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44-506: New Buffalo Township is a civil township of Berrien County in the U.S. state of Michigan . As of the 2020 census , the township population was 2,455. It is the southwesternmost township on the Lower Peninsula of Michigan . The township is part of a region sometimes referred to as Harbor Country . At the time of the arrival of the first Europeans to the area, French explorer Father Jacques Marquette in 1675 reported seeing

88-465: A bit south of there at the present-day Michigan City , Indiana . While traveling north to St. Joseph to report the ship's loss to its underwriters, Whittacker was so struck by the beauty of the area and the natural harbor that he filed claim to a large tract of land around the mouth of the Galien River . Whittacker named it after his hometown of Buffalo , New York . After laying out plans for

132-475: A female householder with no husband present, and 34.3% were non-families. 29.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.23 and the average family size was 2.74. In the township the population was spread out, with 18.0% under the age of 18, 5.0% from 18 to 24, 22.9% from 25 to 44, 33.4% from 45 to 64, and 20.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age

176-435: A name in the form " Name Township". In both documents and conversation, "town" and "township" are used interchangeably. Minnesota townships can be either Non-Urban or Urban (giving the township government greater power), but this is not reflected in the township's name. In Ohio , a city or village is overlaid onto a township unless it withdraws by establishing a paper township . Where the paper township does not extend to

220-483: A state. For example, townships in the northern part of Illinois are active in providing public services—such as road maintenance, after-school care, and senior services—whereas townships in southern Illinois frequently delegate these services to the county. Most townships in Illinois also provide services such as snow removal, senior transportation, and emergency services to households residing in unincorporated parts of

264-463: Is adjacent to Michiana Shores , Indiana . As of the census of 2010, there were 182 people, 105 households, and 58 families living in the village. The population density was 491.9 inhabitants per square mile (189.9/km ). There were 373 housing units at an average density of 1,008.1 per square mile (389.2/km ). The racial makeup of the village was 98.4% White , 1.1% African American , and 0.5% Asian . Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.7% of

308-504: Is divided into townships as mandated since the North Carolina Constitution of 1868. Some urbanized counties such as Mecklenburg County ( Charlotte ) now number their townships (e.g. "Township 12") rather than using names. Townships all over the state used to have some official organization and duties but now are only considered ceremonial divisions of each county. Township names are still used quite extensively at

352-852: Is no government per se at the township level in North Carolina, and there are no elected or appointed offices associated with townships. In 2015 Utah created a form of civil township called a metro township . While each metro township has a mayor and township council, and manage a budget, and cannot be annexed without its permission, its powers of taxation are limited, and must contract with other municipalities or municipal shared-service districts for most municipal services (police, for example). The five metro townships—all located in Salt Lake County —are Kearns , Magna , Copperton , Emigration Canyon and White City . As of 2012, there were 16,360 organized town or township governments in

396-471: Is similar, in that it is a form of municipal government equal in status to a village , town , borough , or city , and provides similar services to a Pennsylvania township, and varies in size from one-tenth ( Shrewsbury Twp. ) to one hundred ( Jackson Twp. ) square miles. In the Southern U.S. , outside cities and towns there is generally no local government other than the county. Arkansas townships are

440-538: Is subdivided into counties, which are subdivided into cities and towns—except for New York City , whose five coextensive counties for state government purposes are municipal boroughs for city government purposes ( Bronx County/The Bronx , Kings County/Brooklyn , New York County/Manhattan , Queens County/Queens , and Richmond County/Staten Island ). As in New England, the term "town" equates to "township" in most other states. Additionally, New Yorkers colloquially use

484-403: Is within one or more townships in an Arkansas county based on census maps and publications. North Carolina is no exception to that rule, but it does have townships as minor geographical subdivisions of counties, including both unincorporated territory and also land within the bounds of incorporated cities and towns (as well as the extraterritorial jurisdiction of municipalities). Every county

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528-546: The 2020 census . Michiana is also the commonly used term to describe the southwest Michigan and northwest Indiana region, hence the name "Mich-iana". According to the United States Census Bureau , the village has a total area of 0.37 square miles (0.96 km ), all land. Michiana is known for their log homes built in the 1920s. It has been a popular vacation home area for Chicago residents, who are only 67 miles (108 km) away. Michiana

572-589: The Miami people in his travels down the nearby St. Joseph River . Four years later, the exploration party of René-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle , reported that the Miami were being displaced by the Potawatomi . When Berrien County was first established in 1831, New Buffalo was a part of Berrien Township . New Buffalo Township was established by an act of the state legislature on March 12, 1836. Five days later,

616-470: The maritime provinces of New Brunswick and Prince Edward Island ) in 1749 in the form of townships controlled by a court of quarter sessions , a system that had characterized local government in Britain and Virginia. This court had both administrative and judicial functions, and took over most responsibilities of local government, including the appointment of necessary officers. A form of direct democracy

660-499: The poverty line , including 6.5% of those under age 18 and 5.4% of those age 65 or over. Civil township Township functions are generally overseen by a governing board (the name varies from state to state) and a clerk, trustee, or mayor (in New Jersey and the metro townships of Utah ). Township officers frequently include justice of the peace , road commissioner , assessor , constable , in addition to surveyor . In

