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36-602: The Militia was first organized within the Province of New Hampshire , a colony of the Kingdom of England , in 1631. That instance of the militia lasted until 1641, when the area came under the jurisdiction of the Massachusetts Bay Colony . After New Hampshire became an separate colony again in 1679, Provincial Governor John Cutt reorganized the militia on March 16, 1680, with one foot- company apiece for

72-507: A brief period as a separate province, the territory was absorbed into the Dominion of New England in 1686. Following the collapse of the unpopular Dominion , on October 7, 1691 New Hampshire was again separated from Massachusetts and organized as an English crown colony . Its charter was enacted on May 14, 1692, during the coregency of William and Mary , the joint monarchs of England , Scotland , and Ireland . Between 1699 and 1741,

108-617: A businessman who had acquired the Mason claims, was appointed the first governor under the 1691 charter. He was equally unsuccessful in pursuing the Mason land claims, and was replaced in 1699 by the Earl of Bellomont . Bellomont was the first in a series of governors who ruled both New Hampshire and the Province of Massachusetts Bay . Until 1741 the governorships were shared, with the governor spending most of his time in Massachusetts. As

144-467: A result, the lieutenant governors held significant power. The dual governorship became problematic in part because of territorial claims between Massachusetts and New Hampshire. Since the southern border of the original Mason grant was the Merrimack River , and the Massachusetts charter specified a boundary three miles north of the same river, the claims conflicted, and were eventually brought to

180-569: The Battle of Lake George , the Siege of Fort William Henry , the Siege of Louisbourg (1758) , the 1758 Battle of Carillon and the fall of Fort Carillon (subsequently Fort Ticonderoga ) in 1759, the Battle of the Plains of Abraham and the Battle of Sainte-Foy near Quebec , and were present at the final capitulation of New France at Montreal . They also saw action in countless small battles from

216-826: The Hudson River to Nova Scotia . The Militia was also heavily involved in the American Revolution when it furnished men for the New Hampshire regiments in Washington's Continental Army . John Stark , an officer in Rogers' Rangers , raised the 1st New Hampshire Regiment and took it to the Siege of Boston in 1775 and fought at the Battle of Bunker Hill , along with James Reed's 3rd New Hampshire Regiment . These two regiments along with Enoch Poor's 2nd New Hampshire Regiment entered service with

252-1181: The Rapidan to the James May 3-June 15. Battles of the Wilderness , Va., May 5–7; Spotsylvania May 8–12; Spotsylvania Court House May 12–21. Assault on the Salient at Spotsylvania Court House May 12. North Anna River May 23–26. On line of the Pamunkey May 26–28. Totopotomoy May 28–31. Cold Harbor June 1–12. Bethesda Church June 1–3. Before Petersburg June 16–19. Siege of Petersburg June 16, 1864, to April 2, 1865. Mine Explosion , Petersburg, July 30, 1864. Weldon Railroad August 18–21. Poplar Springs Church September 29-October 2. Hatcher's Run October 27–28. Garrison of Fort Alexander Hays until April 1865. Appomattox Campaign March 28-April 9. Assaults on and fall of Petersburg April 2. Occupation of Petersburg April 3. Pursuit of Lee to Burkesville April 3–9. Moved to Washington, D.C., April 20–27. Duty at Alexandria until July. Grand Review of

288-496: The United States . Europeans first settled New Hampshire in the 1620s, and the province consisted for many years of a small number of communities along the seacoast, Piscataqua River , and Great Bay . In 1641 the communities were organized under the government of the Massachusetts Bay Colony , until Charles II issued a colonial charter for the province and appointed John Cutt as President of New Hampshire in 1679. After

324-649: The Colonial Wars, and was part of expeditions that captured the Fortress of Louisbourg in 1745 and Port Royal, Nova Scotia in 1710. During the last four wars of the French and Indian Wars , the New Hampshire Militia furnished about 5,000 men for six different campaigns, including men who served with Major Robert Rogers and his Rangers . Regiments of the New Hampshire provincial soldiers were at

