: Was dissolved, and the deed to the Sportforum was transferred to the Nazi government. Around this time the complex was renamed the "Reichssportfeld" (German: Reich Sports Field ). It was questioned whether the construction and half of the cost for the stadium (with the other half being paid for by the national government in the form of subsidies) should fall onto the City of Berlin. The city already
3080-542: Was going to pay for the construction of the approach roads to the Olympic Stadium, this expense was the main reason they had hoped to place a temporary stadium elsewhere in January 1932, and the expense of leasing land from the Prussian Forestry Department for use as parking lots to serve the Stadium. The City of Berlin named the conditions under which they would assume the additional expenditure of
3136-408: Was inaugurated 15 May 1913, following a mere 200-day construction schedule. The opening ceremony of the stadium occurred 8 June 1913. Otto March had died April of that year, thus he was unable to see the opening of the stadium. One unique facet of the venue was a large oak located just outside the eastern edge of the stadium. Otto March made the decision to leave the oak. It was a decision inspired by
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