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86-554: The report cards were first proposed in 1988 by Governor Thomas Kean and mailed out in 1989. Although various types of school report cards had been released in California , Illinois , and Virginia , New Jersey was the first to send the reports home to parents and make them available to all taxpayers. In 1995, the New Jersey legislature passed a law expanding the scope of the report cards to include more financial matters and

172-456: A PTA, School Development Management Committees (SDMCs) should co-exist with PTAs and leverage their functions, PTAs should conduct meetings at least once a month and present SDMCs with a register of complaints, suggestions, and actions taken. From 2013 to 2014, 37.54 percent of schools in India had a PTA. A 2010 study suggested that 50% of parents in rural areas and 45% in urban areas were aware of

258-573: A board member for several publicly traded companies, including Aramark , UnitedHealth Group , Hess Corporation , The Pepsi Bottling Group , CIT Group , and Franklin Templeton Investments . In 2006, the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission began investigating the conduct of United Health Group's management and directors, and the Internal Revenue Service and prosecutors in the U.S. Attorney's Office for

344-834: A burst of synergy that drew 2,000 people from across the country to discuss the issues affecting their children at a three-day event. The National Congress of Mothers quickly fanned out into a grassroots organization at national, state, and local levels. The National Congress of Mothers , now known as the National Parent Teacher Association, became a grassroots organization that influenced the local, state, and national levels. Pamphlets written on how to organize "parents' auxiliaries" in public schools and offer suggestions on formation and meeting were distributed. Collections of loaned materials on child-development and parenting skills were made available to parents. The PTA has helped institute countless changes, from

430-462: A carnival or health fair. They can help teachers and staff by making copies for the class. Teachers and staff may become involved by helping to plan events that encourage the education of the students. These may include workshops, tutoring or special family nights (math, science, reading). The students reap the benefits by the involvement and support of all the adults involved in the PTO. The PTO supports

516-457: A critically important assignment. In December 2003, as the 9/11 Commission neared completion of its investigation, Kean said that the September 11 attacks could have been prevented, saying, "As you read the report, you're going to have a pretty clear idea what wasn't done and what should have been done. This was not something that had to happen." On April 4, 2004, in an interview with Meet

602-468: A digital online format geared towards parents. It is now a monthly online publication, with one print edition distribution in the spring. A parent teacher organization ( PTO ) is a formal organization that consists of parents, teachers, and school staff. The organization's goals may vary from organization to organization but the core goals include parent volunteerism, teacher and student encouragement, community involvement, and student and family welfare. It

688-571: A documentary by ABC, the series drew criticism prior to its airing for misrepresenting facts leading up the September 11 attacks. Bill Clinton , Madeleine Albright , many former high-ranking Clinton administration officials, and other scholars, publicly questioned the accuracy of the miniseries and asked that it not be aired. Albright called the miniseries' portrayal of her "false and defamatory." Former U.S. ambassador to Yemen Barbara Bodine also strongly criticized her own portrayal, complaining in

774-531: A general meeting at least once a year. 78.21% of the schools in Delhi have a PTA. Decentralization of school management was promoted through the installation of PTAs under Sarva Siksha Abhiyan . A 2016 government report stated that 25% of parents were aware of the existence of PTAs, 43% of schools had PTAs, and 39% of PTAs met regularly. Tamil Nadu government policy dictates that PTAs should work towards pupil enrolments and attendance as well as assist in enhancing

860-643: A history teacher and obtained a master's degree from Teachers College at Columbia University. He served in the New Jersey General Assembly from 1968 to 1978 and held the role of speaker of the Assembly from 1972 to 1973. In 1981, Kean was elected governor of New Jersey; he was re-elected in 1985. A moderate Republican, Kean is regarded as a popular governor who promoted New Jersey tourism. Following his two terms as governor, Kean served as president of Drew University from 1990 until 2005. After