360-861: The Continental Army and saw action all through the war. In 1777 John Stark led a force of 1,500 New Hampshire , Massachusetts and Vermont militia at the Battle of Bennington in a surprise attack against over 1,400 Hessian , British , Tory and Indians and won a stunning victory that helped the Continental Army win the Saratoga Campaign . Two New Hampshire militia regiments were at the Battle of Saratoga serving in Ebenezer Learned's Brigade helping to defeat General John Burgoyne . New Hampshire militia helped in Gen. John Sullivan 's unsuccessful Battle of Rhode Island in 1778. At

396-642: The English county of Hampshire . Conflicts between holders of grants issued by Mason and Gorges concerning their boundaries eventually led to a need for more active management. In 1630, Captain Walter Neale was sent as chief agent and governor of the lower settlements on the Piscataqua (including Strawbery Banke , present-day Portsmouth ), and in 1631 Captain Thomas Wiggin was sent to govern

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432-510: The Mason heirs and their claims. Consequently, Charles issued a second charter in 1682 with Edward Cranfield as governor. Cranfield strongly supported the Mason heirs, making so many local enemies in the process that he was recalled in 1685. In 1686, the territory was brought into the Dominion of New England , an attempt to unify all of the New England colonies into a single government. The New Hampshire towns did not suffer as much under

468-504: The Masons, Wheelwright's party purchased the land from local Indians. His party included William Wentworth , whose descendants came to play a major role in colonial history. Around the same time, others unhappy with the strict Puritan rule in Massachusetts settled in Dover, while Puritans from Massachusetts settled what eventually became Hampton . Because of a general lack of government,

504-651: The Massachusetts legislature in Boston . Mason's heirs were in the meantime active in England, seeking to regain control of their territory, and Massachusetts was coming under increasing scrutiny by King Charles II . In 1679, Charles issued a charter establishing the Province of New Hampshire, with John Cutt as its first president. In January 1680, Cutt took office, ending Massachusetts governance. However, Cutt and his successor, Richard Waldron , were strongly opposed to

540-612: The New Hampshire coast as early as 1623, and eventually expanded along the shores of the Piscataqua River and the Great Bay . These settlers were mostly intending to profit from the local fisheries. Mason and Gorges, neither of whom ever came to New England, divided their claims along the Piscataqua River in 1629. Mason took the territory between the Piscataqua and Merrimack, and called it "New Hampshire", after

576-537: The New Hampshire population was religiously diverse, originating in part in its early years with refugees from opposition to religious differences in Massachusetts. From the 1680s until 1760, New Hampshire was often on the front lines of military conflicts with New France and the Abenaki people , seeing major attacks on its communities in King William's War , Dummer's War , and King George's War . The province

612-485: The New Hampshire settlements sought the protection of their larger neighbor to the south, the Massachusetts Bay Colony . In 1641, they collectively agreed to be governed from Massachusetts, provided the towns retained self-rule, and that Congregational Church membership was not required for their voters (as it was in Massachusetts). The settlements formed part of that colony until 1679, sending representatives to

648-591: The Potomac , to March 1863. 1st Brigade, 2nd Division, IX Corps, Department of the Ohio , to June 1863. 1st Brigade, 2nd Division, IX Corps, Army of the Tennessee , to September 1863. Bixby's Brigade, District of North Central Kentucky, 1st Division, XXIII Corps , Department of the Ohio, to February 1864. 1st Brigade, 2nd Division, IX Corps, Army of the Potomac, to April 1864. 2nd Brigade, 2nd Division, IX Corps, Army of

