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53-681: Nasuh Paha born in Gümülcine , he was an Ottoman politician of Albanian origin. He went young to Istanbul and obtained minor assignments from the menagerie. Thanks to the support of his friend Mehmed Agha he quickly got up and was soon appointed voivod of the Qaḍāʾ of Zile , in Anatolia , and then governor of Fülek in Hungary . He married the daughter of Kurdish prince Mir Sheref becoming rich and powerful, which made him proud and cruel. In 1602 he

106-568: A cinema complex, cafés and restaurants. The area stretching from Kosmopolis to Ifaistos is gradually becoming a retail destination in its own right. Komotini began life as a Byzantine Fortress built by the Emperor Theodosius in the 4th century AD. The ruins of this quadrangular structure can still be found NW of the central square. Komotini has several museums including the Archaeological , Byzantine and Folklore museums. SW of

159-448: A hostel ( imaret ) built by Evrenos. In the 1519 census, the city numbered 393 Muslim households and 197 single (unmarried or widowed) Muslims, 42 Christian households and 14 single Christians, and 19 Jewish households and 5 single Jews, in total ca. 2,500 people. In the 1530 census, the 17 Turkish-named neighbourhoods ( mahalle ) are mentioned, as well as the existence of one Friday mosque , 16 masjids , 4 zawiyas , 4 schools, and

212-543: A low voice, always looking to humiliate others. He amassed enormous wealth and considered himself chosen to rule. The sultan decided to remove him from his post and had him strangled by the chief of his bodyguards, the Bostanji-bashi , on October 17, 1614. Nasuh Pasha's properties were confiscated. This Ottoman biographical article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Komotini Komotini ( Greek : Κομοτηνή , Turkish : Gümülcine )

265-518: A number that does not include approximately 12,000 resident students, trainees and soldiers. There are two airports near Komotini. The nearest is in Alexandroupoli (65 km), and the other is in Kavala (80 km). It has rail and bus links to all continental Greek cities as well as Istanbul , and the good provincial road network has been supplemented by the new A2 motorway , also known as

318-505: A single church (in the walled city). Nevertheless, the French traveller Pierre Bellon du Mans, who visited the city in 1548, stated that "the city is inhabited by a few Greeks and majority Turks". In the 1600s, the town was graced by new buildings—a small Friday mosque, a double bath, a mekteb , a madrasah , and an imaret —by the defterdar Ekmekcizade Ahmed Pasha , who sponsored numerous such works throughout Thrace . Ahmed's mosque,

371-582: A small rectilinear fortress on the road at a junction with a route leading north across the Rhodope Mountains toward Philippopolis . During the Byzantine period, the city belonged to the Theme of Macedonia , whilst from the 11th century it could be found within the newly founded theme of Boleron . For most of its early existence the settlement was overshadowed by the larger town of Mosynopolis to

424-415: A son of Dionysus , or even a companion of Osiris . According to Pseudo-Scymnus it was founded by Chios in the fourth year of the fifty-ninth Olympiad (540 BCE). According to Pliny , its ancient name was Ortagures or Ortagurea . It was located on the hill of Agios Charalampos, and archaeological findings date it as a much older and as a pure Thracian city. Herodotus says it belonged to

477-487: A thriving commercial and administrative centre. It is heavily centralised with the majority of commerce and services based around the historical core of the city. Getting around on foot is therefore very practical. However, traffic can be remarkably heavy due to the daily commute. In the past, the Trelohimaros river used to flow through the city and divide it into two parts. In the 1970s, after repeated flooding episodes

530-671: Is a city in the region of East Macedonia and Thrace , northeastern Greece and its capital. It is also the capital of the Rhodope . It was the administrative centre of the Rhodope-Evros super-prefecture until its abolition in 2010, by the Kallikratis Plan . The city is home to the Democritus University of Thrace , founded in 1973. Komotini is home to a sizeable Turkish minority. They were excluded from

583-461: Is a village and a former municipality in Rhodope regional unit , East Macedonia and Thrace , Greece . Since the 2011 local government reform it is part of the municipality Maroneia-Sapes , of which it is a municipal unit. The municipal unit has an area of 287.155 km . Population 5,129 (2021). The seat of the municipality was in Xylagani . In legend, it was said to have been founded by Maron ,

