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46-691: Naginatajutsu ( 長刀術 or 薙刀術 ) is the Japanese martial art of wielding the naginata ( 長刀 ) . The naginata is a weapon resembling the European glaive and the Chinese guan dao . Most naginatajutsu practiced today is in a modernized form, a gendai budō , in which competitions also are held. The naginata originates from development of the Japanese spear called hoko yari of the later 1st millennium AD. It has been suggested that it developed along

92-570: A feminine art and the weapon serving as more of a symbol of devotion to a woman's family. With the end of the Samurai era and the Meiji Restoration in 1868, Japan was modernized and many of the old practices fell into disuse. During the Shōwa era , Naginata became part of the physical education school curriculum for girls. The practice at this time was called naginata-dō (薙刀道; lit. "way of

138-583: A few: Suiō-ryū , Tenshin Shōden Katori Shintō-ryū , Tendō-ryū , Toda-ha Bukō-ryū , and the Yōshin-ryū . During the Tokugawa period (1603–1868), the naginata was transformed into a status symbol to distinguish women of samurai families, as well as being the primary means for a woman to defend her home while her husband was away in times of war. This period also saw the propagation of the naginata as

184-483: A skilled swordsman. Naginata are almost identical in appearance to both the glaive and the guan dao , and it is most likely result of parallel evolution. The oldest account of naginata is in the Kojiki and battle paintings by Tengyo no ran , in 980 AD ( Heian period ). The naginata was a weapon widely used mainly by Onna-musha (女武者, warrior women), Sôhei (僧兵; warrior monks), and Yamabushi (山伏, mountain monks). In

230-595: A steel blade and edge, is only used in demonstrations, with rare exceptions. Two types of Naginata are generally used for training: the first has instead of the blade two curved and very flexible bamboo strips that allow the absorption of the impact being used in contact training and championships and even in the practice of basic pre-ordered forms (Shikake -Ôji); the second is made of solid wood, suitable for training advanced pre-ordered forms ( Kata ). Atarashi Naginata practitioners dress with protectors during contact training and championships. Bōgu , as this protective clothing

276-537: Is a little known martial art in Brazil. This art was practiced in the Japanese colony during the pre-World War II period, but there are practically no records about it. The most outstanding teacher at the time was Shizu Furumoto sensei. The current group of practitioners started their activities just over 30 years ago, when Professor Hatsue Takahashi came from Japan in 1987 and made demonstrations in São Paulo, forming

322-458: Is a teacher authorized by INF to teach the art of Atarashi Naginata: Yasue Morita Sensei, with a 4th Dan degree and have maintained a training group through ANB in São Paulo. Responsible for the dissemination of this martial art and for the guidance to people interested in learning it, in accordance with the principles of Atarashi Naginata and rules of INF. In Rio de Janeiro, Brasília, Manaus and Porto Alegre there are study groups supervised by ANB. He

368-820: Is also responsible for the study group formed in Argentina and Chile . In Brazil, Naginatajutsu of the Suio Ryu and Tenshin Shoden Katori Shinto Ryu styles is practiced within the Brazilian Kobudo Confederation (CBKOb). Teaching within CBKob is done by its president, Sensei pt:Jorge Kishikawa , other teachers connected to him, Are affiliated with Nihon Kobudo Kyokai (headquarters in Tokyo, Japan) – NKK – and authorized to teach

414-648: Is called, comprises head and throat protectors (Men), wrists (Kote), trunk (Do) and shins / tibia (Suneate). Only hits targeted at these protected points are allowed. In comparison to Kendo , the Men has shorter side flaps, the Kote has articulation for the index finger, thus allowing for better handling of the weapon, and finally the use of the Suneate that is not used in Kendo . The Japanese Federation of Naginata has acted with

460-764: Is most common in Japan for Naginata to be practiced by women; in other countries, the gender balance is more even. Outside Japan, Naginata is practiced in Europe, Australia , North and South America. Naginata is governed in Japan by the All Japan Naginata Federation (AJNF), and outside Japan by the International Naginata Federation (INF). The first associations for the practice of Atarashi Naginata were formed in 1950, bringing together more than 15 different styles. In 1953,

