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82-526: The tunnel is 131 metres (430 ft) long, 5.5 metres (18 ft) wide and 8–10 metres (26–33 ft) high. It is dug at an 8% incline, which helps drainage and lets natural light illuminate it. Today, and despite its narrow lanes, the Sigmundstor is an important and busy transport route, carrying both car traffic and routes 1, 8 and 10 of the Salzburg trolleybus system . To the north of the main tunnel

164-477: A "Jewish creation" in the hands of "Bolshevism". In 1934, the Christian Social Party , the dominant party on the right, overthrew the democratic system and established a regime inspired by fascism. The social democrats and communists put up armed resistance, but it was quickly crushed. When Anschluss took place in 1938 at the hands of Adolf Hitler 's Nazi Germany , he brought Austria into

246-637: A 39.5% of the popular votes, going to the FPÖ (from 3 to 5) with a 13% of the votes. The ÖVP had 14 seats with a 36.5% of the votes and the Grüne 2 seat with a 7.3% . The BZÖ had no seat with a 3.7% of the votes, showing a growing of the right-wing parties. In the State elections 2013 the SPÖ lost its majority to the ÖVP. Since then, the ÖVP has providing the governor (Landeshauptmann) with Wilfried Haslauer jun. again. Styria

328-455: A Nazi doctor in the euthanasia ward Am Spiegelgrund in Vienna, where human experiments on children were performed. Those children with presumptive mental defects were eventually killed, often by lethal injection . Gross was probably himself involved in the experimentations and killings. The Austrian judicial system protected him for a very long time from any kind of prosecution, something that

410-512: A grand coalition with the ÖVP before returning to opposition for the first time in 30 years. The party governed again from 2007 to 2017. Since 2017, the SPÖ have been the primary opposition to the ÖVP governments of Sebastian Kurz , Alexander Schallenberg , and Karl Nehammer . Since its foundation in 1889 as the SDAPÖ, the party has been one of the main political forces in Austria. At the start of

492-499: A great democratic German republic, thus taking up a revolutionary project of 1848 . The victors of the war did not see it that way and set the borders of Austria. In the interwar period , Austromarxism , maintaining its particularities in the face of German social democracy – which had bloodily suppressed the Spartacist uprising of 1919 – and Soviet communism, envisaged the creation of a new international aimed at bringing together

574-440: A mandatory concentration government, where each party with a certain number of seats in the state parliament automatically participates in the state government. The term coalition refers to the co-operation between parties and not to the participation in the state cabinet. In Lower Austria , the SPÖ received 29.2% in 1998. It increased its shares by 3.2% in 2003 and ended up with 32.4%. In the 2008 Lower Austrian state election ,

656-550: A minor role. On 1 October 1940, trolleybus service was introduced in Salzburg, on the Siegmundsplatz– Maxglan route, which is now part of line 1. A few days later, on 24 October 1940, the extension to Makartplatz followed, and on 10 November 1940, the line was further extended, to Salzburg Hauptbahnhof . On 16 February 1942, the ring lines M and L (Maxglan–Lehen–Hauptbahnhof–Zentrum–Maxglan) came into operation. In

738-466: A more sloped front design similar to the design of Solaris's Tramino trams. They also introduced a new version of the system's livery, with red and black (with a white waist stripe) instead of red and cream or white. The first, no. 321, was delivered in May 2012, and the total number of Solaris Trollino MetroStyle trolleybuses ultimately reached 51, with the last arriving in 2018. At the beginning of 2020,

820-671: A new 2.2 kilometres (1.4 mi) route in the East of Salzburg. For many years until about 2000, almost all of the trolleybuses operating on the Salzburg system were made either by the German company MAN or its Austrian counterpart Gräf & Stift . After the former company took over the latter in 1971, the Gräf & Stift name remained in use as an MAN brand for the Austrian market and for trolleybuses until 2001, when ÖAF-Gräf & Stift AG

