Bernardo Vicente de Gálvez y Madrid, 1st Count of Gálvez (23 July 1746 – 30 November 1786) was a Spanish military leader and government official who served as colonial governor of Spanish Louisiana and Cuba , and later as Viceroy of New Spain .
59-635: New Madrid may refer to: New Madrid County, Missouri , a county in the U.S. state of Missouri New Madrid, Missouri , a city in New Madrid County New Madrid Seismic Zone , a major seismic zone in Missouri, Tennessee, and Arkansas New Madrid earthquake , a series of four earthquakes that occurred in late 1811 and early 1812 "New Madrid" (song) , by Uncle Tupelo from their 1993 album Anodyne New Madrid ,
118-621: A Republican stronghold, having, as of 2020, voted Republican five elections in a row, with the Republican vote share increasing in every election. In 2020, Trump exceeded three-quarters of the vote in the county. Voters in New Madrid County generally adhere to socially and culturally conservative principles but are more moderate or populist on economic issues, typical of the Dixiecrat philosophy. In 2004, Missourians voted on
177-452: A constitutional amendment to define marriage as the union between a man and a woman . New Madrid County passed it with 83.82 percent of the vote. The initiative passed the state with 71 percent support as Missouri became the first state to ban same-sex marriage . In 2006, Missourians voted on a constitutional amendment to fund and legalize embryonic stem cell research in the state —it failed in New Madrid County with 56.09 percent voting against
236-657: A district located in the region, the area was under Spanish rule following France's cession of Louisiana after being defeated in the Seven Years' War . The Spanish named the district after Madrid , the capital of Spain . The county includes a large part of the New Madrid Fault that produced the 1811–12 New Madrid earthquakes . This zone remains geologically active, and had continued to produce smaller earthquakes with some frequency. French Canadians from New France landed in this area in 1781 and established
295-530: A household in the county was $ 32,758, and the median income for a family was $ 39,411. Males had a median income of $ 28,408 versus $ 19,186 for females. The per capita income for the county was $ 17,227. About 18.60% of families and 22.10% of the population were below the poverty line, including 31.40% of those under age 18 and 19.20% of those age 65 or over. According to the Association of Religion Data Archives County Membership Report (2000), New Madrid County
354-536: A literary journal published by Murray State University Birds Point-New Madrid Floodway Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title New Madrid . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=New_Madrid&oldid=1040205153 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description
413-551: A masterful military campaign and defeated the British colonial forces at Fort Bute , Baton Rouge , and Natchez in 1779. The Battle of Baton Rouge, on 21 September 1779, freed the lower Mississippi Valley of British forces and relieved the threat to the capital of Louisiana , New Orleans . In March 1780, Gálvez recaptured Mobile from the British at the Battle of Fort Charlotte . Gálvez's most important military victory over
472-576: A new campaign to take Jamaica. From the American perspective, Gálvez's campaign denied the British the opportunity of encircling the American rebels from the south and kept open a vital conduit for supplies. He also assisted the American revolutionaries with supplies and soldiers, much of it through Oliver Pollock , from whom he received military intelligence concerning the British in West Florida. For France and Spain, Gálvez's military success in
531-495: A proposition (Proposition B) to increase the minimum wage in the state to $ 6.50 an hour—it passed New Madrid County with 75.66 percent of the vote. The proposition was strongly in every county in Missouri, with 78.99 percent voting in favor. During the same election, voters in five other states also strongly approved increases in the minimum wage. In the 2008 presidential primary, voters in New Madrid County from both political parties supported candidates who finished in second place in
590-619: A resolution to display a portrait painting of de Gálvez which was obtained by Oliver Pollock "...in the room in which Congress meet." Gálvez received many honors from Spain for his military victories against the British, including promotion to lieutenant general and field marshal, governor and captain general of Louisiana and Florida (now separated from Cuba), and the command of the Spanish expeditionary army in America, and titles of Viscount of Gálvez-Town and Count of Gálvez . As evidenced by
649-618: A single parish) were said to have been named for his wife Marie Felicite de Saint-Maxent d'Estrehan. The Cabildo , a branch of the Louisiana State Museum located on Jackson Square in New Orleans , has a portrait of General Gálvez accompanied by a display of biographical information. Spanish Plaza , in the Central Business District of the city, has an equestrian statue of Gálvez adjacent to
