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32-697: The Museum of New Mexico is a collection of museums, historic sites, and archaeological services governed by the State of New Mexico. It currently consists of six divisions: the Palace of the Governors state history museum, the New Mexico Museum of Art , the Museum of Indian Arts and Culture , the Museum of International Folk Art , the archaeology division, and the state historic sites. Each division within

64-575: A shaded lamp in the shuttered governor's study, fearing a bullet from outside over the tensions surrounding the Lincoln County War . In 1909 anthropologist Dr. Edgar Lee Hewett invited the young archeologist Jesse L. Nusbaum to oversee the restoration of the Palace of the Governors that had fallen into disrepair. For this assignment, which was completed in the Fall of 1913, Jesse L. Nusbaum

96-657: A view he later applied again as Superintendent of Mesa Verde National Park . Between 1909, when the New Mexico territorial legislature established the Museum of New Mexico , and Summer 2009 the Palace of the Governors served as the site of the state history museum. In 2009 the New Mexico History Museum was opened adjacent to the Palace, which is now one of eight museums overseen by the New Mexico Department of Cultural Affairs . It

128-584: Is today northern Mexico and the Southwest United States. In 1539, Fray Marcos de Niza led an expedition north from Mexico City . He caught glimpse of a Zuni town in the distance, probably Hawikuh , and returned to Mexico City claiming it might have been one of the fabled Seven Cities of Gold . The disappearance of Estevanico in the region prompted future expeditions to be more heavily armed, and far more cautious. 1540-1542 with Marcos de Niza's tales in mind, Francisco Vázquez de Coronado began

160-578: The Compromise of 1850 Texas accepted $ 10 million in exchange for its claim to areas within and north of the present boundaries of New Mexico and the Texas panhandle. Presidents Zachary Taylor and Abraham Lincoln both proposed that New Mexico immediately become a state to sidestep political conflict over slavery in the territories. The already established rule of law which had passed from New Spain and Mexico within New Mexico already outlawed slavery, as

192-761: The Mexica people's accounts of their ancestral origin in Aztlán to the north before their migration to Mexico centuries prior. The Nahuatl-language history of the Mexica people, the Crónica Mexicayotl , dated to 1609, makes this identification explicit, describing how the Mexica left "their home there in Old Mexico Aztlan Quinehuayan Chicomoztoc , which today they call New Mexico ( yancuic mexico )." Nuevo México

224-546: The Santa Fe Historic District along the Santa Fe Plaza between Lincoln and Washington avenues, it served as the seat of government for New Mexico for centuries, having been established as the capitol building of Nuevo México in 1610. It was New Mexico's seat of government until 1901. In 1610, Pedro de Peralta , the newly appointed governor of Santa Fe de Nuevo México covering most of

256-483: The 1600s, mostly Pueblo people. The missionaries commanded new converts to take part in Catholic services and rituals. They also destroyed Pueblo religious objects, banned ceremonies, and persecuted holy men. Despite the spread of Catholicism across the province, Pueblo men and women worshiped in secret and their traditional faith endured. Some pueblos were friendly to the foreigners, but after cultural differences and

288-748: The Board of Regents. The Museum of New Mexico has been reorganized several times, most recently in 2004 when the Department of Cultural Affairs was created as a cabinet-level department. Palace of the Governors The Palace of the Governors ( Spanish : Palacio de los Gobernadores ) is an adobe structure built in the Territorial Style of Pueblo architecture on Palace Avenue in Santa Fe, New Mexico . Located within

320-529: The Governors in Santa Fe. Over the years, the Museum of New Mexico added several other properties to include the New Mexico Museum of Art , Laboratory of Anthropology , Museum of International Folk Art and the historic sites of Coronado , Fort Selden , Bosque Redondo Memorial at Fort Sumner , Jémez , Lincoln , El Camino Real Historic Trail Site , the future Taylor Reynolds Barela Mesilla historic site and

352-534: The Los Luceros. An unusual arrangement existed with the privately funded School of American Archaeology in which the school was allowed to occupy the Palace of the Governors free of rent and the director of the school would serve as the director of the museum. This arrangement lasted until Governor John Burroughs signed a bill on April 2, 1959, forcing the School of American Research to leave state property and

