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20-561: The name comes from the original word Nangar Parkar . It is at the foot of the Karoonjhar Hills . It is situated at a distance of about 16 km from south and about 23 from east from the Indian border. At one time the area was under the sea, which had to be crossed; the name "Parkar" means "to cross over". Nagarparkar has Chachro taluk on its north, and on its west is Islamkot taluk , while on east of it lies Barmer district of

40-565: A blend of all three languages. Some of these varieties are Parkari Koli , Wadiyara Koli , and Kachi Koli . The region once had a significant Jain population. Shri Gaudi Parshvanth Stavan in 1650 described the Parkar as the most glorious of all regions of India . The remains of a number of Jain temples are popular tourist attractions and heritage sites in the region. Churrio Jabal Durga Mata Temple , on Churrio Jabal hill in Choryo village,

60-529: A series of historic judicial rulings, the Sindh High Court intervened to protect these mountains from any mining or excavation. The court emphasized that the entire range of Karoonjhar Hills is deemed a single monument under the law, safeguarding it from any form of prohibited excavation, except for exploration related to discovering historical artifacts, which must adhere to international guidelines. The court underscored that these mountains are part of

80-509: Is considered to have had appeared first in the Karoonjhar mountains. In old times, Karoonjhar was also famously known as "Kinro". The mountain range has several places of historical importance, like Bhodeser Talao, Alakh Wao (hidden well), Anchlechure, Sardharo , Gao Mukhi, Punraj Gadr, Nani, Chandan gadr, Bhaun jo bheesro, Jharno and Bhaunro. In the past, many individuals were exiled to the Karoonjhar by monarchs of nearby states. The range

100-462: Is one of the two Hindu temples in this place. On Shivratri 200,000 pilgrims visit the temples. Hindus cremate the dead and ashes are preserved till Shivratri for immersion in the into holy water. Richer Pakistani Hindus go to India to immerse the ashes in Ganges and the rest visit Nagarparkar to immerse the ashes. This area has been leased by the government for the mining by dynamite blasting of

120-473: The Indian state of Rajasthan and on its south is Rann Kachchh and the Indian state of Gujarat . The surrounding area is a rocky belt called Parkar, and the remaining part is a sandy area. The Karoonjhar hills cover 16 miles in the south of Nagarparkar taluk. The granite stone of this mountain is used for making tiles. There is a saying that the Karoonjhar hills provide 1-1/4 kilos of gold every day in

140-773: The Tharparkar district in Sindh , Pakistan . The range is approximately 19 kilometers long and reaches a height of 305 meters, and contains vaste deposits of granite and Chinese clay. Karoonjhar mountains are located in Nagarparkar near the district Tharparkar on the northern edge of the Rann of Kutch . They mostly consist of granite rock and are likely an extension of the Aravalli Range of India. The Aravalli range belongs to Archaen period, which makes it one of

160-510: The Jains to move to Kutch and Bhuj in modern day India . Before their exodus, they had built several temples at Karoonjhar Mountain, Nagarparkar, and Parinagar. Of those, just four exist today, and only two of them are in good condition (in Veerawah and Nagarparkar). The last Jain family to leave this area did so in 1971. There are 89 distinct varieties of plants across 26 plant families on

180-658: The Karoonjhar Hills was strictly prohibited. The court further highlighted the historical significance of these mountains, tracing their existence back to approximately three billion years. It emphasized the importance of preserving Jain temples and statues declared as world heritage, urging their resurrection in their original form. In essence, the legal interventions aim to protect the Karoonjhar Mountains from any form of mining or excavation, emphasizing their historical, cultural, and ecological value as

200-648: The Runn Kutch Wildlife Sanctuary and must be protected accordingly under the Sindh Wildlife Protection, Preservation, Conservation, and Management Act, 2020. Additionally, the court directed the relevant authorities to ensure the restoration of the sanctuary for the local flora and fauna and to monitor the growth of plants and trees by maintaining a record of plantation for each hill in the range. Any commercial activity that could be categorized as mining or excavation within