902-641: A pair of obelisks, to the right and left of the portal, was ever completed. Until around 1860 the Sigmundstor was defended on its western side by a fortified defensive Zwinger , including a defensive wall, guardhouse and tollbooth, surrounded in three sides by a moat with drawbridges. The tunnel itself could be defended with a palisade in the event of attack. 47°47′54″N 13°02′21″E  /  47.798429°N 13.039178°E  / 47.798429; 13.039178 Trolleybuses in Salzburg The Salzburg trolleybus system forms part of

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984-422: A parallel tunnel, for use by pedestrians and cyclists, was built to the north of the original tunnel. Over the years, the tunnel became one of the most important transport links in the city of Salzburg, avoiding long detours via alternative routes. The intensity of the traffic provided a challenge for the preservation of the structure and decorations of the centuries-old tunnel. In 2009, crumbling pieces of stone on

1066-592: A response to the disappointing results in the 1956 national elections , particularly among young voters, but also an effort to manage the increasingly strained relationship with the SJÖ. Over time, the JG has evolved into a parallel structure, closely aligned with the SPÖ and more in line with the party's objectives than the SJÖ. Many influential politicians have emerged from the ranks of the SJÖ, including figures like Bruno Kreisky and Andreas Babler , who have significantly shaped

1148-480: A result of these events, tensions between all parties involved continue to this day. Burgenland is a state that is a traditional stronghold of the SPÖ. Since 1964, the governors of this easternmost state have come from the SPÖ. Burgenland is one of the few states that are ruled by a SPÖ majority in the state assembly ( Landtag ). In 2000, the SPÖ received 46.6%. In 2005, it received 5.2% more votes and ended up with an absolute majority of 51.8%. After losing it in 2010,

1230-433: A share in government. While this coalition was still in power, the SPÖ's Heinz Fischer was elected president in the 2004 Austrian presidential election . Following the 2006 Austrian legislative election , another grand coalition was formed between the SPÖ and the ÖVP, lasting until 2017, when the SPÖ went back to the opposition . In the 2019 Austrian legislative election , the SPÖ lost 12 seats and shrunk to 21.2%. After

1312-469: A statue of the martyr Sigismund of Burgundy (†524) above war trophies and the Schrattenbach crest. The inscription there reads: ' D(eo) O(ptimo) M(aximo) - D(ivino) Sigismundo M(artyri) publico bono, commodo decori. SIgIsMVnDI ArChIepIsCopI SaLzVrgensIs P(rincepis) S(acri) R(omani imperii) comitib(us) de Schrattenbach aeternae memoriae W(olfgangus) Hagenauer archit(ectus) '. The capital letters in

1394-635: Is a social democratic political party in Austria . Founded in 1889 as the Social Democratic Workers' Party of Austria (German: Sozialdemokratische Arbeiterpartei Österreichs , SDAPÖ ) and later known as the Socialist Party of Austria (German: Sozialistische Partei Österreichs ) from 1945 until 1991, the party is the oldest extant political party in Austria. Along with the Austrian People's Party (ÖVP), it

1476-474: Is a newer parallel tunnel for pedestrians and cyclists. Initially, the tunnel was called Neutor and the square by the tunnel's eastern end was called Sigmundsplatz . Later, the square was re-named Herbert-von-Karajan-Platz in honour of Herbert von Karajan , the long-serving creative director of the Salzburg Festival . The Sigmund name was moved to the tunnel, however, most locals still refer to

1558-491: Is one of the country's two traditional major parties . It is positioned on the centre-left on the political spectrum. Since June 2023, the party has been led by Andreas Babler . It is currently the second largest of five parties in the National Council , with 40 of the 183 seats, and won 21.2% of votes cast in the 2019 legislative election . It holds seats in the legislatures of all nine states ; of these, it

1640-612: Is the largest party in three ( Burgenland , Carinthia , and Vienna .) The SPÖ is supportive of Austria's membership in the European Union , and it is a member of the Progressive Alliance and Party of European Socialists . It sits with the Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats in the European Parliament ; of Austria's 19 MEPs , five are members of the SPÖ. The party has close ties to

1722-549: The 2023 Social Democratic Party of Austria leadership election . At the 2024 Austrian legislative election the Social Democratic Party (SPÖ) won just 21.1%, marking its worst result ever in the National Council. Concerning the role of the SDAPÖ during Nazi rule from 1938 to 1945, the party started opening its archives and set in a commission to investigate its past conduct. Despite the fact