946-787: A larger group. PTA is membership based and uses money from dues to offer staff support and grants and to develop national programs, such as their Reflections arts in education program and their Standards for Family-School Partnerships implementation guide. A PTO is unaffiliated, local and does not pay dues to a national umbrella organization. PTOs encourage parent, teacher, and community involvement by providing programs that facilitate various activities, including bicycle safety, drug awareness, energy conservation, reading programs, science programs, math programs, and pedestrian safety. PTO parents get involved by supporting their students, teachers and staff. Parents can volunteer to be room parents to assist with class parties or field trips. They can help set up at

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1032-565: A local PTA automatically becomes a member of both the state's PTA and National PTA. PTA membership – including the number of affiliated units and of individual members – has been declining for several decades. Today, there are 54 PTA congresses: U.S. states, the District of Columbia , the U.S. Virgin Islands , Puerto Rico and Europe (military families, through the U.S. Department of Defense ). There are 23,000 local organizations recognized by

1118-545: A meaningful policy change that will produce positive results for children and their families Examples include: The first issue of National Parent Teacher Association's Our Children magazine – then named The National Congress of Mothers Magazine – was printed in November 1906. The purpose of the magazine was to voice the National PTA's ambitions and to spread the word of its work and mission. The magazine's title

1204-610: A moderate Republican, Kean was elected to the New Jersey General Assembly . He ran with Philip D. Kaltenbacher , a Short Hills Republican who had served as an aide to Assemblyman Irwin I. Kimmelman from 1964 to 1966; Kimmelman later served as Attorney General in Kean's administration as New Jersey governor. In the Republican primary, Kean and Kaltenbacher defeated Donald Fitz Maurice, Vivian Tompkins Lange,

1290-448: A non-biased forum for sharing information on issues that impact our children. It is our belief that the team effort of a parent teacher organization offers the best possible learning environment for our children. A PTO generally consists of a board. These members may include a president, vice president, secretary and treasurer. They may also include various specialty positions, such as hospitality, or programs. The board typically governs

1376-659: A separate spokesman: "Regardless of the positive attitude the Governor and Commissioner seem to be putting forth, they're still going to be comparing a Camden to a Livingston." Philip Esbrandt, superintendent of the Cherry Hill Public Schools , said that many of the released numbers "don't convey an accurate picture of things." Susan Fuhrman of the Center for Policy Research in Education "My major concern

1462-616: A site where he was at that point? I think those early opportunities are clear. We had him. We saw him. I think maybe we could have done something about it." On July 22, 2004, the Commission issued its final report, the 9/11 Commission Report , a 585-page report that concluded concluded that the CIA and the FBI ill-served President Bush and the American people in failing to predict or prevent

1548-554: Is a matter for the school governing bodies — but in practice, parents who are active in the PTA will tend to engage in the election of parent representatives ( parent governors ). When the modern school system was introduced to Japan during the Meiji period (1868-1912), the cost of establishing and maintaining each school was considered to be mainly borne by town and village expenses, but school budgets were not necessarily abundant. To reduce

1634-757: Is a nonprofit parent/teacher organization whose membership includes all parents, legal guardians and staff at New Franklin Elementary School. The PTO's mission is to promote open communication and understanding between parents and staff of the New Franklin Elementary School. Our efforts serve to enhance and maximize the education of every child while aiding them in achieving their highest potential. The PTO sponsors assistance to teachers in classroom setting, holds fund-raisers for supplemental educational materials and experiences, supports school and family social interaction, and provides

1720-425: Is an American politician, statesman, and academic administrator from the state of New Jersey . A Republican, Kean served as the 48th governor of New Jersey from 1982 to 1990. Kean is a member of the Kean political family. His father, Robert Kean , was a member of the U.S. House of Representatives, and his grandfather, Hamilton Fish Kean, was a U.S. senator. After graduating from Princeton University, Kean worked as

1806-553: Is not affiliated with the national Parent-Teacher Association (PTA) or Parent-Teacher-Student Association (PTSA). The PTA is a national association of millions of members and thousands of local units that provides leadership training and staff support. Individual organizations typically establish goals and/or a mission statement. Here is a sample PTO Mission Statement from the New Franklin School PTO: The New Franklin School PTO