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384-527: The Museum of New Mexico adheres to policies decided by the Museum of New Mexico Board of Regents, a group of New Mexico residents appointed by the governor with consent of the Senate. The Museum of New Mexico was established on February 19, 1909, by the New Mexico Territorial legislature. This pre-statehood legislation mandated that the Museum of New Mexico be housed in the historic Palace of

416-794: The Spanish, who sought restoration of the conquered holdings. Diego de Vargas achieved the reoccupation of Santa Fe. The province came under the jurisdiction of the Real Audiencia de Guadalajara , with oversight by the Viceroy of New Spain at Mexico City. In 1777, with the creation of the Commandancy General of the Provincias Internas , the Nuevo México Province was removed from the oversight of

448-565: The United States as a result of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo (1848). Nuevo México is often incorrectly believed to have taken its name from the post-independent nation of Mexico. But as early as 1561 (260 years before Mexican independence ), Spanish colonial explorers used el Nuevo México to refer to Cíbola, cities of wealth reported to exist far to the north of the recently conquered Mexico . This name also evoked

480-459: The Viceroy and placed solely in the jurisdiction of the new commandant general. This caused much unrest, due to the sudden lack of representation in Santa Fe for the region of Nuevo México. The province remained in Spanish control until Mexico's declaration of independence in 1821. Under the 1824 Constitution of Mexico , it became the federally administered Territory of New Mexico. The part of

512-493: The banishment of local religions, tensions against the Spanish rose significantly. After compounding misdeeds and overbearing taxes by the Spanish invaders, the indigenous communities rebelled in what is now referred to as the Pueblo Revolt of 1680. This rebellion saw the Spanish expelled from Nuevo México for a period of 12 years, and the pueblo people were able to regain lost lands. In 1692, they returned to battle against

544-479: The centers of pueblos. The encounter between different worlds--Native and Spanish--took place all across New Mexico, but especially at the missions. They were small communities, centers of Spanish religious and economic life, and a permanent intrusion into Pueblo ways and beliefs. Here the clash of faiths, customs, and people was immediate, personal, and sometimes bitter and violent. At missions across New Mexico, Franciscan priests baptized thousands of Native Americans in

576-465: The crown. However, Lieutenant Governor Gaspar Castano de Sosa of Nuevo Leon launched an expedition on his own authority. He planned to start a colony in New Mexico and persuade the viceroy to accept it after the fact. Pursued through New Mexico, he was arrested and taken back to Mexico City. On July 12, 1598, Don Juan de Oñate Salazar established the New Spain colony of Santa Fe de Nuevo Méjico at

608-575: The final parts of his book Ben-Hur: A Tale of the Christ in this building while serving as territorial governor in the late 1870s. He remembered later in life that it was at night, during a severe thunderstorm in the spring of 1879, after returning from a tense meeting with Billy the Kid in Lincoln County, when he wrote the climactic Crucifixion scenes of the novel. Wallace worked by the light of

640-532: The first decade of the province's existence, its capital was in the foothills of the Sangre de Cristo Mountains at the ancient city of La Villa Real de la Santa Fe de San Francisco de Asís ( modern-day Santa Fe ). In 1536, the legendary explorers Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca and Estevanico , and two other men, survived an ill-fated expedition known as the Narváez expedition . For 8 years they wandered across what

672-657: The former province east of the Rio Grande was claimed by the Republic of Texas , which won its independence in 1836. This claim was disputed by Mexico. In 1841, the Texans sent the Texan Santa Fe Expedition , ostensibly for trade but with hopes of occupying the claimed area, but the expedition was captured by New Mexican troops under New Mexico governor Manuel Armijo . The United States inherited

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704-485: The modern American Southwest , began construction on the Palace of the Governors, though some recent historical research has suggested that construction began midway through his term in 1618. In the following years, the Palace changed hands as the territory of New Mexico did, seeing the Pueblo Revolt of 1680, the Spanish return from 1693 to 1694, Mexican independence in 1821, American territorial status in 1848, and US statehood in 1912. The Palace originally served as