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#1732765527249708-529: A sol , a show from Spanish public channel Telemadrid exploring locations named "Madrid". According to the U.S. Census Bureau , the county has a total area of 697 square miles (1,810 km ), of which 675 square miles (1,750 km ) is land and 22 square miles (57 km ) (3.1%) is water. The county is located on the Kentucky Bend of the Mississippi River, which forms a border of
767-491: Is Portageville and county seat is New Madrid , located on the northern side of the Kentucky Bend in the Mississippi River , where it has formed an oxbow around an exclave of Fulton County, Kentucky . This feature has also been known as New Madrid Bend or Madrid Bend, for the city. The county was officially organized on October 1, 1812, encompassing most of present-day Arkansas . Named after Nuevo Madrid,
826-603: Is a part of the Bible Belt as evangelical Protestantism is the majority religion. The most predominant denominations among residents in New Madrid County who adhere to a religion are Southern Baptists (62.86%), Roman Catholics (8.80%), and Methodists (7.36%). Of adults 25 years of age and older in New Madrid County, 63.6% possess a high school diploma or higher while 9.6% hold a bachelor's degree or higher as their highest educational attainment. The Democratic Party formerly almost completely controlled politics at
885-575: Is celebrated as a local holiday in Pensacola , and several places bear his name, including Galveston, Texas and Galvez, Louisiana . In 2014, Gálvez became one of only eight people to have been awarded honorary U.S. citizenship . Bernardo de Gálvez was born in Macharaviaya , a mountain village in the province of Málaga , Spain , on 23 July 1746. He was the son of Matías de Gálvez and his wife María Josefa de Madrid, who died when Bernardo
944-480: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages New Madrid County, Missouri New Madrid County ( / ˈ m æ d r ɪ d / MAD -rid ; Spanish : Condado de Nueva Madrid ; French : Comté de New Madrid ) is a county located in the Bootheel of the U.S. state of Missouri . As of the 2020 census , the population was 16,434. The largest city
1003-462: Is included in Missouri's 8th Congressional District and is currently represented by Jason T. Smith (R- Salem ) in the U.S. House of Representatives . Smith won a special election on Tuesday, June 4, 2013, to finish out the remaining term of U.S. Representative Jo Ann Emerson (R- Cape Girardeau ). Emerson announced her resignation a month after being reelected with over 70 percent of the vote in
1062-534: The Bahamas without a shot being fired. However, Gálvez's was angry that the operation had proceeded against his orders and ordered the arrest and imprisonment of Francisco de Miranda , aide-de-camp of Juan Manuel Cajigal , the commander of the expedition. Miranda later explained Gálvez's actions as stemming from jealousy of Cajigal's success. On May 9, 1783, the Congressional Congress issued
1121-679: The First General Assembly of the Missouri Territory . In the floodplain of the Mississippi , this area was long cultivated by planters using enslaved African Americans for cotton production. A series of more than 1,000 earthquakes struck the area in 1811 and 1812. The New Madrid earthquakes were the strongest non- subduction zone earthquake in the United States . A request dated January 13, 1814, by
1180-660: The Missouri Bootheel (one of the regions of Missouri most closely associated with the American South ), was powerfully Democratic from shortly after the Civil War through 2000; from 1868 through 2000, it voted Republican only in Harding's, Hoover's, Nixon's, and Reagan's national landslides in 1920, 1928, 1972, and 1984, respectively. However, after the county switched from Gore to Bush in 2004, it has become
1239-585: The Territorial Governor William Clark , asked for federal relief for the "inhabitants of New Madrid County." The county had its peak of population in 1940, according to US census records, as shown in the table. Many residents left the rural county from 1950 to 1970, seeking better work opportunities in the North and Midwest. County population has continued to decline. In 2017 the county was featured in an episode of Madrid de sol
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#17327655272491298-544: The American war effort led to the inclusion of provisions in the Peace of Paris (1783) that officially returned Florida, now divided into two provinces, East and West Florida , to Spain. The treaty recognized the political independence of the former British colonies to the north, and its signing ended their war with the British . In 1783, Bernardo de Gálvez was ennobled to the rank of count, promoted to lieutenant-general of
1357-526: The Americans desperately needed supplies. The British had blockaded the colonial ports of the Thirteen Colonies , and consequently the route from New Orleans up the Mississippi River was an effective alternative. Gálvez worked with Oliver Pollock , an American patriot, to ship gunpowder, muskets, uniforms, medicine, and other supplies to the American colonial rebels. On October 31, 1778,
1416-467: The British forces occurred 8 May 1781, when he attacked and took by land and by sea Pensacola , the British (and formerly, Spanish) capital of West Florida from General John Campbell of Strachur . The loss of Mobile and Pensacola left the British with no bases along the Gulf coast . In 1782, forces under Gálvez's overall command captured the British naval base at Nassau on New Providence Island in