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1892-470: Is that parents, citizens, and real-estate agents will draw very simplistic conclusions." Although it has many critics, the Report Card also has many defenders. The Parent-Teacher Association of New Jersey has supported the initiative since the beginning. James O'Neill of The Philadelphia Inquirer has argued that the cards opponents are excessively defensive. "For every statistic that jumps out of

1978-541: Is widely considered the most important independent U.S. government commission since the Warren Commission , which was charged with investigating the assassination of John F. Kennedy in 1963, and perhaps the most important U.S. government commission in American history given its mammoth responsibility for investigating the causes of the first foreign attack on the U.S. mainland since the War of 1812 , which represented

2064-607: The Los Angeles Times about the "mythmakers" who created it and calling the project "false." On July 4, 2007, al-Qaeda publicly released a video of Ayman al-Zawahri , its deputy chief, urging all Muslims to unite in a holy war against the United States in Iraq and elsewhere. The 95-minute video also prominently featured video excerpts of Kean citing al-Qaeda as one of the most formidable security threats that

2150-621: The American Whig–Cliosophic Society , a political, literary, and debating society with a lengthy list of distinguished members . He graduated from Princeton with a B.A. in history in 1957. After working on his father's unsuccessful U.S. senatorial campaign in 1958 and returning to St. Mark's School as a history teacher for three years, Kean attended Teachers College at Columbia University in New York City, where he earned his M.A. in history. In 1967, running as

2236-787: The Bipartisan Policy Center . Kean has served as chairman of The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation , the nation's largest health philanthropy; the National Campaign to Prevent Teen and Unplanned Pregnancy; the Carnegie Corporation of New York ; Educate America; the National Environmental Education and Training Foundation; MENTOR: The National Mentoring Partnership; and the Newark Alliance. He has also served as

2322-667: The George H. W. Bush administration . Kean also advocated continued U.S. aid to anti-communist resistance forces in Afghanistan , Angola , and to those engaged in supporting democratic change in the former Soviet Union . "To those supporting the Afghan resistance," Kean told the Heritage Foundation audience in 1991, "I say, carry on." Kean was appointed to the boards of several important foreign policy bodies, including

2408-627: The Japan PTA National Assembly was formed. In the U.S., PTAs are part of the National Parent Teacher Association (National PTA), a non-profit organization based in Alexandria, Virginia . Most public and private elementary and middle schools have either a PTA (public schools only), a parent–teacher organization (PTO), or an equivalent local organization. These organizations also exist, although less frequently, at high schools and preschools . Every person who joins

2494-539: The New Jersey Highway Authority . Kean also worked as a political commentator on New Jersey public television . Four years later, in 1981 , Kean again ran for governor. In his campaign, Kean pledged to foster job creation, clean up toxic waste sites, reduce crime, and preserve home rule . In his 1981 campaign, Kean secured the endorsement of former U.S. President Gerald Ford , who had not endorsed him in his 1977 gubernatorial campaign. In

2580-542: The September 11 attacks , Kean was appointed by President George W. Bush as chairman of the National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States , widely known as the 9/11 Commission. On July 22, 2004, Kean and the commission released their findings in the 9/11 Commission Report . Kean is the father of U.S. Representative Thomas Kean Jr. Kean was born in New York City to a long line of Dutch Americans and New Jersey politicians. His mother

2666-601: The Southern District of New York subpoenaed documents from the company. The investigations came to light following publication of a series of probing articles in The Wall Street Journal in May 2006, which reported on the apparent backdating of hundreds of millions of dollars' worth of stock options by UnitedHealth Group's management. The backdating allegedly occurred with the knowledge and approval of

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2752-512: The largest terrorist attack in world history , and recommending steps to defend the U.S. from future attacks. Kean's appointment to head the commission, and later the work and final report of the commission, drew substantial global attention. Bush initially selected Richard Nixon 's former Secretary of State Henry Kissinger to head the 9/11 Commission . But Kissinger faced opposition due to his potential conflicts of interest with his global business consultancy, and withdrew from consideration for

2838-491: The 1981 general election, Kean defeated Democratic Representative Jim Florio in the closest election in New Jersey gubernatorial election history, winning by 1,797 votes. The election was controversial due to the involvement of the Republican National Committee , who appointed a Ballot Security Task Force that was alleged to have intimidated voters. One of Kean's strategists in his 1981 campaign

