Misplaced Pages

#51948

22-439: The system used rubber-tyred, three-section articulated vehicles . The vehicles used trolley poles to collect current from parallel overhead lines , and also ran independently without the central guide rail . The system was implemented as a replacement for the trolleybus network. Operation of the 11.1 km (6.9 mi) long line began in 2000. The system had problems with derailing vehicles, as well as heavy wear and tear of

44-480: A large tugboat, with between seven and nine crew members. The typical American ATB operating on the east coast, per custom, displays navigational lights of a towing vessel pushing ahead, as described in the '72 COLREGS. Boston Elevated Railway The Boston Elevated Railway ( BERy ) was a streetcar and rapid transit railroad operated on, above, and below, the streets of Boston, Massachusetts and surrounding communities. Founded in 1894, it eventually acquired

66-648: A new franchise for such an endeavor, which resulted in the founding in 1894 in the establishment of the Boston Elevated Railway. The first stretch of elevated track was put in service in 1901, between Sullivan Square in Charlestown and Dudley Square in Roxbury. In 1897, BERy acquired a long-term lease on the West End's lines, and the two companies were formally merged in 1922. The elevated network

88-930: A rigid and strong method as to be certified as such by authorities (classification societies) such as the American Bureau of Shipping , Lloyd's Register of Shipping , Indian Register of Shipping , Det Norske Veritas or several others. These units stay combined under virtually any sea conditions and the "tugs" usually have poor sea-keeping designs for navigation without their "barges" attached. Vessels in this category are legally considered to be ships rather than tugboats and barges must be staffed accordingly. These vessels must show navigation lights compliant with those required of ships rather than those required of tugboats and vessels under tow. "Articulated Tug and Barge" (ATB) units also utilize mechanical means to connect to their barges. ATBs generally utilize Intercon and Bludworth connecting systems. ATBs are generally staffed as

110-581: A semitrailer) [6] [a] is the combination of a tractor unit and one or more semi-trailers to carry freight. Many train cars are made with articulated connections, sharing a common truck between two cars. This reduces costs, weight, vibration and noise; and also enables higher speed running. One of the first examples of articulated railway carriages were used by the London & North Eastern Railway (LNER) in Great Britain on its London Suburban Trains in

132-717: A single track when making a turn in a soft surface like mud or sand. (the rear wheels follow the front wheel trajectory) The most common models of articulated haulers are Caterpillar , Volvo , and Terex trucks ranging in tonnage from 25 to 40 ton . Some military vehicles, including the United States Armed Forces ' M561 Gama Goat and the Swedish Bandvagn 206 were engineered with an articulated body for rough terrain capability. The "integral unit", or "Integrated Tug and Barge" (ITB), comprises specially designed vessels that lock together in such

154-507: Is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . This European tramway-related article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Articulated vehicle An articulated vehicle is a vehicle which has a permanent or semi-permanent coupling in its construction. This coupling works as a large pivot joint , allowing it to bend and turn more sharply. There are many kinds, from heavy equipment to buses , trams and trains . Steam locomotives were sometimes articulated so

176-523: Is not necessarily considered articulated. Buses are articulated to allow for a much longer bus that can still navigate within the turning radius of a normal bus. Most buses have one articulation, but some have two . In the UK, tractor unit and trailer combinations are referred to as articulated lorries , or "artics". A semi-trailer truck, also known as a semitruck, [1] (or semi, [2] eighteen-wheeler, [3] big rig, [4] tractor-trailer [5] or, by synecdoche,

198-538: The Boston trackless trolley system was opened by BERy, on April 11, 1936. It was route 77 (later 69 ), Harvard – Lechmere via Cambridge Street. Trackless trolleys ran from Harvard station, but only to the west and north, not east to Lechmere after 1963. Trackless trolley service to these routes ended in March of 2022, and they were replaced with temporary diesel buses that are to be replaced with battery electric busses in

220-572: The West End Street Railway via lease and merger to become the city's primary mass transit provider. Its modern successor is the state-run Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority (MBTA), which continues to operate in part on infrastructure developed by BERy and its predecessors. Originally intended to build a short electric trolley line to Brookline, the West End Street Railway was organized in 1887. By