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1804-904: The Austrian Trade Union Federation (ÖGB) and the Austrian Chamber of Labour (AK). The SDAPÖ was the second largest party in the Imperial Council of the Austro-Hungarian Empire from the 1890s through 1910s. After the First World War , it briefly governed the First Austrian Republic , but thereafter returned to opposition. The party was banned in 1934 following the Austrian Civil War , and

1886-663: The Salzburger Lokalbahn , the system is currently operated by Salzburg AG  [ de ] , which markets it under the name StadtBus Salzburg . It is also integrated into the Salzburger Verkehrsverbund  [ de ] fare collection system. Along with the Salzburg S-Bahn , it forms the backbone of Salzburg's public transport network; the city's diesel bus network, operated by Albus Salzburg  [ de ] , plays only

1968-701: The Second World War . In 1945, the party was reconstituted as the Socialist Party of Austria ( German : Sozialistische Partei Österreichs , SPÖ) and was led by Adolf Schärf . The SPÖ entered the government of the Second Republic as part of a grand coalition with the Austrian People's Party (ÖVP) until 1966 and with the Communist Party of Austria until 1949. Renner became the first President of Austria . From 1971 to 1983,

2050-674: The Sigmundstor as the Neutor . In 1675 the court commissioner of buildings Michael Springrueber approached Hofkriegsrat Guidobald Franz Freiherr von Hegi with a proposal to improve the fortifications protecting the central areas of Salzburg city, cutting the Mönchsberg ridge in two, and connecting the parts with a drawbridge. This would prevent any enemy that had succeeded in taking the Monika and Augustiner forts from making its way along

2132-528: The World War I , it was the strongest party in parliament. At the ending of that war in 1918, the party leader Karl Renner became Chancellor of the First Republic . The SDAPÖ lost power in 1920, but it retained a strong base of support. After the break-up of the Austro-Hungarian Empire (1918), the Social Democratic Party supported for a time the idea of a union with Berlin in order to constitute

2214-481: The public transport network serving Salzburg , capital of the federal state of Salzburg in Austria . Opened on 1 October 1940, it replaced the Salzburg tramway network  [ de ] . One of only two such systems currently operating in Austria, the Salzburg trolleybus system is one of the largest trolleybus systems in western Europe. It presently carries 41 million passengers each year. Together with

2296-498: The Court Chamber's calculations, the cost of the artistic design of the two gates totalled 18,000 gulden . The tunnel itself had only cost a third of that amount because the excavated material could be resold for road construction. In 1916 a tramline was constructed through the tunnel. In 1940 this was replaced by a route of the Salzburg trolleybus system . The tunnel underwent major restoration works in 1985/6 and in 1968/9

2378-672: The Makartplatz, in front of the Holy Trinity Church . A new turning facility on the Aiglhofkreuzung from line 4 to line 2 was created in spring 2008, as well as a dedicated lane for trolleybuses in the Griesgasse in the city centre. The latter allows the stacking-and-demand retrieval of trolleybuses in the city centre for events. With the timetable change on 7 December 2007, line 4 was extended from Langwied over

2460-471: The Mönchsberg right up to the outer works of the castle and from bombarding the old town from the heights. In 1676 Hegi made the same proposal to the Prince-Archbishop of Salzburg, Max Gandolph von Küenburg and set out to see whether the Mönchsberg could indeed be cut at its narrowest point. In this proposal he mentioned for the first time the utility of the project for allowing the expansion of

2542-575: The Riedenburg portal made it clear that there was an urgent need for action, and scaffolding and safety nets were attached to the portals in autumn of that year. Restoration work followed, involving cleaning of the portals and removal of harmful salts, roots, moss and algae from the stone structures. Where necessary, corroded iron fixing were replaced by stainless steel equivalents, over-hard mortar from previous renovations replaced, and defects closed using natural stone and supplementary mortar that matched

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2624-513: The SDAPÖ had been outlawed and many party members imprisoned under Austrofascism , many SDAPÖ members initially welcomed the Anschluss of Austria into Germany back then and some became members of the Nazi Party . Alfred Gusenbauer issued a declaration promising and supporting a full and open investigation ("Klarheit in der Vergangenheit – Basis für die Zukunft"). In 2005, the report about