704-462: The 20th century, many townships also added a township administrator or supervisor to the officers as an executive for the board. In some cases, townships run local libraries , senior citizen services, youth services, disabled citizen services, cemetery services, besides emergency assistance. In some states, a township and a municipality that is coterminous with that township may wholly or partially consolidate their operations. Depending on

748-422: The age of 18 living with them, 43.5% were married couples living together, 7.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 44.4% were non-families. 34.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 1.85 and the average family size was 2.33. In the village, the population was spread out, with 7.0% under

792-468: The age of 18, 1.5% from 18 to 24, 18.5% from 25 to 44, 40.5% from 45 to 64, and 32.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 55 years. For every 100 females, there were 106.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 106.7 males. The median income for a household in the village was $ 75,984, and the median income for a family was $ 110,991. Males had a median income of $ 65,500 versus $ 21,875 for females. The per capita income for

836-580: The boundaries of a town that provide additional government services not provided by their parent town, such as sewage, fire, law enforcement, garbage collection, public facilities, water and building code enforcement. In Vermont, most current cities were actually former villages that broke off from their parent town. Connecticut has boroughs and non-consolidated cities, although these communities are not as autonomous as villages in New York and Vermont, and today there are only eight non-consolidated boroughs (plus

880-597: The city and gaining partners to develop the area, the value of land rapidly increased in a period of land speculation . This lasted until the Panic of 1837 , which brought an abrupt end to most speculative land development in the area for several years. Followed soon after by a severe winter in 1841, the area struggled economically. The western terminus of the Michigan Central Railroad in New Buffalo

924-502: The city limits, property owners pay taxes for both the township and municipality, though these overlaps are sometimes overlooked by mistake. Ten other states also allow townships and municipalities to overlap. In Kansas , some civil townships provide services such as road maintenance and fire protection services not provided by the county. In New England and New York , states are generally subdivided into towns and cities, which are municipalities that provide most local services. With

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968-431: The community of Groton Long Point ) and one non-consolidated city. A Pennsylvania township is a unit of local government, responsible for services such as police departments, local road and street maintenance . It acts the same as a city or borough . Townships were established based on convenient geographical boundaries and vary in size from six to fifty-two square miles (10–135 km ). A New Jersey township

1012-840: The county government level in North Carolina as a way of determining and dividing up areas for administrative purposes; primarily for collecting county taxes, determining fire districts (e.g. Lebanon Township in Durham County gives its name to the Lebanon Volunteer Fire Department ), for real estate purposes such as categorizing land deeds, land surveys and other real estate documents, and for voter registration purposes. In most areas of North Carolina that are outside any municipal limit (outside cities or towns), townships are used to determine voter polling places, and in most instances county election boards divide up their voter precincts by township. However, there

1056-650: The county. The townships in Illinois each have a township board, whose board members were formerly called township trustees , and a single township supervisor. In contrast, civil townships in Indiana are operated in a relatively consistent manner statewide and tend to be well organized, with each served by a single township trustee and a three-member board. Civil townships in these states are generally not incorporated , and nearby cities may annex land in adjoining townships with relative ease. In Michigan, however, general law townships are corporate entities (e.g. they can be

1100-463: The divisions of a county. Each township includes unincorporated areas; some may have incorporated cities or towns within part of their boundaries. Arkansas townships have limited purposes in modern times. However, the U.S. census does list Arkansas population based on townships (sometimes referred to as "county subdivisions" or "minor civil divisions"). Townships are also of value for historical purposes in terms of genealogical research. Each town or city

1144-579: The exception of a few remote areas of New Hampshire and Vermont and about half of Maine , all of New England lies within the borders of an incorporated municipality. New England has counties, though in southern New England, they are strictly used as dividing lines for judicial systems and statistical purposes, while in northern New England, they often handle other limited functions, such as law enforcement, education and some public facilities in addition to judicial systems. New England also has cities , most of which are towns whose residents have voted to replace

1188-710: The finest resorts on the Great Lakes . Unfortunately, the hotel was destroyed by fire in 1936. Like much of the country, the area struggled through the Great Depression , followed by booming growth after World War II . During the 1970s and 1980s nightclubs just north of the Indiana state line in New Buffalo Township were popular destinations for young adults from Illinois and Indiana who were under age 21. Both of those states had minimum drinking ages of 21, whereas Michigan's minimum drinking age

1232-474: The following 21 states: There were 29 states without organized town or township governments as of 2012: The provinces of Eastern Canada have, or have had, divisions that are analogous to the townships of the United States. Ontario and Quebec continue to have townships that subdivide their respective counties. Local government was introduced into Nova Scotia (which at the time also included

1276-438: The population. There were 105 households, of which 3.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 49.5% were married couples living together, 3.8% had a female householder with no husband present, 1.9% had a male householder with no wife present, and 44.8% were non-families. 39.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 18.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size