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636-600: Is an established university city in the North of Greece. It is home to the Central Administration and several departments of the Democritus University of Thrace including the following: The Komotini campus has a dynamic population of approximately 5–10.000 students and a major part of social life evolves around it. The founding of the University of Thrace in 1973 has had a significant positive influence on

689-542: Is divided by a paved road which leads to the ruins of yet another Byzantine fortress and the historical (WWII) fort of Nymfaia. Writings in the area of ancient Maroneia confirm the presence of Jews in the area. In the 16th century the Jewish community of Komotini consisted of Sephardite Jews who were textile and wool merchants. Many of the Jews had come to Komotini as immigrants from Edirne and Thessaloniki. The Jewish community

742-534: Is placed after the fall of Philippopolis and Stara Zagora, but before the Ottoman capture of Pegae . Already before that, it was called in Turkish as Gümülcine , a version of the demotic Greek form of the city's name, Koumoutsinas. This remained the city's name throughout the Ottoman period (ca. 1361–1912) and continues as its modern Turkish-language name today. The city continued to be an important hub connecting

795-490: The 1923 population exchange. According to the 2021 census, the municipality of Komotini had population of 65,243 citizens. Built at the northern part of the plain bearing the same name, Komotini is one of the main administrative, financial and cultural centers of northeastern Greece and also a major agricultural and breeding center of the area. It is also a significant transport interchange, located 795 km NE of Athens and 281 km NE of Thessaloniki . The presence of

848-590: The Cicones . Maroneia was close to the Ismaros mentioned by Homer in the Odyssey . Some scholars identify Maroneia with his Ismaros. Homer has Odysseus plundering the city but sparing Maron, whom he identifies as a priest of Apollo . Maron presents Odysseus with a gift of wine , as well as with gold and silver. In the era of Ancient Greece and Rome , Maroneia was famous for its wine production. The wine

901-399: The Democritus University of Thrace makes Komotini the home of thousands of Greek and international students and this, combined with an eclectic mix of Western and Oriental elements in the city's daily life, have made it an increasingly attractive tourist destination. Komotini has existed as a settlement since the 2nd century AD. That is confirmed by archaeological finds of that era up until

954-654: The Edirne Vilayet , boasted 13,560 inhabitants, 10 Friday mosques, 15 masjids , 2 Greek and one Armenian church, a synagogue, 4 madrasahs , two higher schools, ten mektebs , and various other Christian and Jewish schools. During the First Balkan War , Bulgarian forces captured the city, only to surrender it to the Greek army during the Second Balkan War on 14 July 1913. In the aftermath of

1007-551: The Egnatia Odos . The municipality Komotini was formed at the 2011 local government reform by the merger of the following 3 former municipalities, that became municipal units: The municipality has an area of 644.934 km , the municipal unit 385.386 km . The province of Komotini ( Greek : Επαρχία Κομοτηνής ) was one of the provinces of the Rhodope Prefecture. Its territory corresponded with that of

1060-514: The Thracian plain near the foothills of the Rhodope Mountains . It is situated between two rivers, Boklutzas on the west and Trelohimaros on the east (which form, alongside the Karidia stream, the river Bosbozis). There is little urban planning in the older parts of city, in contrast to more recently developed quarters. According to the 2011 census, the municipality's population amounts to 66,919,

1113-755: The Yeni Mosque , which survives to this day, is the only structure in Greece to feature Iznik tiles from the 1580s, the zenith of the Iznik potters' art. When the traveller Evliya Çelebi visited the town in 1667/8, he found "4,000 prosperous, stone-built houses"—likely an exaggeration—in 16 mahalles , with 5 main mosques, 11 masjids , 2 imarets , 2 baths, 5 madrasahs (only one of which survives today), 7 mektebs , 17 caravanserais , and 400 shops. The town suffered greatly from repeated plague epidemics, which led to entire villages being abandoned, but recovered in