506-638: Is no modern dan/kyū system in this school. The traditional five scrolls of Hokushin Ittō-ryū are: The so-called Naginata Mokuroku 長刀目録 also exists and is normally issued together with the Menkyo (Chūmokuroku). It certifies the mastery of all naginatajutsu techniques of the school. Some names of the naginata kata are the same as those in the Hokushin Musō-ryū (北辰夢想流) densho (伝書). In the Tottori-han (鳥取藩),

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552-640: Is two more than in the Gogyō-no-kata. Battōjutsu is not the Chiba family's Hokushin-ryū iai. The kata names and techniques were introduced by Konishi Shigejirō (refer to Kendo Nippon , Mar. 1978 12–15), but the techniques and the kata names differ from the Edo-Meiji period's densho texts. For example, Unryū-ken (雲龍剣), Hien-gaeshi (飛燕返) and Taihō-ken (大鵬剣). Towards the end of the Bakumatsu period (1853-1867),

598-626: The Bujinkan . The practice and grading system varies from style to style, as well as the use or not of protectors for the practice of combat. Some of the most common known styles that incorporate naginata in their curriculum are: Tenshin Shōden Katori Shintō Ryū is the oldest style of koryū, and Japan's only tradition recognized as bunkazai (文化財), or Japanese cultural treasure . The characteristics of this school are dynamic techniques and long katas, with movements such as jumps, turns with

644-516: The 5th World Naginata Championships took place in Japan. In 2015, the 6th World Naginata Championships took place in Montreal , Canada . In 2019, the 7th World Naginata Championships took place in Wiesbaden , Germany . Teams from 14 countries participated. The European Naginata Championships were originally held once every four years, but are now held biannually. 12th – 2022, to be held in

690-636: The Bakumatsu period, Hokushin Ittō-ryū was very popular due to the decreased number of mokuroku down to only 3, from the 8 of the Ono-ha Ittō-ryū. In all Bujutsu ryūha, students have to pay money or send gifts to the instructor when issued with a mokuroku, therefore Hokushin Ittō-ryū was a more accessible ryūha for poorer farmers and bushi. Also, a number of the students joined the coup of the Edo Bakufu with other students from newer ryūha, such as those from Shinto Munen-ryū. Chiba Shūnosuke Koretane restored

736-826: The Canadian Naginata Federation: two in Toronto , four in Montreal, and one in Edmonton. In 1995, the 1st World Naginata Championships took place in Tokyo, Japan. In 1999, the 2nd World Naginata Championships took place in Paris , France . In 2003, the 3rd World Naginata Championships took place in San Jose, California . In 2007, the 4th World Naginata Championships took place in Belgium . In 2011,

782-560: The Edo-Genbukan in 1883 with the help of Inoue Hachirō and Yamaoka Tesshū. The Edo-Genbukan was closed between the 20th–30th year of the Meiji-period. The exact date is unknown. This Hokushin Ittō-ryū line ended with the 3rd generation headmaster, Chiba Michisaburo. However Shiina Kazue managed to find Chiba Michisaburo’s progeny, Chiba Yoshitane, who did not practice Hokushin Ittō-ryū. Shiina Kazue became Sōke in 2013. [2] At

828-557: The Hokushin Ittō-ryū was one of the three biggest and most famous ryūha all over Japan. Swordsmen of the Hokushin Ittō-ryū had a strong influence on the development of modern kendō in the late 19th century. Also many famous and politically influential people were masters of this swordsmanship school. Some of the most prominent figures are: The Hokushin Ittō-ryū has three teaching steps: Like many other koryū, Hokushin Ittō-ryū traditionally awards makimono-scrolls and/or inka-jō. There

874-673: The Kodokan was closed, so in order to continue teaching, Kozawa Torakichi opened his own Dōjō, the Tobukan. There he taught Hokushin Ittō-ryū together with Shin Tamiya-ryū (新田宮流抜刀術) and Suifu-ryū (水府流剣術). (Torakichi's second son Kozawa Jiro Atsunobu (小澤二郎篤信) inherited Suifu-ryū kenjutsu from his own other dōjō.) This Hokushin Ittō-ryū line is also the line of the school which is a member of the Nihon Kobudo Kyokai. Up until today,