2706-471: The SJÖ remains democratic socialist rather than social-democratic like the SPÖ – and organizationally. This autonomy has often led to tensions between the SJÖ and the SPÖ, including instances where the party reduced the SJÖ's funding . To address these issues, the SPÖ established a youth organization called the Young Generation (JG) on 22 January 1958. The creation of the JG was not only

2788-574: The SPÖ out of their leading position. In state elections in 1999, the SPÖ received 32.9%. However, this went up to 38.4% in 2004. Until 2005, the SPÖ was in a coalition with the right-wing FPÖ in Carinthia, where Haider was Governor. This constellation is in question after the chairperson of the Carinthian SPÖ Gabi Schauning decided to resign from her post as Vice-Governor of Carinthia after a fall-out with Haider. Carinthia has

2870-403: The SPÖ received 25.5% of the vote. In 2004, the SPÖ won a surprising victory in Salzburg . It was able to increase its share of votes from 32.2% (1999) to 45.3%. For the first time, the conservative ÖVP lost its traditional dominant position. Gabi Burgstaller became the first SPÖ governess ( Landeshauptfrau ) in the state's history. In March 2009, the party lost 2 seats (from 17 to 15) with

2952-517: The SPÖ under Bruno Kreisky was the sole governing party. For the following three years, it ruled in coalition with the Freedom Party of Austria (FPÖ), then up to 2000 it was again part of a grand coalition with the ÖVP, with Franz Vranitzky as Chancellor until 1997. In 1991, it reverted to including Democratic in its name, becoming the Social Democratic Party of Austria (German: Sozialdemokratische Partei Österreichs ). During this period,

3034-624: The SPÖ was able to regain it in the latest election in January 2020. From 2015 to 2020, the SPÖ in Burgenland was in an unusual coalition with the FPÖ. The Governor ( Landeshauptmann ) of the Burgenland is Hans Peter Doskozil . The SPÖ used to be strong in Carinthia as it regularly won the most seats in state elections and the governors used to be Social Democrats until 1989. Since the rise of Jörg Haider and his FPÖ , he successfully pushed

3116-461: The SPÖ, and the right bar shows the corresponding make-up of the Austrian government at that time. The red (SPÖ) and black (ÖVP) colours correspond to which party led the federal government ( Bundesregierung , abbreviated as Govern. ). The last names of the respective chancellors are shown, with the Roman numeral standing for the cabinets . After the founding of the SDAPÖ in 1889, a youth organization

3198-550: The Social Democrats were in continuous control of the Vienna municipality, which acquired the nickname " Red Vienna ". The municipality developed an ambitious policy, including a vast program of construction of workers' housing, which included 60,000 communal social housing units. In addition, free medical care was introduced, and income and luxury taxes were introduced. Culture was clearly emphasized: "Arbeiterbildung" (working-class education and culture) reigned supreme, and

3280-776: The Sterneckstraße. A non-revenue section  [ de ] of overhead line from the Versorgungshausstraße (line 2) via the Fürbergstraße to the Fadingerstraße was built in the spring of 2006. Especially during events in the city centre, and during the UCI Road World Championships 2006 , it has been used intensively. Since then, the trolleybuses of lines 2 and 4 have operated on and off over this route. This section

3362-698: The Steyr vehicles, no. 109, was preserved as a heritage vehicles, and for a period starting in September 2005 it ran in regular service again, but as a special vehicle making only a single trip per day in the morning peak period . In 2005, the fleet totalled 92 vehicles. The last high-floor vehicles in the active fleet, apart from heritage vehicles used only for special services, were retired in July 2016. These were Gräf & Stift articulated trolleybuses built between 1988 and 1994, nos. 200–228. One, fleet no. 220,

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3444-769: The Strubergasse in future, and thereby provide a better connection with the Struber barracks. Additionally, by means of a branch in the Karolingerstrasse, line 8 will serve the many businesses and residents in that district. The city of Salzburg plans to invest around €2.2 million in these two projects up to 2015. For quite some time, an extension to Eugendorf , or a cross-border line to Freilassing in Germany, have also been discussed. In December 2016, diesel bus line 20 will be converted to trolleybus line 9 with