684-1981: The Potomac, to July 1865. The 6th New Hampshire Infantry mustered out of service July 27, 1865. Left New Hampshire for Washington, D.C. , December 25, 1861. Expedition to Hatteras Inlet , N.C., January 6–13, 1862, and duty there until March 2. Moved to Roanoke Island March 2 and duty there until June 18. Expedition to Elizabeth City April 7–8. Battle of Camden , South Mills, April 19. Expedition to New Berne June 18-July 2. Moved to Newport News, Va. , July 2–10, and duty there until August 2. Moved to Aquia Creek and Fredericksburg, Va. , August 2–7. Pope's Campaign in northern Virginia August 16-September 2. Battles of Groveton August 29; Second Bull Run August 30; Chantilly September 1. Maryland Campaign September–October. Battle of South Mountain , Md., September 14. Battle of Antietam , September 16–17. Duty in Pleasant Valley, Md. , until October 27. Movement to Falmouth, Va. , October 27-November 19. Corbin's Cross Roads, near Amissville , November 10. Sulphur Springs November 14. Battle of Fredericksburg , Va., December 12–15. Burnside's Second Campaign, " Mud March ", January 20–24, 1863. Moved to Newport News, Va., February 11; then to Lexington, Ky. , March 26-April 1. To Winchester , then to Richmond, Ky. , April 18. To Paint Lick Creek May 3, and to Lancaster May 10. Movement to Vicksburg, Miss. , June 3–14, Siege of Vicksburg June 14-July 4. Advance on Jackson, Miss. , July 4–10. Siege of Jackson July 10–17. At Milldale until August 5. Moved to Cincinnati , Ohio, August 5–20; then to Nicholasville, Ky . Provost duty at Nicholasville, Frankfort , and Russellville until October 25. Moved to Camp Nelson, Ky. , and provost duty there until January 16, 1864. Regiment veterans January 1864, and on furlough January 16 to March 10, when ordered to Annapolis, Md . Non-veterans at Camp Nelson, Ky., until March. Campaign from

720-449: The area that is now northeastern New England was populated by bands of the Abenaki , who lived in sometimes-large villages of longhouses . Depending on the season, they would either remain near their villages to fish, gather plants, engage in sugaring , and trade or fight with their neighbors, or head to nearby fowling and hunting grounds; later they also farmed tobacco and the " three sisters ": corn, beans, and squash. The seacoast

756-864: The beginning of the American Civil War , the Militia was virtually nonexistent. The state had to raise volunteer regiments , such as the 6th New Hampshire Volunteer Infantry , to aid in the war. In 1879, New Hampshire designated the Militia as the New Hampshire National Guard , decades before the mandatory name change required by the National Defense Act of 1916 . French and Indian War Provincial Units New Hampshire Continental Army Regiments New Hampshire Revolutionary War era militia Units Province of New Hampshire The Province of New Hampshire

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792-1029: The colony grew from 30 in 1640 to 674 in 1773 (ranging between 1 and 4 percent of the population), but declined to 541 (or 0.6 percent of the population) by 1780. In New Hampshire, unlike some of the other New England Colonies , the Puritan Congregational church was not the established church in the colony. Following the First Great Awakening (1730–1755), the number of regular places of worship in New Hampshire had grown to 46 in 1750 (40 Congregational, five Presbyterian , and one Anglican ), and to 125 regular places of worship by 1776 (78 Congregational, 27 Presbyterian, 13 Baptist , four Friends , two Episcopal , and one New Light Congregational ). 43°04′31″N 70°45′38″W  /  43.0754°N 70.7605°W  / 43.0754; -70.7605 6th New Hampshire Volunteer Infantry The 6th New Hampshire Infantry Regiment

828-607: The four major settlements in Portsmouth , Dover , Exeter , and Hampton , and an artillery and cavalry company in Portsmouth. The King of England authorized the Provincial Governor to give commissions to persons who shall be best qualified for regulating and discipline of the militia. President Cutt placed Major Richard Waldron of Dover in command of the Militia. The New Hampshire Militia served in all of

864-539: The grants to be allocated to himself. These grants brought New Hampshire into conflict with the Province of New York , the other claimant to the territory. King George III in 1764 ruled in New York's favor, setting off a struggle between the holders of the New Hampshire Grants and New York authorities that eventually resulted in the formation of the state of Vermont . The controversy also resulted in

900-591: The king's attention. In 1741, King George II decreed what is now the border between Massachusetts and New Hampshire, and separated the governorships, issuing a commission to Benning Wentworth as New Hampshire governor. Wentworth broadly interpreted New Hampshire's territorial claims, believing that territories west of the Connecticut River belonged to New Hampshire. In a scheme that was effective at lining his own pockets, he sold land grants in this territory for relatively low prices, but required parts of