1475-585: The British naval presence in the Gulf. This campaign led to the formal return of all of Florida to Spain in the Treaty of Paris , which he played a role in drafting. Gálvez's actions aided the American war effort and made him a hero to both Spain and the newly independent United States. The U.S. Congress endeavored to hang his portrait in the Capitol , finally doing so in 2014. He was granted many titles and honors by
1534-828: The Capitol Park section of downtown Baton Rouge. In 1911, the Hotel Galvez was built in Galveston Avenue P, where the hotel is located, is known as Bernardo de Galvez Avenue. The hotel was added to the National Register of Historic Places on 4 April 1979. On December 16, 2014, the United States Congress conferred honorary citizenship on Gálvez, citing him as a "hero of the Revolutionary War who risked his life for
1593-580: The Continental Congress issued a resolution thanking de Gálvez for his "spirited and disinterested conduct towards these states". Although Spain had not yet joined the American cause, when an American raiding expedition led by James Willing showed up in New Orleans with booty and several captured British ships taken as prizes, Gálvez refused to turn the Americans over to the British. In 1779, Spanish forces commanded by Gálvez seized
1652-749: The Creole daughter of the French-born Gilbert Antoine de Saint-Maxent and the Creole Elizabeth La Roche, and young widow of Jean Baptiste Honoré d'Estrehan, the son of a high ranking French colonial official . This marriage to the daughter of a Frenchman won Gálvez the favor of the local Creole population. They had three children, Miguel, Matilde, and Guadalupe. As governor, Gálvez enacted an anti-British policy, taking measures against British smuggling and promoting trade with France. He damaged British interests in
1711-760: The Interior Provinces of New Spain, 1786), the latter of which remained in effect until the colonial period ended. In his "Instructions", Gálvez advocated a policy of selling the Indians rifles and trade goods to make them dependent on the Spanish government, and sanctioned war against the Apache if these inducements failed to pacify them. Galveston, Texas , Galveston Bay , Galveston County , Galvez, Louisiana , and St. Bernard Parish, Louisiana , were, among other places, named after him. The Louisiana parishes of East Feliciana and West Feliciana (originally
1770-506: The New Orleans World Trade Center. There is also a Galvez Street in New Orleans. Mobile, Alabama , also has a Spanish Plaza with a statue of Gálvez. In Baton Rouge, Louisiana (present-day state capital), Galvez Plaza is laid out next to City Hall and used frequently as a site for municipal events. Also, the 13-story Galvez Building is part of the state government's administrative office-building complex in
1829-488: The Spanish government, which in 1783 appointed him viceroy of one of its most valuable territories, New Spain, succeeding his father Matías de Gálvez y Gallardo . He served until his death from typhus . While somewhat forgotten in the United States, Gálvez remains in high esteem among many Americans, particularly in the southern and western states that once formed part of Spain's North American territory. Gálvez Day
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1888-577: The Superintendent could provide, and drawing on His Majesty's Treasury through the Lords Commissioners to pay expenses. As an unfortunate twist of fate for Campbell, upon which his whole career was decided, the secret communication fell into the hands of Gálvez. After reading the communication from King George III and Germain, Gálvez, as Governor of Louisiana, swiftly and secretly mobilized the territory for war. Gálvez carried out
1947-594: The United States would be strategically useful, but Spain did not enter into a formal alliance with the U.S. In 1777, José de Gálvez, newly appointed as minister of the Council of the Indies , sent his nephew, Bernardo de Gálvez, to New Orleans as governor of Luisiana with instructions to secure the friendship of the United States. On 20 February 1777, the Spanish king's ministers in Madrid secretly instructed Gálvez to sell
2006-608: The age of 16, Gálvez was a veteran of several wars across Europe, the Americas, and North Africa. While governor of Louisiana, he supported the colonists and their French allies in the American Revolutionary War , helping facilitate vital supply lines and frustrate British operations in the Gulf Coast. Gálvez achieved several victories on the battlefield, most notably conquering West Florida and eliminating
2065-613: The army, and appointed governor and captain-general of Cuba. He was given the titles Count of Gálvez ("conde de Gálvez") and Viscount of Gálvez-Town ("vizconde de Gálvez-Town") by Carlos III on May 20, 1783. He returned to the Indies in October of the following year to assume his new office. Shortly after he arrived in Havana, his father, Matías de Gálvez y Gallardo (then the viceroy of New Spain), died in November, and Bernardo de Gálvez