3526-574: The care of Pro Obus Salzburg eV , are the 1985-built Gräf & Stift articulated trolleybus no. 178, and the 1988-built Steyr conventional (two-axle) trolleybus no. 109. [REDACTED] Media related to Trolleybuses in Salzburg at Wikimedia Commons 47°48′N 13°02′E  /  47.800°N 13.033°E  / 47.800; 13.033 Sozialdemokratische Partei %C3%96sterreichs The Social Democratic Party of Austria ( German : Sozialdemokratische Partei Österreichs [soˈtsi̯aːldemoˌkraːtɪʃɛ parˌtaɪ ˈøːstɐraɪçs] , SPÖ )

3608-661: The city boundary to Mayrwies, replacing bus line 4A. In autumn 2008, the Salzburg Municipal Council decided to electrify the branch of bus line 20 to Sam / Lankessiedlung. The route follows that of line 20 from Lankessiedlung, via the Salzburg-Gnigl S-Bahn station, Fuggerstraße, Volksgarten, Hanuschplatz to the Landeskrankenhaus; the line leads back to Hanuschplatz and to Sam, via Edward-Baumgartner-Straße and Karajanplatz. This work

3690-404: The city was home to many internationally renowned intellectuals and artists. Numerous cinemas and theaters subsidized by the municipality opened their doors, and sports became more democratic. This socialist experiment, supported by some renowned intellectuals such as Otto Neurath and Sigmund Freud , also inspired a violent disgust in conservative circles. The press readily described red Vienna as

3772-426: The city. The valley lowlands of Riedenburg could be made accessible by means of the cut and could allow room for settlers from the old town; the new district would also be militarily easy to secure. From 1676 until Max Galdolph's death in 1687 excavations proceeded and a 35m wide cut was made in the mountain from its eastern side before work was abandoned as uneconomical. Traces of this work can still be seen today near

3854-493: The commissioner of buildings Elias Edler von Geyer , whilst the architect Wolfgang Hagenauer  [ de ] was responsible for the design of the portals at each end of the tunnel, and his brother Johann Baptist Hagenauer  [ de ] for the sculptures on the portals. Digging started on both sides of the mountain in 1764 and 18 months later the tunnel was broken through. The tunnel portals took significantly longer, and were finally completed in 1768. According to

3936-493: The company, but in the course of the 2000 merger these were transferred to Albus Salzburg . Since 2000, therefore, the trolleybus and diesel bus services have been fully separated, both organisationally and operationally. It follows that Salzburg AG is one of the few transport companies worldwide that operates trolleybus lines, but no diesel bus lines. In 2004, trolleybus line 1 was extended about 500 m (1,600 ft) from Messezentrum to Salzburgarena . Unusually, however,

4018-405: The concert hall and in the lookout terrace cut into the rock above the Sigmundstor. In 1759, during the rule of Prince-Archbishop Sigismund von Schrattenbach , the plan to make a cutting through the Mönchsberg was reconsidered. After concerns about its feasibility, it was decided instead to build a tunnel using the existing cutting as its eastern terminus. Tunnel construction was under direction of

4100-460: The dark-red-and-white livery used on the trains of the Salzburger Lokalbahn , they were placed in service in March 2009. Of the next generation of trolleybuses, 15 Solaris Trollino 18s , the first three were delivered on 14 September 2009. Eight more followed in 2010, and the remaining four in 2011. The Solaris vehicles were painted dark red and have an auxiliary drive, to allow movement away from

4182-525: The different currents of socialism. However, the attempt did not succeed. The more left-wing Social Democrats, such as Max Adler , relied on the Workers' councils that had developed throughout Central Europe in 1918–1919, particularly in Vienna. The SDAPÖ was the most established of the European social democratic parties. In the 1920s, about 15 percent of Austrians were members of an association linked to