936-440: The province's governor was often concurrently the governor of the Province of Massachusetts Bay . This practice ended completely in 1741, when Benning Wentworth was appointed governor. Wentworth laid claim on behalf of the province to lands west of the Connecticut River , east of the Hudson River , and north of Massachusetts, issuing controversial land grants that were disputed by the Province of New York , which also claimed

972-675: The province's interior. The province was partitioned into counties in 1769, later than the other twelve colonies that revolted against the British Empire . Twelve other colonies joined with New Hampshire in resisting attempts by the British Parliament to impose taxes. After the American Revolutionary War began in April 1775, the province recruited regiments that served in the Siege of Boston , and

1008-508: The replacement of Wentworth by his nephew John , who would be the last royal governor of the province. Since the province was on the northern frontier bordering New France , its communities were frequently attacked during King William's War and Queen Anne's War , and then again in the 1720s during Dummer's War . Because of these wars the Indian population in the northern parts of the province declined, but settlements only slowly expanded into

1044-650: The rule of Sir Edmund Andros as did Massachusetts. After word of the Glorious Revolution reached Boston, Massachusetts authorities conspired to have Andros arrested and sent back to England. This left the New Hampshire towns without any colonial administration, just as King William's War erupted around them. Subjected to significant French and Indian raids, they appealed to Massachusetts Governor Simon Bradstreet , who oversaw them until William III and Mary II issued new, separate charters in 1691 for both Massachusetts and New Hampshire. Samuel Allen ,

1080-533: The territory. These disputes resulted in the eventual formation of the Vermont Republic and the U.S. state of Vermont . The province's economy was dominated by timber and fishing. The timber trade, although lucrative, was a subject of conflict with the crown, which sought to reserve the best trees for use as ship masts . Although the Puritan leaders of Massachusetts ruled the province for many years,

1116-457: The upper settlements, comprising modern-day Dover , Durham and Stratham . After Mason died in 1635, the colonists and employees of Mason appropriated many of his holdings to themselves. Exeter was founded in 1638 by John Wheelwright , after he had been banished from the neighboring Massachusetts Bay Colony for defending the teachings of Anne Hutchinson , his sister-in-law. In the absence of granting authority from anyone associated with

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1152-551: Was an infantry regiment that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War . The 6th New Hampshire Infantry was organized in Keene, New Hampshire , and mustered in for a three-year enlistment on November 27, 1861. The regiment was attached to Williams' 4th Brigade, North Carolina Expedition, to April 1862. Hawkins' Brigade, Department of North Carolina , to July 1862. 1st Brigade, 2nd Division, IX Corps , Army of

1188-698: Was an English colony and later a British province in New England . It corresponds to the territory between the Merrimack and Piscataqua rivers on the eastern coast of North America . It was named after the English county of Hampshire in southern England by Captain John Mason in 1629, its first named proprietor. In 1776, the province established an independent state and government, the State of New Hampshire , and joined with twelve other colonies to form

1224-537: Was at first not strongly in favor of independence, but with the outbreak of armed conflict at Lexington and Concord many of its inhabitants joined the revolutionary cause. After Governor John Wentworth fled New Hampshire in August 1775, the inhabitants adopted a constitution in early 1776. Independence as part of the United States was confirmed with the 1783 Treaty of Paris . Prior to English colonization,

1260-521: Was explored in the early years of the 17th century by English and French explorers, including Samuel de Champlain and John Smith . Permanent English settlement began after land grants were issued in 1622 to John Mason and Sir Ferdinando Gorges for the territory between the Merrimack and Sagadahoc ( Kennebec ) rivers, roughly encompassing present-day New Hampshire and western Maine . Settlers, whose early leaders included David Thomson , Edward Hilton and his brother William Hilton, began settling

1296-514: Was the first former European colony to formally establish an independent government, as the State of New Hampshire, in January 1776. From 1630 to 1780, the population of New Hampshire grew from 500 to 87,802. In 1623, the first permanent English settlements, Dover and Rye , were established, while Portsmouth was the largest city by 1773 with a population of 4,372. The black population in

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