2124-422: The county. The population density was 29 people per square mile (11 people/km ). There were 8,600 housing units at an average density of 13 units per square mile (5.0/km ). The racial makeup of the county was 83.21% White , 15.36% Black or African American , 0.19% Native American , 0.14% Asian , 0.01% Pacific Islander , 0.32% from other races , and 0.78% from two or more races. Approximately 0.93% of
2183-411: The county. This feature is also known as New Madrid Bend or Madrid Bend. This oxbow flows around an exclave of Fulton County, Kentucky . Scientists expect that eventually the river will cut a new channel across the narrow neck of the peninsula, which will gradually be attached by infill land to Missouri. As of the census of 2000, there were 19,760 people, 7,824 households, and 5,508 families residing in
2242-502: The district. She resigned to become CEO of the National Rural Electric Cooperative. New Madrid County, along with the rest of the state of Missouri, is represented in the U.S. Senate by Josh Hawley (R- Columbia ) and Roy Blunt (R- Strafford ). Blunt was elected to a second term in 2016 over then-Missouri Secretary of State Jason Kander . At the presidential level, New Madrid County, lying in
2301-574: The diverse species of plants, birds, and fish found in New Spain. On one occasion, when the viceroy was riding on horseback to meet with the Audiencia (according to his own report), he encountered a party of soldiers escorting three criminals to the gallows . He suspended the hanging, and later had the criminals freed. After the typhus epidemic of 1786 had abated in early autumn, Bernardo de Gálvez apparently became one of its last victims, and
2360-515: The first European settlement in the present county at New Madrid along the Mississippi River. France had ceded this area to Spain following its loss in the Seven Years' War. The Spanish governor, Bernardo de Gálvez , appointed American colonel William Morgan, a Revolutionary War veteran from New Jersey , as empresario to recruit new settlers for the area. Morgan attracted about 2,000 settlers before Spain returned this territory to France in
2419-795: The freedom of the United States people and provided supplies, intelligence, and strong military support to the war effort." In 2019, the Spanish Government placed a 32-inch-tall (80 cm) statue of Galvez in front of the Spanish Embassy in Washington, D.C. Also, on December 9, 2014, a replica of a 1784 portrait of Gálvez by Mariano Salvador Maella —the replica of which was painted by Spanish artist Carlos Monserrate—was unveiled December 9, 2014, in Senate Foreign Relations Committee room (S-116 of
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2478-509: The insignia that he wore in most every official portrait painting of him, de Gálvez was also awarded the Order of Charles III . However, his insignia was different from the Knight's Cross Order of Charles III; on his, the medallion was connected to the ribbon by a crown device, whereas the Knight's Cross was connected via a wreath. The American Revolutionary War ended while de Gálvez was preparing
2537-500: The late 18th century. They settled mostly in the area of what is now the city of New Madrid, Missouri . After failing to regain control of its colony of Saint-Domingue , where a slave rebellion had been raging, France gave up on North America, selling its large territory west of the Mississippi River in 1803 to the United States under the Louisiana Purchase . New Madrid County was organized on October 1, 1812, as an act of
2596-550: The local level in New Madrid County. Democrats and Republicans now almost evenly split all elected positions in the county. New Madrid County is wholly encompassed by the 149th Missouri House of Representatives district and is currently represented by Republican Don Rone of Portageville . In the Missouri Senate , all of New Madrid County is a part of Missouri's 25th District and is currently represented by Republican Jason Bean of Poplar Bluff . New Madrid County
2655-408: The measure. The initiative narrowly passed the state with 51 percent of support from voters as Missouri became one of the first states in the nation to approve embryonic stem cell research . Despite New Madrid County's longstanding tradition of supporting socially conservative platforms, voters in the county support such populist causes as increasing the minimum wage . In 2006, Missourians voted on
2714-479: The new governor of the formerly French province of Louisiana , the vast territory that would later become the object of the Louisiana Purchase . The colony had been ceded by France to Spain in 1762, ostensibly as compensation for the loss of Florida to Britain , after Spain was urged to enter the Seven Years' War on the French side. In November 1777, Gálvez married Marie Félicité de Saint-Maxent d'Estrehan,
2773-476: The populace. He also implemented policies to increase future agricultural production. In 1785, Gálvez initiated construction of Chapultepec Castle . He also ordered the construction of the towers of the cathedral and paving of the streets, as well as the installation of streetlights in Mexico City. He continued work on the highway to Acapulco , and took measures to reduce the abuse of Indian labor on