920-596: The Kozawa family is still preserving the teachings of its first headmaster at the Tobukan in Mito. In the Tobukan there is no Hokushin Ittō-ryū "Sōke". Instead there exists a Hokushin Ittō-ryū "representative" (as described in the Nikon Kobudo kyokai homepage). The family name "Kozawa" of the 3rd generation, Toyokichi, and the 4th generation, Takeshi are son-in-law taken into family with Ichiro's daughter (as described on

966-755: The Netherlands Japanese martial art Too Many Requests If you report this error to the Wikimedia System Administrators, please include the details below. Request from 172.68.168.226 via cp1108 cp1108, Varnish XID 226182992 Upstream caches: cp1108 int Error: 429, Too Many Requests at Thu, 28 Nov 2024 08:46:09 GMT Hokushin Itt%C5%8D-ry%C5%AB The curriculum of this ryūha (martial arts style) contains mainly kenjutsu , iaijutsu / battōjutsu and naginatajutsu , but

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1012-671: The Noda-Konishi line, some kata have been added to Gogyō-no-kata ( 五行の形 ) and Battōjutsu ( 抜刀術 ) . Gogyō-no-kata has five kumitachi and three kodachi-gumi which look very similar to Koshi-Gogyō-no-kata ( 高師五行の形 ) , which were the Nakanishi-ha's kata as revised by Takano Sasaburo ( 高野佐三郎 ) in 1908. In 1932, Noda Wasaburo ( 野田和三郎 ) and Kobayashi Sadayuki ( 小林定之 ) demonstrated seven kumitachi and three kodachi-gumi as Hokushin Ittō-ryū at Kyoto-Butokuden ( 京都武徳殿 ) . The number of kumitachi kata

1058-761: The Sadakichi line (定吉系) also awarded Hon-mokuroku (本目録) like Ono-ha Ittō-ryū (see the Sadakichi line's densho collected in Tottori prefectural museum (鳥取県立博物館) [1] ). However, the Shusaku line (周作系) had only three Mokuroku, which are the Hatsumokuroku (初目録), the Chūmokuroku-Menkyo (中目録免許) and the Daimokuroku-Kaiden (大目録皆伝), so written in the "Kenpo Hiketsu" by Chiba Shusaku (千葉周作「剣法秘訣」). During

1104-589: The Tobukan homepage). (This dōjō is not to be mistaken for the Edo-Genbukan.) Kobayashi Seijiro was granted the Inka-jo from Chiba Michisaburo, and opened the Shisei-kan dōjō in Tokyo. He did not have a son, so he adopted Katsuura Shiro, who was later granted a Hokushin Ittō-ryū menkyo. He then went to Otaru, Hokkaido for musha-shugyo. The master of Otaru Nanburo, Noda Wasaburo, approved of his kenjutsu and personality. His daughter Haru married Shiro, and Shiro

1150-740: The West. Currently, the regulation of Atarashi Naginata is carried out worldwide by the International Federation of Naginata – INF. INF was created in 1990, bringing together several countries and is divided into three sections: Japan, Europe and the Americas. In Japan, Atarashi Naginata is governed by the All Japan Naginata Federation, represented in Brazil by the Naginata Association of Brazil. The real Naginata, with

1196-520: The Zen Nihon Naginata Renmei – Japanese Confederation of Naginata was established, which regulated the official style of this art, bringing together the techniques of the various existing styles, mainly Tendô Ryu and Jiki Shinkague Ryu. Atarashi Naginata started to be written, in Japanese, using the hiragana characters, instead of Kanji. Atarashi Naginata currently has more than 80,000 practitioners in Japan and several countries in

1242-503: The art of Naginata do Suio ryu by Soke (grandmaster) Yoshimitsu Katsuse. The practice within CBKob also covers shiai (fighting) using bogu equipped with sune (protection of the tibia). Combat is carried out between two Naginatas (Category Naginata) and between Naginatas and swords (Category Kobudô Ishu Jiai). In this practice, the rules and techniques used differ from those of Atarashi Naginata. There are seven Naginata dōjō in Canada, under