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1166-583: The civil war between John VI Kantakouzenos and John V Palaiologos , Komotini along with the neighbouring forts of Asomatos, Paradimi, Kranovouni and Stylario joined Kantakouzenos' side. John VI Kantakouzenos escaped to Komotini to survive from a battle with the army of the Bulgarian brigand Momchil near the already ruined Mosynopolis. The city was conquered by the Ottoman Empire between 1361 and 1362/3, apparently by Gazi Evrenos Bey . Its conquest

1219-579: The 17th century CE due to the threat of piracy. During the Greek Revolution of 1821 , people from Maroneia, like Panagiotis Michanidis and Georgios Gevidis , supported the revolt. In December 1877 Captain Petko Voyvoda overthrew the Ottoman rule and established a free administration in the town. It is the seat of a Roman Catholic titular bishopric called Maronea. [REDACTED]  This article incorporates text from

1272-604: The 19th century. During the Greek War of Independence Komotini's inhabitants contributed substantially with Ioannikios (later bishop), Aggelis Kirzalis and Captain Stavros Kobenos (members of the Filiki Eteria organisation). During the following decades Komotini progressed financially due to the processing and trade of tobacco. The 19th century saw the city expand and considerable architectural activity, with

1325-480: The 4th century. It is also confirmed by an inscription on the ruins of the 4th-century Byzantine wall, that are visible at various sites in the city, which reads " Theodosiou Ktisma " = Building of Theodosius. The inscription was discovered by the Komotini-born Prof. Stilponas Kyriakidis and the then mayor Sofoklis Komninos. It is said that the settlement originates from the 5th century and is linked to

1378-664: The Bulgarian administration, the Bulgarians (Nazi allies) arrested 863 Jews and sent them to the concentration camp of Treblinka where they were exterminated (28 survived the Holocaust). In 1958 the Israelite community was dissolved due to lack of members. In 2004 the municipality of Komotini created a memorial (southern entrance of Central Park) for the victims of the Holocaust. The city stands at an altitude of 32-38m on

1431-522: The Second Balkan War, it became briefly the capital of the short-lived Provisional Government of Western Thrace , but the Treaty of Bucharest , however, handed the city back to Bulgaria . The city was part of Bulgaria until the end of World War I . During this period, the city had the Bulgarian name Гюмюрджина Gyumyurdžina . In 1919 after the end of WWI, with the Treaty of Neuilly , Komotini

1484-680: The area. In 1331 John Kantakouzenos referred to her as Koumoutzina in his account of the Byzantine civil war of 1321–1328 . In 1332 Andronikos III Palaiologos set camp in Komotini to face Umur Bey of Smyrna at the Panagia village close to the Panagia Vathirryakos (Fatirgiaka) monastery. However, Umur departed without a battle. In 1341 the historian Nikephoros Phokas referred to the town with its current name. In 1343, during

1537-745: The capital city of Constantinople with the European part of the Empire, and grew accordingly. Many monuments in the city today date to this era. Many local Greek families fled at that time to Epirus and founded the Koumoutzades village (modern Ammotopos, Arta). Even there they were persecuted by the Ottomans and some of them found refuge in Tropaia of Gortynia . The bond between the inhabitants of Komotini, Ammotopos and Tropaia exists to this day. In

1590-594: The central square one can find the Open-air Municipal Theatre, which hosts many cultural shows and events such as the cultural summer (πολιτιστικό καλοκαίρι = politistiko kalokairi ). There is a Regional Theatre (DIPETHE) whose company produces many plays all year round. 6 kilometres (4 miles) NE of Komotini is the Nymfaia forest. It has recreational facilities which comprise trails, courts, playgrounds and space for environmental studies . The forest

1643-408: The city), Municipal Swimming pool and Basketball Arena, Democritus University Sports Complex including an Arena and an Aquatic Centre as well as basketball courts in almost every school in the city. The mountainous area in the north of the city is ideal for mountain-biking and trekking as well as 4x4 racing both of which take place throughout the year. Maroneia Maroneia ( Greek : Μαρώνεια )

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1696-560: The coastal areas and major Greek cities. The city is served by Hellenic Train , with services running regularly at least twice daily westwards to Thessaloniki and Athens and eastwards to Evros and occasionally Istanbul. The station is located outside the city Center. There is an impressive array of sports facilities available. They include the Komotini Municipal Stadium (Home of Panthrakikos FC), Panthrakiko Stadium (training grounds), Municipal Sports Complex (NE of

