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47-578: On May 18, 1934, Rhode Island voters approved a measure legalizing parimutuel betting by an almost 3 to 1 margin. The following day, the Narragansett Racing Association announced plans for a $ 1 million race track and steeplechase course on the site of the former What Cheer Airport and filed articles of incorporation with the Secretary of State of Rhode Island . The Association chose to name their track after Narragansett Park ,

94-441: A Canadian or Super Yankee trying to pick five; these also include subsidiary bets. There are also other bets which are large combinations of singles, doubles, trebles and accumulators some of them are called Lucky 15, Lucky 31, Heinz, Super Heinz, Goliath. The term nap identifies the best bet of the day. Tote Ireland operates the following pools Bet types for harness racing (trotting): The Hong Kong Jockey Club (HKJC) operates

141-444: A bet involving two or more races. For example, a 1-all daily double wheel bets the 1-horse in the first race with every horse in the second. People making straight bets commonly employ the strategy of an "each way" bet. Here the bettor picks a horse and bets it will win, and makes an additional bet that it will show, so that theoretically if the horse runs third it will at least pay back the two bets. The Canadian and American equivalent

188-814: A case involving gambling on an election. Since 1930, the Court has been located within the Licht Judicial Complex at the base of College Hill in Providence, Rhode Island . Until 1994, the General Assembly sitting with both houses in "Grand Committee" chose the Supreme Court justices without the governor's consent. In 1994, after a wave of corruption scandals, citizens amended the Rhode Island Constitution to allow

235-504: A former trotting park in Cranston, Rhode Island . On June 6, 1934, the Narragansett Racing Association was awarded the state's first horse racing permit. Construction was completed in less than two months at a cost of $ 1.2 million. The track consisted of a one-mile racing oval, a 14,000 seat grandstand, 270 betting and paying booths, a clubhouse, and 22 barns with stalls that could hold more than 1,000 horses. The City of Pawtucket constructed

282-423: A hypothetical event that has eight possible outcomes, in a country using a decimal currency such as dollars , each outcome has a certain amount of money wagered: Thus, the total pool of money on the event is $ 1028.00. Following the start of the event, no more wagers are accepted. The event is decided and the winning outcome is determined to be Outcome 4 with $ 110.00 wagered. The payout is now calculated. First

329-403: A negative breakage may occur—for example, in horse racing when an overwhelming favorite wins (or shows or places). The parimutuel calculation results might call for a very small winning payout (say, $ 1.02 or $ 1.03 on a dollar bet), but legal regulations might require a larger payout (e.g., minimum $ 1.10 on a dollar bet). This condition is sometimes referred to as a minus pool. In an event with

376-466: A new four-lane highway leading to the entrance of the track and a double track railway was built near the stands. Narragansett Park opened on August 1, 1934, with 37,281 people in attendance, including Jack Dempsey , Cornelius Vanderbilt Whitney , Alfred Gwynne Vanderbilt Jr. , and Jesse H. Metcalf . The track's first card consisted of eight races. The feature race was a $ 5,000 added six furlongs sprint for three-year-olds and up won by Chinese Empress,

423-419: A set of n possible single-winner outcomes, with wagers W 1 , W 2 , ..., W n the total pool of money on the event is W T = ∑ i = 1 n W i . {\displaystyle W_{T}=\sum _{i=1}^{n}W_{i}.} After the wagering company deducts a commission rate of r from the pool, the amount remaining to be distributed between

470-459: A three-year-old chestnut filly. The mutuel handle for the day was $ 351,482. On Labor Day 1934 the track drew an estimated 53,922 patrons, the most for any sporting event in the history of Rhode Island. During its early years, Narragansett Park was one of the most financially successful tracks in the country. From the time it opened to September 30, 1936 it posted a net profit of $ 2,017,381.54. In 1934 Rhode Island received over $ 800,000 in revenue from

517-658: A vote of the Rhode Island House of Representatives and convicted by trial in the Rhode Island Senate . In 1747, the Rhode Island General Assembly authorized the creation of a Superior Court of Judicature, Court of Assize, and General Gaol Delivery , consisting of one chief justice and four associates, all serving one year terms. The 1747 enactment replaced an earlier appeals court of the same name, which had been composed of

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564-413: Is determined by a set multiple of the outcome, for example $ 60 for a five horse boxed trifecta at one unit ($ 1)—or $ 30 at half unit (50c). If the bet is successful, the bettor will get either the full winning amount shown on the board, or half the winning amount. Under a flexi system the bettor can nominate their desired total wager, and their percentage of payout is determined by this wager's relationship to