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4264-518: The first such devices to be fitted to vehicles in the Salzburg fleet. On 24 November 2008, two more Van Hool articulated vehicles arrived in Salzburg as secondhand acquisitions from the Montreux–Vevey trolleybus system , in Switzerland. These had been Montreux–Vevey fleet nos. 2 and 15, built in 1993/94, and were renumbered 259–260 in Salzburg. Following renovation work, including repainting into

4346-634: The following years, the Salzburg trolleybus system recorded rapid growth, but the tramway network was destroyed. Until the merger in 2000 of the Salzburger Stadtwerke with the SAFE ( Salzburger AG für Energiewirtschaft ) to create the Salzburg AG , the Salzburg trolleybus system, and the local railway line to Lamprechtshausen , were operated by the Salzburger Stadtwerke - Verkehrsbetriebe . Some diesel bus lines also originally belonged to

4428-464: The grand coalition combined with the Proporz system, whereby important posts throughout the government were shared out between members of the two main parties, evoked rising discontent. This was a factor in the growing popularity of the FPÖ which came second to the SPÖ in the 1999 Austrian legislative election . The following year, the FPÖ and ÖVP formed a right-wing coalition, displacing the SPÖ from

4510-506: The independence of Austria from Nazi Germany was a problem since it stated that the war was neither started nor wanted by any Austrian ("Und das ist nicht richtig"), that Austrian Jewish victims were not mentioned in the declaration ("kein Wort für die jüdischen Opfer"), that it took decades for them to receive any kind of compensation and justice from the government and that it was regrettable and inexcusable. His statements were direct criticism of

4592-418: The inscription, added together, come to 1767. The plinth of the statue carries the inscription Joan(nnae) Hagenauer inv(enit) exc(ussit) et eff(ecit) ('Johann (Baptist) Hagenauer discovered, hewed it out and completed (this statue)'). The original plan included the construction of a military outer structure on the Riedenburg side, disguised as a park of 'ruins', then fashionable. However nothing more than

4674-470: The lost state elections in Lower Austria and Carinthia at the beginning of 2023, there was a power struggle between the moderate social democratic party wing around party leader Pamela Rendi-Wagner and the right-wing, FPÖ -friendly party wing around Burgenland governor Hans Peter Doskozil . The Social Democratic wing has support from socialists and communists . The right wing has support from

4756-552: The middle wing of the party. Disputes and disagreements have existed for years. In March 2023, the situation came to a head after the SPÖ Burgenland stopped paying money to the federal party. On 15 March 2023, a heated party executive meeting led to the call for a new party leadership election. The candidacy for the new leadership was heated and a surprise candidacy from Andreas Babler , mayor of Traiskirchen , which has led to some other candidates to withdraw their candidacy for

4838-564: The new terminal was served only during events. At other times, power to the overhead lines in this area is switched off; the status of the overhead lines is displayed to the trolleybus drivers by means of a signal light . On 1 October 2005, line 1 was extended from Europark to Kavaliershaus, via the EM-Stadion . On 11 December 2005, the extension of line 2 came into operation from the Hauptbahnhof to Obergnigl via Mirabellplatz and

4920-433: The operator of the trolleybus system, and its livery of red-and-white (previously applied only to the two ex-Montreux–Vevey vehicles) was given to the Solaris Trollino vehicles, along with branding "Obus SLB" on the front ends— Obus being the German word for trolleybus. Additional Solaris Trollino 18 vehicles were ordered subsequently, and beginning with number 321, they received Solaris's then-new "MetroStyle" body, with

5002-421: The original materials. Before city council and mayoral elections in 2019, the SPÖ , NEOS and Grüne parties proposed to ban private cars from the Sigmundstor. However after losing the first round of voting the SPÖ distanced itself from this proposal, and the tunnel remains open to all traffic. At the tunnel entrance on the old town side an inscription was carved over a bas-relief of the Prince-Archbishop with

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5084-427: The overhead wires. In February 2010, one Solaris vehicle, fleet no. 301, was loaned to the Eberswalde trolleybus system in Germany for presentation purposes. (Four more trolleybuses of the same type were acquired secondhand from Solaris in 2013, after the La Chaux-de-Fonds system closed and returned the vehicles to the manufacturer; the last of these were retired in 2024.) In 2012, Salzburger Lokalbahn (SLB) became