2832-526: The population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. Among the major first ancestries reported in New Madrid County were 32.4% American, 10.3% Irish , 8.8% English , and 8.7% German ancestry. There were 7,824 households, out of which 32.80% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 52.00% were married couples living together, 14.60% had a female householder with no husband present, and 29.60% were non-families. 26.50% of all households were made up of individuals, and 13.20% had someone living alone who
2891-596: The project. He dedicated 16% of the income from the lottery and other games of chance to charity. Gálvez helped advance science in the colony by sponsoring the Royal Botanical Expedition to New Spain , led by Martín Sessé y Lacasta . This expedition of botanists and naturalists resulted in a comprehensive catalog, a collaborative work published in Spain as the Flora Mexicana , which catalogued
2950-540: The province of West Florida , later known as the Florida Parishes , from the British. Spain's motive was the chance both to recover territories lost to the British, particularly Florida, and to remove the ongoing British threat. On 21 June 1779, Spain formally declared war on Great Britain. On 25 June, a letter from London, marked secret and confidential, went to General John Campbell at Pensacola from King George III and Lord George Germain . Campbell
3009-512: The region and kept it open for supplies to reach George Washington 's army during the American Revolutionary War. He founded Galvez Town in 1779, promoted the colonization of Nueva Iberia , and established free trade with Cuba and Yucatán . Galvez Street in New Orleans is named for him. In 1779, Gálvez was promoted to brigadier . In December 1776, King Charles III of Spain decided that covert assistance to
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#17327655272493068-502: The state at large and nationally. Former U.S. Senator Hillary Clinton (D- New York ) received more votes, a total of 1,801, than any candidate from either party in New Madrid County during the 2008 presidential primary. She also received more votes than the total number of votes cast in the entire Republican Primary in New Madrid County. 36°35′N 89°40′W / 36.59°N 89.66°W / 36.59; -89.66 Bernardo de G%C3%A1lvez A career soldier since
3127-472: Was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.48 and the average family size was 2.99. In the county, the population was spread out, with 26.40% under the age of 18, 8.50% from 18 to 24, 26.40% from 25 to 44, 23.20% from 45 to 64, and 15.50% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females there were 92.40 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 86.50 males. The median income for
3186-565: Was appointed to fill the position. He arrived in Vera Cruz , on 21 May 1785, and made his formal entry into Mexico City in June. During his administration two great calamities occurred: the freeze of September 1785, which led to famine in 1786, and a typhus epidemic that killed 300,000 people the same year. During the famine, Gálvez donated 12,000 pesos of his inheritance and 100,000 pesos he raised from other sources to buy maize and beans for
3245-635: Was confined to his bed. On 8 November 1786, he turned over all his governmental duties except the captain generalship to the Audiencia. On 30 November 1786, Galvez died at the age of 40 in Tacubaya (now part of Mexico City). Gálvez was buried next to his father at San Fernando Church in Mexico City. Bernardo de Gálvez left some writings, including Ordenanzas para el Teatro de Comedias de México and Instrución para el Buen Gobierno de las Provincias Internas de la Nueva España (Instructions for Governing
3304-451: Was instructed that it was the object of greatest importance to organize an attack upon New Orleans. If Campbell thought it was possible to reduce the Spanish fort at New Orleans, he was ordered to make preparations immediately. These included securing from Vice-Admiral Sir Peter Parker as many fighting ships as the fleet at Jamaica could spare, gathering all forces in the province that could be assembled, recruiting as many loyal Indians as
3363-699: Was only 2 years old. He studied military sciences at the Academia de Ávila and at the age of 16 participated in the Spanish invasion of Portugal , which stalled after the Spanish had captured Almeida . Following the conflict he was promoted to infantry lieutenant . He arrived in Mexico, which was then part of New Spain , in 1769. As a captain , he fought the Apaches , with his Opata Indian allies. He received many wounds, several of them serious. In 1770, he
3422-478: Was promoted to commandant of arms of Nueva Vizcaya and Sonora , northern provinces of Mexico. In 1772, Gálvez returned to Spain with his uncle, José de Gálvez . Later, he was sent to Pau , France, where he served with the Royal Cantabria regiment, an elite Franco-Spanish unit, for three years. There, he learned to speak French , which would serve him well when he became governor of Louisiana. Gálvez
3481-411: Was transferred to Seville in 1775, and then participated in Alejandro O'Reilly 's disastrous expedition to Algiers , where he was seriously wounded during the Spanish assault on the fortress that guarded the city. Afterward he was appointed a professor at the military academy of Ávila and promoted to lieutenant colonel ; he was made colonel in 1776. On 1 January 1777, Bernardo de Gálvez became
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