1749-506: The current municipalities Komotini and Iasmos , and the municipal units Maroneia and Organi . It was abolished in 2006. There are more than adequate primary and secondary education facilities in the city. There are around 20 primary schools, 7 gymnasia (junior high schools) and 4 lykeia (high schools) as well as the Institute for Vocational Training ( IEK Komotini ). In addition there is 2 technical education institutes (TEE). Komotini

1802-662: The daughter of the painter Parrasios from Maroneia . During the Roman age it was one of several fortresses along the Via Egnatia highway which existed in the Thrace area. Probably it is to be identified with the Roman station Breierophara (a Thracian toponym from bre (=fortress) + iero (= holy) + phara=para (=pass). The most important city of that period was neighbouring Maximianopolis , former Thracian Porsulis or Paesoulae, which

1855-718: The entire urban area fuelling the city's expansion and growth. The Police Academy is located 7 kilometres (4 miles) from Komotini on the road to Xanthi on extensive grounds and with modern facilities. The main television station based in Komotini is R Channel although other stations broadcast from the city, namely Delta from neighbouring Alexandroupoli and ET3 (the northern branch of the Hellenic Broadcasting Corporation) from Thessaloniki. The main Radio Stations broadcasting from Komotini are: There has been increasing activity in this sector for

1908-495: The expenses of the army, but the sultan communicated this to the grand vizier who requested such sums as a fine. But the Grand Vizier died shortly after (5 August 1611) at the age of 76 and Nasuh was appointed to the post. He married Ahmed I's daughter, Ayşe Sultan (1612). He mercilessly repressed his real or imaginary adversaries. He was brave, eloquent and dynamic but at the same time irritable, violent and unable to speak in

1961-399: The extensive and rich territory and also to the port which favored the development of intense commercial activity. Furthermore, Romans had granted many privileges to the city, such as the proclamation its freedom and the increase of its territory, where a dense network of rural settlements was developed. Today's settlement is located on a hillside of mount Ismaros. It was transferred there in

2014-455: The first two decades after its conquest, until 1383, the city was the seat of a frontier march ( uç ) under Evrenos, confronting the Serbian territories of Macedonia . The walled city continued to be inhabited by locals, Gazi Evrenos also brought in Turkish settlers to the countryside around the town to stop any riots. During the prevailingly Ottoman rule of the area, it appears that the region

2067-624: The former Soviet Union (mainly Georgia , Armenia , Russia and Kazakhstan ). The Muslim population of Western Thrace dates to the Ottoman period, and unlike the Muslim population in other regions of Greece were exempted from the 1922-23 Greek-Turkish population exchange following the Treaty of Lausanne . Komotini has the highest percentage of Muslims in any city of the European Union (54.77% - metro area) Komotini is, nowadays,

2120-402: The huge number of students living in the city. The Old commercial centre is very popular with tourists as it houses traditional shops and workshops that have long vanished from other Greek cities. In addition, in the northwestern outskirts of the city (Nea Mosinoupoli) locals and tourists alike flock into a modern shopping plaza: Kosmopolis Park, which houses department stores, shops, supermarkets,

2173-490: The last 50 years. There are now 7 daily and 2 weekly active newspapers in the city. All of the above are paper based. However, there is an increasing volume of news and content that is on the newspapers' websites. The latter can be accessed from the news section of Komotini's commercial portal. Komotini is a midland city and has no port. It is served by two airports. The nearest is in Alexandroupoli (65 km), and

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2226-493: The other is in Kavala (80 km). European route E90 runs through the city and connects Komotini with the other Greek Continental cities. The Egnatia Odos ( A2 motorway ) lies south of the city. One can enter the city from one of two Junctions; 'Komotini West' and 'Komotini East'. There are a number of municipal buses serving 3 main lines within the city. The Intercity Bus Company of Komotini connects it to many local villages,