5166-438: The party's direction. However, the SJÖ is not the only youth organization that has produced notable leaders; the JG has also been a breeding ground for politicians who have gone on to make their mark on the SPÖ. The SJÖ also has factions within its organization, such as the Trotskyist "Der Funke" (IMT) faction, which was active in the now-dissolved SJ9 ( Alsergrund district) and continues to be present in SJ Vorarlberg . As

5248-411: The party. In 1929, it had 720,000 members. The SDAPÖ was almost hegemonic among the working class, but could not compete with the conservatives in the countryside and small towns. The economic crisis of the 1930s, which caused factory closures and increased unemployment, weakened the labor movement and with it the SDAPÖ. In 1930, its membership was down to 650,000 militants. From 1919 to February 1934,

5330-411: The right-wing government of the coalition ÖVP–FPÖ which rejected compensation to victims and the admission of the co-guilt Austrians carried for crimes committed by them during the Second World War . The chart below shows a timeline of the social-democratic chairpersons and the Chancellors of Austria since 1945. The left bar shows all the chairpersons ( Bundesparteivorsitzende , abbreviated as CP ) of

5412-605: The since-closed trolleybus system in Kapfenberg , Austria, and also in Germany ( Eberswalde ), Lithuania ( Vilnius ), Romania ( Mediaş and Timișoara ) and Russia (Perm and Rybinsk). Until 1975, trolleybuses also operated with trailers. Salzburg was the last trolleybus network in Austria in which this form of operation was to be found. There were four different models of trailer available. They were made by Gräf & Stift (type OA I), Kässbohrer (without model designation), Lohner (type OM 5/1) and Schumann (without model designation). The first low-floor trolleybuses to be added to

5494-413: The so-called "brown spots" ( German : braune Flecken ) was completed and published. The report talks about SDAPÖ members and leaders who became members of the Nazi Party during German rule after the Anschluss . One example given in the report is the case of Heinrich Gross , who received many honours from the party and even the government in the post-war period. This was despite the fact that he worked as

5576-417: The system were the 23 MAN articulated vehicles constructed between 1994 and 1997. One of them, fleet no. 240, was a used vehicle acquired from Kapfenberg. The remainder of the fleet continued to be high-floor vehicles until 2000. The last two-axle trolleybuses still used in regular service were retired around the end of 2003. These were the last of eight Steyr -built vehicles that were built in 1988. One of

5658-475: The total number of Hess trolleybuses in the fleet to 42 by 2023, the last deliveries being of nos. 439–442 in October 2023. The oldest operable trolleybus in Salzburg is a 1957 model ÜHIIIs . Although this type of trolleybus operated in Salzburg (from 1956 to 1976), this is not an original Salzburg vehicle. With the fictitious number 123, it comes from the Solingen trolleybus system (former number 40) and has been loaned by an English collector. Since July 2007,

5740-476: The total size of the active fleet was 120, not counting preserved vehicles. An order was placed in November 2021 with Hess , of Switzerland, for 15 BGT-N1D trolleybuses, later reported to be the "lighTram 19DC" model rather than BGT-N1D. The first unit (no. 402) was delivered in August 2019 and entered service in September, and the last had been received by February 2020, by which time seven more had been ordered. Additional orders placed subsequently increased

5822-415: The words Te saxa loquuntur ('The stones will speak of you'). Originally the structure of the baroque horsepond with its frescoes extended in front of the current eastern gate, giving the square a symmetrical form. A decorative gate within that structure led under cover to the present gate at the head of the tunnel. This structure was demolished around 1860. The western entrance on the Riedenburg side has

5904-460: The ÖVP. Since then, the ÖVP has providing the governor (Landeshauptmann) with Hermann Schützenhöfer again. In Tyrol , the SPÖ receive few votes since the state is a traditional conservative stronghold. In 2018, the Tyrolean SPÖ received 17.3% of all votes. The winner of the election was the ÖVP under long-term governor Günther Platter, which received 44,3% of the total vote. In 2003, the SPÖ