611-424: Is the bet across (short for across the board ): the bettor bets equal sums on the horse to win, place, and show. A parlay, accumulator or roll-up consists of a series of bets in which bettors stake the winnings from one race on the next in order until either the bettor loses or the series completes successfully. In Australia, certain exotic bet types can be laid as "flexi" bets. Usually the price of an exotic bet

658-468: The k winners, those who bet on outcome m will receive a payout of ( W R / k ) / W m for every dollar they bet on it. The parimutuel system was invented by French- Catalan entrepreneur and showman impresario Joseph Oller in 1867. The large amount of calculation involved in this system led to the invention of a specialized mechanical calculating machine known as a totalisator , "automatic totalisator" or "tote board", invented by

705-633: The Australian engineer George Alfred Julius . The first was installed at Ellerslie Racecourse , Auckland , New Zealand, in 1913, and they came into widespread use at race courses throughout the world. The U.S. introduction was in 1927, which led to the opening of the suburban Arlington Racetrack in Arlington Park , near Chicago, and Sportsman's Park in Cicero, Illinois , in 1932. Unlike many forms of casino gambling, in parimutuel betting

752-522: The Narragansett Special . The loss ended a streak of seven consecutive stakes wins for Seabiscuit, one shy of Discovery 's record. In the summer of 1937, track president Walter E. O'Hara got into an altercation with the state racing steward. The state Horse Racing Division ordered that O'Hara be removed as a track official of the race track for intimidating and interfering with the steward. The Horse Racing Division also ordered an audit of

799-554: The Rhode Island Supreme Court unanimously decided to quash the division's order to remove O'Hara. However, Quinn filed two charges with the division seeking O'Hara's removal as a track official and the revocation of the Narragansett Racing Association's license for O'Hara's attacks in the newspaper. The division sided with the Governor and ordered O'Hara's removal and indefinitely suspended the track's license at

846-426: The commission or take for the wagering company is deducted from the pool. For example, with a commission rate of 14.25% the calculation is: $ 1028 × 0.1425 = $ 146.49. This leaves a remaining amount of $ 881.51. This remaining amount in the pool is now distributed to those who wagered on Outcome 4: $ 881.51 / $ 110.00 = 8.01 ≈ $ 8 payout for $ 1 wagered. This payout includes the $ 1 wagered plus an additional $ 7 profit. Thus,

893-518: The 1950s. On October 9, 1960, two of the track's barns burned down. Many horses fled the barns and ran into neighboring yards and streets. By the 1970s the track had fallen upon hard times. Due to reduced public interest in thoroughbred racing, competition for racing dates with other New England tracks, and competition from greyhound racing and state lotteries for gambling dollars, attendance dropped and handles decreased rapidly. This led to an inability to attract high-quality horses. The physical condition of

940-571: The Narragansett Racing Association's books, which resulted in six new charges against the track to revoke its license for the fall racing season. O'Hara responded to the charges in his newspaper, the Providence Star-Tribune , in an article which he implied that Governor Robert E. Quinn was or would end up in Butler Hospital , a psychiatric hospital that specialized in the treatment of substance abuse. On September 15, 1937,

987-434: The association's president and managing director. He was succeeded by track secretary James Dooley . The track reopened in 1938 and attracted the same huge crowds it drew before the "war". On September 19, 1942, the track hosted a match race between Triple Crown winner Whirlaway and 1942 Preakness Stakes winner Alsab . The race was organized after members of the media accused track president James Dooley of concealing

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1034-542: The bettor. They may reduce their take from 15–18% to as little as 1–2%, while still generating a profit by operating with minimal overhead . There may be several different types of bets, in which case each type of bet has its own pool. The basic bets involve predicting the order of finish for a single participant, as follows: In Canada and the United States , the most common types of bet on horse races include: Win, place and show wagers class as straight bets, and

1081-547: The clubhouse was destroyed by a suspicious fire. The only remaining part of the track is part of the grandstand wall, which was the location of the Narragansett Flea Market and later a Building 19 store. Parimutuel betting Parimutuel betting or pool betting is a betting system in which all bets of a particular type are placed together in a pool; taxes and the "house-take" or "vigorish" are deducted, and payoff odds are calculated by sharing