1288-423: The body and ascending and descending cuts used in alternation. Tenshin Shōden Katori Shintō Ryū has seven kata with naginata, divided into two sets. Suiō Ryū Iai Kenpō is one of the most complete styles, with several weapons in its curriculum. The naginata occupies an important highlight, having been incorporated by the founder of the style, Mima Yochizaemon Kagenobu (1577–1665), who learned to use this weapon with

1334-478: The early history of its use, the naginata was primarily used against cavalry, as its length kept the wielder a safe distance from horses and their riders. Its use became popular around the year 1000 AD. In the centuries that followed, the naginata's popularity rose and fell as tactics used in battle evolved. The importance of naginata for samurai can be attested by the relatively large number of styles of bujutsu that have incorporated it in their curriculum, to name

1380-462: The end of the Edo period with the spread of gekiken (full contact duels with bamboo training swords and training armour) and the use of bōgu (training armour) and shinai (bamboo training sword). Hokushin Ittō-ryū is also one of the remaining ryūha which still practices kumitachi with bokuto (wooden swords). The habiki kata is practiced using habiki (real swords with

1426-632: The first group of practitioners of this martial art. This small group gradually increased, with the guidance of the same teacher Takahashi, who sporadically came to Brazil. In 1993, the Association of Naginata do Brasil – ANB was created, which brings together practitioners and supporters of Atarashi Naginata, whose affiliation with the International Federation of Naginata – INF, was approved and accepted as its 8th member. This made it possible for Brazil to participate, officially in INF events. So in 1993 Brazil

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1472-472: The following concept and principle: According to the Japanese Federation of Naginata, through the correct guidance of Atarashi Naginata one seeks to perfect the technique, cultivate the spirit, increase vitality and also: There are six elementary mudansha (sem dan) ranks, from the most basic, 6 kyū (rokkyū), to the most advanced, 1 kyū (ikkyū). There are five yudansha (com dan) ranks, from

1518-423: The form of a sport called "new Naginata" ( 新しいなぎなた , atarashii naginata ) , or simply "Naginata," which uses kendo -style protective equipment and wood or bamboo weapons. In Japanese, Naginata, the sport, is distinguished from the naginata, the weapon, by being rendered in hiragana (なぎなた) rather than in kanji (長刀). In other languages, the name "Naginata" is usually capitalized to make the same distinction. It

1564-681: The historical Matsushiro Literary and Military School (Bunbu-gakkō 文武学校). This building was built in the Bakumatsu period, the construction is based on the Kodōkan (弘道館) in Mito (水戸). Sakurada Sakuramaro 櫻田櫻麿 was the Sendai-han's instructor of the Hokushin Ittō-ryū in Edo period. ) He started the Chūka-Ittō-ryū (中和一刀流) in Sendai. In the 20th century, Tsumura Keiji claimed that he had inherited Sakurada Sakuramaro's Hokushin Ittō-ryū line. He posted

1610-668: The inheritance of the line to his senior Miura Yoshikatsu, but Shigejirō later inherited it from Yoshikatsu in turn. In 1950, Shigejirō opened an outdoor dōjō in Zenpukuji temple park in Tokyo, and in the autumn constructed a proper dōjō, giving it the name Genbukan. Shigejirō died in 2009 at 90 years of age. The Chiba dōjō's 6th Sōke, Ōtsuka Yōichirō, was a student of Konishi Shigejirō. A student of Konishi Shigejirō, Tsukada Yoshikazu, Takano Sanetora (高野眞虎) teaches in his dōjō called Kotōkan in Nagano. They are training in gymnasiums and

1656-555: The left and right in various directions, promoting training with an emphasis on the form and beauty of the movement. Naginata is found as part of the curriculum of several styles of Kobudô. Many koryū ryūha , such as the Tenshin Shoden Katori Shinto-ryu , Maniwa Nen-ryū , Jikishinkage-ryu Naginatajutsu , Tendō-ryū and Hokushin Ittō-ryū include naginatajutsu in their curriculum, as do arts such as Shidare Yanagi-ryū and budo organizations such as

