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17-721: In 1842 the Croton River , a tributary of the Hudson River , was impounded by the Old Croton Dam to create Croton Lake. This was New York City 's first source of water beyond its city limits. Its waters traveled by aqueduct to the Croton Distributing Reservoir in midtown Manhattan . Construction on a New Croton Dam began in 1892. In 1900, the workers (primarily Italian immigrants , Irish immigrants and African-Americans ) constructing

34-603: A lawsuit was filed in 1997 against the City of New York by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), the U.S. Department of Justice and the State of New York . The city settled the suit and a consent decree was issued with the condition that the city would build the plant by 2006. The city had been studying possible sites for such a plant for more than 20 years in both the Bronx and nearby Westchester County . The plant protects

51-614: A river in New York is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . This article about a location in Westchester County, New York is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Croton Water Filtration Plant The Croton Water Filtration Plant , is a drinking water treatment facility in New York City which began operation in 2015. The plant construction cost was over $ 3 billion, The facility

68-552: A watershed area of 361 square miles (930 km ). The Croton River was the main source of the city water supply from 1842 to the mid-20th century. Water was brought to the city through the Croton Aqueduct , later called the Old Croton Aqueduct. The larger New Croton Aqueduct opened in 1890. The Old Croton Aqueduct remained in service until 1955. Seeking to expand the city's water supply, engineers of

85-596: Is a river in southern New York with three principal tributaries: the West Branch , Middle Branch , and East Branch . Their waters, all part of the New York City water supply system , join downstream from the Croton Falls Reservoir . Together, their waters and the reservoirs linked to them represent the northern half of the New York City water system's Croton Watershed . Shortly after

102-659: Is approximately 9 miles (14 km) long, and can hold 19 billion US gallons (72,000,000 m) of water at full capacity. Its waters flow into the New Croton Aqueduct , then into the Jerome Park Reservoir in the Bronx . Water from the Jerome Park Reservoir is normally distributed to parts of Manhattan , the Bronx, and western Queens . Croton River The Croton River ( / ˈ k r oʊ t ən / KROH -tən )

119-707: The Croton system as it became more and more unsuitable for drinking. In 2004, a project was started to rehabilitate the New Croton Aqueduct and build the Croton Water Filtration Plant , which came online in May 2015. By the early 21st century the Croton system was supplying 10% of the city's water. 41°11′12″N 73°52′36″W  /  41.18667°N 73.87667°W  / 41.18667; -73.87667 This article related to

136-424: The Croton were dammed, creating the Croton Falls Reservoir , which was placed into service in 1911. In the 1890s, rather than building an expensive filtration system , the city ordered the destruction or relocation of any village or hamlet in the watershed that was considered to be a potential pollution source for the Croton or its tributaries. Many were moved. In the late 1990s, the city stopped using water from

153-535: The city Aqueduct Commission designed in 1884 a 275-to-300-foot-high (84 to 91 m) masonry dam spanning the Croton River near its mouth. The resulting storage reservoir, impounding a 16-square-mile (41 km ) watershed, would hold 14.2 billion US gallons (54,000,000 m ) at full capacity. This dam, now known as the New Croton Dam , was completed in 1906. Further upstream, two tributaries of

170-698: The confluence of the three Croton River branches the Croton River proper, along with its tributary, the Muscoot River , flows into the Muscoot Reservoir , after which it empties into the New Croton Reservoir , which feeds the New Croton Aqueduct supplying water to New York City . Excess water leaves the spillway at the New Croton Dam and empties into the Hudson River at Croton-on-Hudson, New York at Croton Point , about 30 miles (50 km) north of New York City. The river has

187-645: The dam went on strike to protest unfair wages. The New York State National Guard was called in to protect replacement workers and violence ensued. In 1906, the New Croton Dam was completed, expanding the existing impoundment into the New Croton Reservoir, then the largest in the Croton Watershed, and thus one of the largest in the New York City water supply system to that point. It has a 57 square mile (148 km) drainage basin ,

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204-475: The effectiveness of chlorination as a disinfection process. The turbidity problems in the Croton Watershed come from naturally occurring sources and urban runoff pollution. The Croton system supplies about ten percent of the New York City water system and building a filtration system to address the turbidity problems had been proposed since the 1990s. The Croton filtration plant was built after

221-620: The park's southeast corner near the Mosholu Golf Course, was also built using Croton mitigation funds. The new plant allowed the city to provide greater capacity for its water system. This was especially important since the city was preparing to shut off part of the Delaware Aqueduct in 2022 allowing the completion of a tunnel that would bypass a leaking section of the aqueduct in Newburgh, New York . In May 2015

238-475: The public from Giardia and Cryptosporidium , microorganisms which can cause serious health problems. The project was spearheaded by then Commissioner Christopher O. Ward . In the city's early plans, it considered that one of the Croton plant's additional benefits would be to reduce the city's dependence on its two other water sources, the Catskill Aqueduct and Delaware Aqueduct , which at

255-671: The time were only minimally filtered. Subsequently the city built the Catskill-Delaware Water Ultraviolet Disinfection Facility , which began operation in 2013. Raw water is delivered to the filtration plant by the New Croton Aqueduct and the Jerome Park Reservoir . The Croton plant has a capacity of 320 million U.S. gallons (1.2 billion liters) per day and is designed to remove 99.9% of Giardia cysts, Cryptosporidium, and viruses. The system uses conventional drinking water treatment technologies: The filtration plant

272-464: Was built 160 feet (49 m) under Van Cortlandt Park 's Mosholu Golf Course in the Bronx . Through the early 21st century, the three aqueduct systems that supply water to the city utilized chlorination technology, but not filtration (unlike other large municipal water systems in the US). The water in the Croton Aqueduct system , the oldest of the three, often had high turbidity levels, which limits

289-532: Was originally projected to cost $ 800 million, but the project experienced delays and ballooning costs due to objections from the local community, which required the city to propose alternate sites for such a plant. To lessen the disruption caused by the plant's construction, in 2010 the city used mitigation funds from the construction budget to restore the Van Cortlandt Park Parade Ground. The Sachkerah Woods Playground, located at

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