1128-494: The end of the summer races. The summer racing season ended on September 30, 1937, however, the track did not remove O'Hara. The Supreme Court quashed the division's order to remove O'Hara and suspend the track's license. However, Quinn refused to permit racing at the track. On October 17, Quinn declared that Narragansett Park was "in a state of insurrection," and ordered the National Guard to enforce martial law. O'Hara, who

1175-554: The fact that Alsab would not run against Whirlaway in the September 12 Narragansett Special until after a large crowd had come to the track. The race was attended by 35,000 people and all three major radio networks provided live coverage. Whirlaway entered the $ 25,000 match race a 3 to 10 favorite, while Alsab went off at 8 to 5. Alsab jumped out to an early lead, holding as much as a two and a half length lead at one point. Whirlaway twice tried to move ahead of Alsab (once as they neared

1222-476: The far turn and once as the two horses entered the backstretch). However, both times jockey Carroll Bierman let Alsab stay ahead. Halfway through the stretch turn, jockey George Woolf turned Whirlway loose. Whirlway's late charge resulted in a photo finish, however Alsab won the race by a nose. The race is considered to be one of the greatest in New England racing history. The track began a slow decline in

1269-427: The final payout is not determined until the pool is closed – in fixed-odds betting, the payout is agreed at the time the bet is sold. Parimutuel gambling is frequently state-regulated, and offered in many places where gambling is otherwise illegal. Parimutuel gambling is often also offered at " off track " facilities, where players may bet on the events without actually being present to observe them in person. In

1316-527: The following common bet types and pools for horse racing. In Japan , horse racing (競馬, keiba ), velodrome cycling (競輪, keirin ), stock outboard powerboat racing (競艇, Kyōtei ), and paved flat track motorcycle racing (オートレース, Auto Race ) operate the following parimutuel types. Wager must be a multiple of 100 yen except Each-way. The following bet type are offered by the government-controlled betting agency Pari Mutuel Urbain (PMU). Tiercé, Quarté+ and Quinté+ bets are typically only offered on

1363-566: The full unit price. Using a five horse box trifecta, the bettor may wish to lay only $ 20 on the outcome. Their percentage of winnings is now calculated as $ 20/$ 60 = 33.3%. If the bet is successful, the payout will be 33.3% of the winning amount for a full unit bet. In recent times the "Roving Banker" variant for Trifecta and First4 betting is now offered. For a Roving Banker First4 the player selects one, two or three runners they believe will definitely finish 1st, 2nd, 3rd or 4th, and up to three selections as Roving Banker(s) with other runners to fill

1410-482: The gambler bets against other gamblers, not the house, which necessarily implies that the bank cannot be broken . The science of predicting the outcome of a race is called handicapping . Independent off-track bookmakers typically have a smaller take and thus offer better payoffs, but they are illegal in some countries. However, the introduction of Internet gambling led to "rebate shops". These off-shore betting shops promise to return some percentage of every bet made to

1457-456: The governor or deputy governor and at least six of the elected "assistants," which dated to 1729 under the same name and the composition dated back to the 1663 charter when it was known as the "General Court of Trials." This court had replaced an even earlier court formed under the Charter of 1644, a 1647 enactment of a code of laws, and a 1651 amendment creating appellate jurisdiction. Most of

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1504-462: The judges during the 18th century were laymen, merchants or farmers and did not possess formal legal training, and therefore the court did not explicitly follow English common law . Parties, however, could still appeal to either the British monarch, English courts or the General Assembly until independence in 1776. In 1747 the General Assembly appointed the first Chief Justice, Gideon Cornell , who

1551-646: The largest race of the day. Rhode Island Supreme Court The Rhode Island Supreme Court is the court of last resort in the U.S. State of Rhode Island . The Court consists of a Chief Justice and four Associate Justices, all selected by the Governor of Rhode Island from candidates vetted by the Judicial Nominating Commission. Each justice enjoys lifetime tenure and no mandatory retirement age, similar to Federal judges. Justices may be removed only if impeached for improper conduct by

1598-410: The odds on Outcome 4 are 7-to-1 (or, expressed as decimal odds , 8.01). Prior to the event, betting agencies will often provide an approximate pay-out figure for each given outcome should no more bets be accepted after the current time. Using the wagers and commission rate above (14.25%), an approximates table in decimal odds and fractional odds would be: In real-life examples, such as horse racing ,

1645-482: The pool among all winning bets. In some countries it is known as the tote after the totalisator , which calculates and displays bets already made. The parimutuel system is used in gambling on horse racing , greyhound racing , jai alai , and other sporting events of relatively short duration in which participants finish in a ranked order. A modified parimutuel system is also used in some lottery games. Parimutuel betting differs from fixed-odds betting in that