1702-665: The lowest, 1 dan ( shodan ), to the highest, 5 dan (godan). Instructional shogo titles may be obtained after 5th dan: these are renshi, kyoshi, and hanshi. To be eligible for the shodan exam, a candidate must have already attained ikkyū rank. To continue through the dan ranks, practitioners must wait one year from the last exam before attempting 2nd dan, two years before 3rd dan, and three years each before 4th and 5th dan. The Australian Naginata Federation consists of three clubs, in Australian Capital Territory, New South Wales , and Victoria . Atarashi Naginata

1748-461: The main weapons used are the long and short swords ( katana and wakizashi ). Hokushin Ittō-ryū is a very intense duelling style which focuses on simple and fast techniques where no unnecessary movements are made. Controlling the enemy's centre line with the kiri-otoshi (cutting down the opponent's sword, a signature technique and principle of Ittō-ryū ) and dominating them with extremely fast tsuki-waza (sword thrusting techniques) are

1794-530: The middle of the Meiji-period there were many side branches, founded by pupils of the two main lines. One of the most famous was the Tobukan in Mito. It was established by Kozawa Torakichi, a student of the Edo-Genbukan. Kozawa Torakichi was also an instructor at the Kodokan (弘道館), the official clan school of the Mito-clan. After the Meiji-restoration and the abolishment of the traditional clan system

1840-487: The naginata"). After Japan's defeat in World War II , the practice was remodeled, resulting in two naginata practices: koryū naginata (古流薙刀; "old" or classical naginata) and atarashii naginata (新しいなぎなた; "new" or modern naginata). Despite the differences, the two ways of practicing naginata share many things in common. In both, the practice is systematized according to a tradition of strokes, cuts, and movements of

1886-734: The same lines as Okinawan kobudō weapons as a modified farming tool. Others say that creative samurai in need of a longer weapon attached a sword to a pole. Perhaps the simplest explanation is the natural development of polearms . Polearms are intended as mass weapons, to be used not just by individual warriors, but by formations of soldiers together on field battles and not for dueling. When fighting in close order, two-handed cut-and-thrust weapons, such as halberds and glaives , are much more efficient than mere spears or swords because of their versatility compared to spears and longer reach compared to swords. Fighting in massed formation does not require similar individual weapon-handling skills as required by

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1932-533: The sharp edge removed). Hokushin Ittō-ryū also includes Iaijutsu ( Hokushin-ryū iai ( 北辰流居合 ) ). Today only a few teachers know the techniques. Some techniques are depicted in old papers in the Kumamoto prefectural library. It is a very simple form of iaijutsu , with 4 kata while seated (reacting to an enemy in front or behind), 4 kata while standing (reacting to an enemy in front or behind), and 3 kata with hiki-waza (stepping backwards). In

1978-437: The signature techniques of this ryūha . The principles of this style are that a perfect technique should contain defence and offence in one action. Characteristic of the training is the use of onigote (heavily padded gloves) like in its ancestor styles Ono-ha Ittō-ryū and Nakanishi-ha Ittō-ryū, which are used in several kumitachi-kata (two person practice). This kind of training became more and more obsolete towards

2024-399: The sōhei monks during the musha shugyō (武者修行; warrior pilgrimage) that he made in the first part of his life. Naginata kata are divided into three sets: naginata against sword, naginata against naginata, and solo forms in which techniques used on battlefields to slaughter horses are practiced. Other important traditions that teach Naginata are: Today, the naginata is most often used in

2070-780: Was at the 3rd International Friendship Tournament held in Los Angeles – USA and at the 1st World Championship in Tokyo – Japan. In 1995 it was at the Seminar and Tournament in Yamagata – Japan. Present at the 2nd World Championship in Paris – France and in 1996 Brazil had the great honor of hosting the 4th International Friendship Tournament. In 2018, ANB was honored to host the International Naginata Seminar that took place in São Paulo. Currently in Brazil there

2116-523: Was taken into family as Noda Shiro. In 1913, the Otaru Genbukan was constructed in Nanburo. Chiba Katsutaro (Michisaburo's second son) gave his permission to use the name Genbukan. In 1933, 14 year-old Konishi Shigejirō became a disciple of Otaru Genbukan, becoming an assistant instructor in 1937. In 1938, Shigejirō joined the war. In 1944, Noda Shiro died. After the war in 1945, Shigejirō conceded

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