1320-399: The prospect after three years. These acts were repealed in 1879, and townships were replaced in the third quarter of the 19th century by self-governing municipalities. Michiana, Michigan Michiana ( / ˌ m ɪ ʃ i ˈ æ n ə / ) is a village in New Buffalo Township, Berrien County in the extreme southwest corner of the U.S. state of Michigan . The population was 200 at

1364-584: The state, the township government has varying degrees of authority. In the Upper Midwestern states near the Great Lakes , civil townships (known in Michigan as general law townships and in Wisconsin as towns), are often, but not always, overlaid on survey townships. The degree to which these townships are functioning governmental entities varies from state to state and in some cases even within

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1408-463: The subject of lawsuits), and some can become reformulated as charter townships , a status intended to protect against annexation from nearby municipalities and which grants the township some home rule powers similar to cities. In Wisconsin , civil townships are known as " towns " rather than townships, but they function essentially the same as in neighboring states. In Minnesota , state statute refers to such entities as towns yet requires them to have

1452-544: The term "township" to mean "town". Townships and hamlets are unincorporated areas within a town or towns. Because towns are administrative divisions of a county, town boundaries cannot cross county lines. In addition to administrative subdivisions, New York State also has cities . Cities in New York are fully autonomous municipal corporations and, thus, are able to cross county lines and whose governments fully independent of county control. Finally, New York and Vermont also have villages, which are smaller communities lying within

1496-463: The town meeting form of government with a city form. Maine has a third type of township called a plantation , which previously existed in other New England states, that has more limited self-governance than other New England towns. In portions of Maine, New Hampshire, and Vermont, county subdivisions that are not incorporated are occasionally called townships, or by other terms such as " gore ", "grant", "location", or "purchase". The State of New York

1540-405: The township was 93.88% White , 3.65% African American , 0.16% Native American , 0.32% Asian , 0.04% Pacific Islander , 0.28% from other races , and 1.66% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.62% of the population. There were 1,093 households, out of which 20.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 55.8% were married couples living together, 6.8% had

1584-550: The townships along the Michigan side of the Indiana border are truncated so that they are only 6 miles (10 km) wide by about 3.5 miles (5.6 km) tall. The village of Michiana within New Buffalo Township consists of the partial section 24 of survey township T8S R22E, the westernmost portion of the Lower Peninsula of Michigan . The rest of the township consists of the several partial and whole sections of T8S R21E as well as

1628-478: The village of New Buffalo was incorporated. The township originally included what are now Three Oaks Township and Chikaming Township . Three Oaks and Chikaming were set apart in 1856. In 1834, one of the first permanent European-American settlers to the area, Captain Wessell Whittaker, ran his schooner Post Boy aground near what is now the village of Grand Beach . The captain and crew found shelter

1672-422: The village. The population density was 512.0 inhabitants per square mile (197.7/km ). There were 360 housing units at an average density of 921.5 per square mile (355.8/km ). The racial makeup of the village was 95.50% White , 4.00% African American , and 0.50% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.50% of the population. There were 108 households, out of which 7.4% had children under

1716-469: The western row of sections from T8S R20E, section 31 of T7S R20E, and section 35 and 36 of T7S R21E. The Pokagon Indian Reservation is located within the township. As of the census of 2000, there were 2,468 people, 1,093 households, and 718 families residing in the township. The population density was 121.9 inhabitants per square mile (47.1/km). There were 2,139 housing units at an average density of 105.6 per square mile (40.8/km). The racial makeup of

1760-429: Was 1.73 and the average family size was 2.21. The median age in the village was 63 years. 4.9% of residents were under the age of 18; 1% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 7.6% were from 25 to 44; 43.8% were from 45 to 64; and 42.3% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the village was 49.5% male and 50.5% female. As of the census of 2000, there were 200 people, 108 households, and 60 families living in

1804-558: Was 18. According to the United States Census Bureau , the township has a total area of 20.3 square miles (52.5 km), of which 20.0 square miles (51.8 km) is land and 0.23 square miles (0.6 km), or 1.21%, is water. Due to the Lake Michigan shoreline on the northwest and the Indiana border to the south, New Buffalo Township has an irregular triangle shape and is one of the smallest townships in Michigan. Most survey townships are 36 square miles (93 km). However,

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1848-416: Was 47 years. For every 100 females, there were 99.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 96.6 males. The median income for a household in the township was $ 46,991, and the median income for a family was $ 58,333. Males had a median income of $ 46,411 versus $ 27,639 for females. The per capita income for the township was $ 33,587. About 3.5% of families and 6.3% of the population were below

1892-482: Was completed in 1849. The harbor was improved and the economy flourished briefly until the railroad connection to Chicago was completed in 1853, after which the use of the harbor for shipping declined. Around the turn of the century, the area began to be recognized for its vacation and resort potential, resulting in summer cottages, camps and hotels. 1921 saw the opening of the Golfmore Hotel , rated as one of

1936-457: Was introduced into the townships by settlers from New England in 1760 with the help of a provincial statute. However, the statute was disallowed by the King in 1761, and direct democracy was replaced in the townships that had adopted it by the quarter sessions. Acts in 1855 and 1856 provided for the incorporation of self-governing townships, but only Yarmouth partook in incorporating, and abandoned

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