5986-707: The ÜHIIIs has been operating special trips in Salzburg, for which it wears a Salzburg livery. The vehicle can also be hired privately. From late July to late August each year, to coincide with the Salzburg Festival , the ÜHIIIs ran on a regular basis every Friday, on a special heritage line of the Association Pro Obus Salzburg eV . This service has continued in most subsequent summers, including in 2018 and 2019, on one Friday in each of June and July (also one day in May in 2018) and all Fridays in August. Two other serviceable heritage vehicles, also in

6068-472: Was able to raise its voters share in Upper Austria by 11.3% from 27% (1997) to 38.3%. It was in a grand coalition with the ÖVP in the state government as the junior partner, with four out of nine of the state government ministers coming from the SPÖ. Vienna was always traditionally the stronghold of the SPÖ. The current Governor-Mayor of Vienna is Michael Ludwig . In the 2020 Viennese state election

6150-532: Was bought secondhand from the Kapfenberg trolleybus system. More new low-floor trolleybuses were purchased from Van Hool in 2000, from Solaris in 2009, and Hess in the 2010s. See "Current fleet" section, below. The oldest vehicles in the current fleet are the Van Hool AG300T trolleybuses, built in 2000–2003. Of the 32 Van Hool vehicles, 13 were equipped with a diesel-powered auxiliary drive,

6232-433: Was completed in mid-2009, and bus line 20 became trolleybus line 10. On 9 July 2009, lines 3 and 5 were extended by 500 m (1,600 ft) to the new Itzling Pflanzmann terminus. These were the first privately financed trolleybus sections in Salzburg. The eleven lines of the present Salzburg trolleybus system are as follows: In October 2010, plans for new extensions were presented. It is proposed to run line 10 through

6314-554: Was established on 4 November 1894, with the purpose of protecting apprentices and addressing the concerns of young people within the party. Despite initial resistance from some SDAPÖ members, an independent socialist youth movement emerged. Today, this organization is known as the Socialist Youth Austria (SJÖ). The SJÖ notably chose not to change its name to "social-democratic" when the SPÖ rebranded itself in 1991, highlighting its independence both programmatically – as

6396-433: Was renamed MAN Sonderfahrzeuge AG. With the gradual retirement of Gräf & Stift vehicles after the start of the 21st century, the proportion of the fleet represented by MAN/Gräf & Stift vehicles became smaller and smaller, until retirement of the last such vehicles in 2016. Some of the retired Salzburg vehicles were sold to other trolleybus operators. By that means, former Salzburg trolleybuses later entered service on

6478-456: Was suppressed throughout Austrofascism and the Nazi period . The party was refounded as the Socialist Party of Austria in 1945 and governed as a junior partner of the ÖVP until 1966. In 1970, the SPÖ became the largest party for the first time in post-war history, and Bruno Kreisky became Chancellor , winning three consecutive majorities ( 1971 , 1975 , and 1979 ). From 1987 to 2000 the SPÖ led

6560-667: Was the basis for the later electrification of the former Albus line 20. Also, until September 2006 the Gaswerkgasse / Ignaz-Harrer-Strasse intersection, and the Hauptbahnhof area around the Forum-Kaufhaus/Fanny-von-Lehnert-Straße, were provided with additional turning and reversing capabilities. Likewise, since the spring of 2007 a non-revenue section has been in operation from the Landeskrankenhaus (line 7) to Willibald-Hauthaler-Straße (Line 4), and an additional turning space has been provided at

6642-522: Was traditionally ruled by the ÖVP. In 2000, the Styrian SPÖ ended up with 32.3%. In 2005, the voters shifted towards the left, something that also benefited the KPÖ , the local communist party. The SPÖ won 9.4% more and ended up with 40.7%, defeating the ÖVP which got 38.7% of the votes. Styrian SPÖ Chairman Franz Voves became the state Governor. After the State elections 2015 the SPÖ lost the governorship to

6724-505: Was very typical in the post-war period. He enjoyed wide support from the SPÖ and party leaders for a very long time. Reflecting the change in attitude towards the past, President Heinz Fischer in a 10 April 2006 interview with the liberal newspaper Der Standard strongly criticised Austria's view on its historical role during Nazi rule. He called the traditional view that Austria was the first victim of Nazi aggression as false. The Moscow Declaration of 1943 by émigrés which called for

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