736-705: The most ambitious expedition. Fears caused by rumors surrounding Estevanico's disappearance eventually led to tensions underlying the Tiguex War . In two years, the Coronado expedition journeyed from present-day Mexico throughout the Southwest United States and as far east as Kansas. In 1581-1582, Fray Augustin Rodriguez, two other friars, and a few soldiers and servants walked across much of present-day New Mexico seeking converts. In 1590-1591, an order had arrived from Spain requiring all expeditions to be authorized by

768-647: The new village of San Juan de los Caballeros adjacent to the Ohkay Owingeh Pueblo at the confluence of the Río Bravo (Rio Grande) and the Río Chama . The expedition had been authorized by Philip II to survey the region. Though the Spanish believed that cities of gold such as Tenochtitlan of the Aztecs , whom they had previously conquered, lay to the north in the unexplored territory, the major goal

800-573: The seat of government of the Spanish colony of Nuevo Mexico , which at one time comprised the present-day states of Texas , Arizona , Utah , Colorado , Nevada , and New Mexico . After the Mexican War of Independence , the Mexican province of Santa Fe de Nuevo México was administered from the Palace of the Governors. When New Mexico was annexed as a U.S. territory, the Palace became New Mexico's first territorial capitol. Lew Wallace wrote

832-545: The terms failed when the Viceroy changed hands in 1596. After a two-year delay and lengthy vetting by the new viceroy, Oñate was finally allowed to cross the Rio Grande River into modern-day Texas and New Mexico. Most of the Spanish missions in Nuevo México were established during the early 17th century with varying degrees of success and failure, oftentimes building directly atop ancient pueblo ruins, and in

864-714: The unenforced claim to the east bank with the Texas Annexation in 1845. The U.S. Army under Stephen Kearny occupied the territory in 1846 during the Mexican–American War , a provisional government was established, and Mexico recognized its loss to the United States in 1848 with the Mexican Cession in the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo . Texas continued to claim the eastern part, but never succeeded in establishing control except in El Paso . However, in

896-597: Was centered on the upper valley of the Rio Grande (Río Bravo del Norte) : from the crossing point of Oñate on the river south of Ciudad Juárez , it extended north to the Colorado River , encompassing an area that included most of the present-day American state of New Mexico and sections of Texas, Colorado, Kansas, and the Oklahoma panhandle. Actual Spanish settlements were centered at Santa Fe , and extended north to Taos pueblo and south to Albuquerque . Except for

928-466: Was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1960. The United States Postal Service issued a turquoise 1 + 1 ⁄ 4 -cent stamp on June 17, 1960, featuring an image of the Palace. According to Steven J. Rod, "This was in coincidence with the opening day of Santa Fe's 350th anniversary celebration. The Palace is shown on the stamp from a front angle, a design which was taken from a photograph by Tyler Dingee of Santa Fe. The Governor's Palace stamp

960-475: Was hired as the first employee of the Dr. Edgar Lee Hewett led School of American Archaeology , later the School of American Research, and Museum of New Mexico in Santa Fe, New Mexico. In his journal, Nusbaum stressed the importance of melding the Palace architecture with the environment, noting that "the Palace was begun with an adaptation to climate and atmosphere and had been fitted into the color of earth and sky.",

992-644: Was the eighth 'national shrine' honored by this series." Santa Fe de Nuevo M%C3%A9xico The name of "New Mexico", the capital in Santa Fe , the gubernatorial office at the Palace of the Governors , vecino citizen-soldiers , and rule of law were retained as the New Mexico Territory and later state of New Mexico became part of the United States . The New Mexican citizenry , primarily consisting of Hispano , Pueblo , Navajo , Apache , and Comanche peoples, became citizens of

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1024-494: Was to spread Catholicism . Other expeditions had taken place before Oñate's 1598 expedition. He was unable to find any riches, however. As governor, he mingled with the Pueblo people and was responsible for the establishment of Spanish rule in the area. Oñate served as the first governor of the Nuevo México Province from 1598 to 1610. He hoped to make it a separate viceroyalty from New Spain in an original agreement made in 1595, but

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