220-542: The area. Much of it remains unstudied from a conservation perspective. The rodents, comprising a significant portion of the mammalian population, play a crucial role in the desert ecosystem but also pose challenges due to their impact on vegetation and agricultural productivity. The Karoonjhar Mountains have been a subject of concern and legal debate due to proposed mining activities. These mountains, believed to contain extensive deposits of granite and China clay, hold immense cultural, historical, and religious significance. In

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240-432: The form of red granite stone, china clay, and honey. In summer, different sounds are audible from the rock due to sulfur deposits. In 1998, the population of the taluka was 153,106, out of which 90,513 were Hindus and 62,213 Muslims . As of 2017 census Nagarparkar Taluk has a population of 259,880 and had a percent annual growth rate of 2.82% over the period of 1998-2017. 11,801 (4.54%) live in urban areas. The sex ratio

260-680: The hills on which the temples are located. This is posing a threat to the temples. Angry pilgrims held a protest against mining. There is one rest house beneath the Karoonjhar Mountain, but it partially collapsed during the 2001 Gujarat earthquake . This region is now a significant place of worship for the minority Hindu community due to the temple being located there. Sardharo Shiv temple , Anchlesar, and Jain temples are situated there. Karoonjhar Mountains Karoonjhar Mountains ( Sindhi : ڪارونجھرُ جبل ‎ , Urdu : کارونجھر پہاڑیاں ) are located in south-eastern edge of

280-433: The lion, cheetah, and desert lynx have vanished from the southern reaches of the desert, while populations of other species have dwindled to the brink of extinction. Karoonjhar is a habitat for a few species of conservation significance, including the Indian gazelle and the desert hare. Predatory carnivores like the jackal, wolf, desert cat, and desert fox, have been hunted for their pelts, which has threatened their presence in

300-525: The local people of the area, it is rich in deposits and plant medicinal values. These plants include shatavari , okra and wild onion . This mountain is economically so significant that there is a local saying " Karoonjhar yields a hundred kilos of gold regularly ". Karoonjhar has been mentioned in many verses of Sindhi and Gujarati poets. Myths and lores of Sadwant & Sharanga , Hothlal Pari (nature's fairy), Odho Jam (Sindhi lore) and Bherio Garori (wolf's ring) are regarded to this range. Hothlal Pari

320-410: The mountains. The dominant families are Poaceae and Fabaceae. Grasses and herbs encompass 60% of the species, alongside a mix of trees, shrubs, and subshrubs. The fauna of the Karoonjhar Mountains are thought to have included species such as the blackbuck, Indian gazelle, blue bull, and wild boar, which thrived despite the region's harsh climatic conditions and scarce water resources. Large mammals like

340-546: The oldest rock systems. Specialists have put the time period of the formation of these rocks at between 3.5 and 5 billion years ago. The Karoonjhar area is geographically different from the surrounding desert and is very limited in expanse. The mountain range is around 19 kilometers long and 305 meters high. To the east of the main range lie smaller hills which are covered with sparse vegetation. From these hills originate two perennial springs, Achleshwar and Sardharo, and temporary streams, Bhetiani and Gordhro, which flow during

360-558: The rainy season. Karoonjhar Dam is being constructed to supply water to people of Nagarparkar area. In the monsoon season, rainwater pours down from the mountain and flows in more than twenty streams, Bhatiani, Maoo, Gordaro, Ranaser, Sukhpur, Ghatiari, Madanwah, Moondaro, Bhodeser, Lolrai, Drah, Puranwah to the Rann of Kutch. The climate of this mountain range is extreme due to rocky terrain. August and September are only cool months due to monsoon. Karoonjhar has economic significance for

380-431: Was 901 females per 1000 males and the literacy rate for people 10 years and above was 24.17%, the lowest in all taluks of Tharparkar district. Hindus were 165,204 while Muslims were 94,065. Nagarparkar is located at a unique position at the intersection of three major languages: Sindhi , Marwari and Gujarati . Although 97.78% of the population recorded their mother tongue as Sindhi and 1.62% as 'Other', most people speak

400-475: Was once a stronghold of Jainism in the region. Researcher Mashkoor Phulkaro has written that there are at least 108 holy sites among the surrounding hills Until 1226, the region of Thar was part of a large sea, and the current desert area served as a port and business centre for Jains who formed the business class. Subsequently, an earthquake in Parinagar, the main shipping port, changed its geography, forcing

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