1692-489: The pool size often extends into millions of dollars with many different types of outcomes (winning horses) and complex commission calculations. Sometimes, the amounts paid out are rounded down to a denomination interval—in California , Australia , and British Columbia , 10¢ intervals are used. The rounding loss is known as breakage and is retained by the betting agency as part of the commission. In some situations,

1739-510: The remaining place(s). A Roving Banker Trifecta is where the player believes that one or two runners will definitely finish 1st, 2nd or 3rd. The bet can be placed by picking the player's favourite runner to finish in any place within the bet and complete the Trifecta with any number of other runners to fill the other placing(s). The following pools are operated at meetings in mainland Britain: Exotic wagers are usually made on horses running at

1786-459: The remaining wagers as exotic bets. Bettors usually make multiple wagers on exotic bets. A box consists of a multiple wager in which bettors bet all possible combinations of a group of horses in the same race. A key involves making a multiple wager with a single horse in one race bet in one position with all possible combinations of other selected horses in a single race. A multi-race wheel (cf. wheel, above) consists of betting all horses in one race of

1833-576: The same track on the same program. In the United Kingdom , bookmakers also offer exotic wagers on horses at different tracks. Probably the Yankee occurs most commonly: in this the bettor tries to pick the winner of four races. This bet also includes subsidiary wagers on smaller combinations of the chosen horses; for example, if only two of the four horses win, the bettor still collects for their double. A Trixie requires trying to pick three winners, and

1880-602: The stretch of street where the concert stage stood (at 510 Narragansett Park Drive) renamed as 'Beach Boys Way.' On June 29, 1979, the stockholders of Narragansett Park voted to sell the track to the City of Pawtucket for $ 5.6 million. The city used a grant from the United States Department of Housing and Urban Development to buy and improve the land, which they sold to developers below market value to stimulate employment and business investment. On May 30, 1981,

1927-408: The successful bettors is W R = W T (1 − r ) . Those who bet on the successful outcome m will receive a payout of W R / W m for every dollar they bet on it. When there are k possible winners, such as a North American "place" bet which has k = 2 winners, the total amount to be distributed W R is first divided into k equal shares. If m is one of

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1974-476: The track deteriorated as well. On Labor Day 1978, only 2,882 patrons paid to gain admittance. Two days later it was announced the track would close. On September 2, 1977, The Beach Boys performed at Narragansett Park before an audience of 40,000, which remains the largest concert audience in Rhode Island history. In 2017, music historians Al Gomes and Connie Watrous of Big Noise were successful in getting

2021-467: The track received patrons from Boston via the New Haven Railroad . During the racing season, daily trains, known as "'Gansett Specials" ran from Boston's South Station to the station tracks at Naragansett Park. The trains left Boston around noon to arrive in time for the first race and returned following the last race. Narragansett Park was part of many horse racing innovations. The track

2068-401: The track, which was more than 10% of the state's entire budget. Narragansett also became known as somewhat of a “High Society” due to its proximity to Newport, Rhode Island – the summer resort of many wealthy owners from New York City . The track was frequented by celebrities, including Cab Calloway , Jimmy Durante , Babe Ruth , Lou Gehrig , Mickey Rooney , and Milton Berle . For decades,

2115-481: Was a judge, farmer, and merchant, and the second, Joshua Babcock , a Yale -educated physician. Stephen Hopkins , later signatory of the Declaration of Independence , served as the third Chief Justice from 1747 to 1755. In 1798, the General Assembly renamed the Court the "Supreme Judicial Court," and in 1843, the "Supreme Court." The first officially recorded decision was Stoddard v. Martin , 1 R.I. 1 (1828),

2162-620: Was in Maryland on business, flew back to the track and was escorted by guardsmen to his penthouse on the track's roof, where he entertained journalists and politicians and played March of the Wooden Soldiers over the public address system for the guardsmen. On February 9, 1938, sheriff's deputies battered down the Narragansett Racing Association' doors and seized records on order of the Superior Court. O'Hara then resigned as

2209-500: Was one of the first in the country to install a photo finish camera and a starting gate . It was also one of the first to institute a $ 1,000 minimum purse. On June 22, 1935, Seabiscuit broke his maiden at Narragansett and equaled the five-furlong track record. Four days later in the Watch Hill Claiming Stakes he once again broke the track record, this time by a full second. In 1937, Seabiscuit finished third in

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