242-644: The electric power industry was in its infancy; the power grid as we know it today simply did not exist. The railway company constructed its own power stations; by 1897, these included distributed generation stations in downtown Boston, Allston, Cambridge (near Harvard), Dorchester, Charlestown, East Cambridge, and East Boston. By 1904, the system had 36 megawatts of generating capacity, 421 miles (678 km) of track for over 1,550 street cars (mostly closed but some open), and 16 miles (26 km) of elevated track for 174 elevated cars. On November 7, 1916, Boston Elevated Railway Co. street car No. 393 smashed through

SECTION 10

#1732787902052

264-565: The 1950s. Articulated trams, were invented and first used by the Boston Elevated Railway in 1912–13. This was instead of using trailers or multiple units, which had been attempted in the early 1900s. The articulated design allows passengers (and fare inspectors) to move the entire length of the vehicle, whether stopped or in motion. Front loaders , graders , dump trucks and other vehicles have been made with articulated joints to greatly reduce their turning radius and make

286-474: The West End Street Railway was between Union Square, Allston and Park Square, downtown, via Harvard Street, Beacon Street, Massachusetts Avenue and Boylston Street. Trolleys first ran in 1889. The Green Line A branch later served roughly the same purpose. The last horse car line was along Marlborough Street in the Back Bay , and was never electrified. It was closed around 1900. In the late 19th century,

308-514: The driving wheels could pivot around corners. In a broader sense, any vehicle towing a trailer (including a semi-trailer ) could be described as articulated (which comes from the Latin word articulus , "small joint"). In the UK, an articulated lorry is the combination of a tractor and a trailer, abbreviated to "artic". In the US, it is called a semi-trailer truck , tractor-trailer or semi-truck and

330-502: The mid-1920s; this rolling stock was designed by Nigel Gresley and built at the LNER's Doncaster Works . The four set "Quad-arts" were one of the very earliest articulated trains, this innovation was to save space. Although not the same as modern high speed trains where all the carriages share common bogies , they are an early form of the now more common design. Trams and light rail vehicles have been made with articulated designs since

352-588: The next year it had consolidated ownership of a number of horse-drawn streetcar lines, composing a fleet of 7,816 horses and 1,480 rail vehicles. As the system grew, a switch to underground pulled-cable propulsion (modeled after the San Francisco cable car system ) was contemplated. After visiting Frank Sprague and witnessing the Richmond, Virginia system in action, WESR President Henry Whitney chose to deploy electric propulsion systems. A section of track

374-527: The pavement. In 2018, 12 vehicles from Caen were transferred to Nancy for use as spare parts donors. The TVR system was planned to be replaced by a conventional low-floor tram system, however due to high costs and steep gradients the TVR will be replaced by trolleybuses. This article about transport in France is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . This French railway -related article

396-668: The spring of 2024. The company's rapid transit lines have evolved into the Red , Blue , and Orange Lines . The only streetcars that remain are the various branches of the Green Line and the Ashmont–Mattapan High Speed Line ; the rest have been converted to buses . The Boston Elevated Railway operated in the following cities and towns: Additionally, streetcars from adjoining towns, run by other companies, operated over Boston Elevated Railway trackage. Operations of

418-498: The voltage and convert it to direct current for use by trains. The system was gradually converted until completion in 1931, when 14 substations were in place. This station would operate until 1981, when the MBTA had completed converting all of the active substations to be able to use 60 Hertz alternating current, and could switch to purchasing energy from local utility companies instead of running its own generators. The first route of

440-667: The warning gates of the open Summer Street drawbridge in Boston, plunging into the frigid waters of Fort Point Channel, killing 46 people. The first bus route was in 1922, between Union Square, Allston and Faneuil Street. In 1933 this was merged with the Union Square– Central bus and later became the 64 bus. In 1890, the West End Railway was authorized by the state to construct elevated railways , but did not pursue this possibility. The state consequently authorized

462-637: Was expanded to include six end-points, with vehicles run on the tracks in routes designed to allow passengers to reach any destination without changing trains. The difficulty of transporting coal over land from the Port of Boston and the short range of the direct current system prevented significant expansion inland. In 1911, a large generating station was built in South Boston which produced 25 Hertz alternating current , which could be transmitted long distances at high voltage, to substations which would drop

SECTION 20

#1732787902052

484-756: Was used to test the Bentley-Knight underground power line, but this was abandoned because of failures and safety concerns (especially after the electrocution of a team of horses in 1889). After competing in operational tests with the Sprague streetcar system, the Thomson-Houston company was chosen for system-wide deployment of overhead wires. The electrified rapid transit system was named an IEEE Milestone in Electrical Engineering in 2004. The first electric trolley line built by

#51948