2279-540: The renovation of old and the construction of new buildings. Both the Yeni Mosque and Evrenos' original masjid , the Eski Mosque , were enlarged by the addition of spacious prayer halls, while Sultan Abdulhamid II erected a clock tower and a madrasah . During his reign, the town became a station in the railway linking Constantinople with Salonica . By the 1880s, the city, capital of the homonymous sanjak in

2332-483: The river was eventually diverted and flows on the east of the city, while its former bed has been replaced by the main avenues of the city, such as the Orfeos Street. At the heart of the city lie the evergreen Municipal Central Park and the 15 m-high WW2 Heroes' Memorial, locally known as 'The Sword'. The revamped Central square or Plateia Irinis (Square of Peace) is the focus of a vibrant nightlife boosted by

2385-528: The roof collapsed in 1993, the synagogue was demolished in 1994. In 1900 there were 1,200 Jews. In 1910 the Alliance Israelite Universelle School started functioning. Greek, French and Hebrew were taught in the school. In 1912–13 many Jews moved to larger cities such as Thessaloniki and Istanbul. After the liberation of Komotini (May 1920) the Israelite community of Komotini had a Cultural Club and Charity organisations. During

2438-464: The west, and by the end of the 12th century, the place had been completely abandoned. The current settlement dates to 1207, when, following the destruction of Mosynopolis by the Bulgarian tsar Kaloyan , the remnant population fled and established themselves within the walls of the abandoned fortress. Since then the population had been increasing continuously until it became an important town within

2491-690: Was appointed governor of Sivas , in 1603 of Aleppo and in 1606 of Diyarbekir . In 1606, he was appointed third vizier and serasker of the expedition to Persia, but before leaving he was sent to suppress the revolt in Anatolia ; for a betrayal by the Kurds he lost a battle and until 1608 he was unable to rejoin the army of the Grand Vizier Kuyucu Murad Pasha who received him coldly. In 1610 he asked Sultan Ahmed I to be appointed grand vizier in exchange for 40,000 ducats and

2544-405: Was concentrated within the ancient walls of the city and was expanded after 1896 to the west, along Makavaion street (renamed Karaoli), where the Jewish school and Jewish club were located. The synagogue Beth El was built in the 19th century within the citadel and was enlarged in stages, as late as in 1914. The synagogue was used as a stable during WWII, and later stood abandoned for many years. After

2597-462: Was esteemed everywhere; it was said to possess the odor of nectar , and to be capable of mixture with twenty or more times its quantity with water. That the people of Maroneia venerated Dionysus , we learn not just from its famous Dionysian Sanctuary, the foundations of which can still be seen today, but also from the city's coins. It was a member of the Delian League . In 200 BCE it

2650-468: Was handed to Greece, along with the rest of Western Thrace. The population is quite multilingual for a city of its size and it is made up of local Greeks , Greek refugees from Asia Minor and East Thrace , Muslim population of Turkish , Pomak , Greek and Roma origins, descendants of refugees who survived the Armenian genocide , and Pontic Greeks from north-eastern Anatolia and the regions of

2703-515: Was largely supported, and subsequent Ottoman censuses show that Muslim Turks quickly became the dominant element in the rural districts around the city. Evrenos also invested in the city as building camiiye (small mosque), an imaret , bath , and shops outside the city walls, establishing a waqf that according to Machiel Kiel became the "nucleus of Islamic life in Western Thrace". The 16th-century geographer Mehmed-i Ashik also mentions

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2756-544: Was renamed to Mosynopolis in the 9th century. Komotini was a Via Egnatia hub on its northern route through the Nymphaea Pass which led to the Ardas Valley, Philippopolis (modern Plovdiv ) and Byzantine Berroe (modern Stara Zagora ). The city's history is closely connected with that of Via Egnatia , the Roman trunk road which connected Dyrrhachium with Constantinople . The Roman emperor Theodosius I built

2809-526: Was taken by Philip V of Macedon ; and when he was ordered by the Romans to evacuate the towns of Thrace, he vented his rage by slaughtering a great number of the inhabitants of the city. The Roman Republic subsequently granted Maroneia to Attalus , King of Pergamon , but almost immediately revoked their gift and declared it a free city. Maroneia was the largest and most important of all ancient Greek colonies of Western Thrace. The city owed its prosperity to

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