2924-655: The 1990s and 2000s began their political careers in Kean's administration, including Douglas Forrester , Bob Franks , and Chris Daggett . In the aftermath of Kean's tenure as a two-term New Jersey governor, the Eagleton Institute of Politics at Rutgers University–New Brunswick 's Center on the American Governor in New Brunswick , established the Thomas H. Kean Archive. In 1990, following

3010-612: The General Assembly, and Kean was elected as Assembly Speaker. Woodson would have been the Assembly's first African American Speaker, and charges of racism were leveled against Friedland by fellow Democrats. In the following Assembly in 1974, Democrats united behind Woodson for Speaker, and Kean became the Assembly's minority leader. In 1973, Kean served briefly as acting New Jersey governor. In 1974 , Kean ran for Congress in New Jersey's 5th congressional district but lost

3096-760: The National PTA in the United States. The National Parent Teacher Association was founded on 17 February 1897, in Washington, D.C., as the National Congress of Mothers by Alice McLellan Birney and Phoebe Apperson Hearst at a meeting of over 2,000 parents, teachers, workers, and legislators. In 1908, the organization changed its name to the National Congress of Mothers and Parent-Teacher Associations. . Alice Birney 's original vision coupled with Phoebe Hearst 's (wife of California U.S. Senator George Hearst and mother of publisher William Randolph Hearst ) social and financial assistance came together in

3182-513: The PTO by creating and voting on meeting dates, general meeting programs, etc. A PTO is not the same as a parent–teacher association (PTA). They are similar in that both promote parent participation, but the PTA takes a more active role in developing programs, advocacy, and training. PTA operates at the school building, district, state and national levels and works on policy to better support children. Local PTA units set their own goals and missions, but they also join together to advocate and partner as

3268-718: The President's Education Policy Advisory Committee and chaired the Education Commission of the States and the National Governors Association 's Task Force on Teaching. Kean began receiving national recognition following the launch of a multi-million dollar promotional campaign for New Jersey tourism, in television commercials promoting New Jersey as a tourist destination, that aired nationally during throughout his eight years as governor. In

3354-566: The Press , Kean again stated that the September 11 attacks could have been prevented, saying that the federal government should have acted sooner to dismantle al-Qaeda and responded more quickly to the terrorist threat it represented. "When we actually saw bin Laden on the ground, using the Predator or other means, did we have...actionable intelligence? Should we have sent a cruise missile into

3440-432: The Republican primary to Millicent Fenwick by 0.32%. During the 1976 presidential campaign , Kean served as Gerald Ford 's campaign manager for the state of New Jersey. In 1977 , Kean ran unsuccessfully for the Republican nomination for governor of New Jersey. Although he spent most of his career as a political moderate, in this race Kean ran to the right of New Jersey Senate Minority Leader Raymond Bateman . Kean

3526-534: The September 11 attacks, which the report concluded were preventable. On August 15, 2006, Kean and Commission Vice Chair Lee H. Hamilton released a book, Without Precedent: The Inside Story of the 9/11 Commission , published by Alfred A. Knopf . In the book, Kean and Hamilton write that the 9/11 Commission was so frustrated with repeated misstatements by The Pentagon and Federal Aviation Administration that it considered an investigation into possible deception by these government bodies concerning their response to

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3612-586: The U.S. government-funded National Endowment for Democracy (NED); a Presidential advisory commission on a post- Castro Cuba , which was chaired by former U.S. Presidential Republican candidate Steve Forbes ; and President Bill Clinton's One America Initiative . He also served as an advisory board member for the Partnership for a Secure America . Kean served as co-chair of the National Security Preparedness Group (NSPG) at

3698-409: The U.S. had ever confronted, presumably cited with the intention of bolstering the morale of al-Qaeda supporters. Comments by Kean cited on the video include a reference to the fact that al-Qaeda remained as strong in 2007 as it was before the September 11, 2001, attacks. The video also appeared to validate that al-Qaeda was closely monitoring U.S. political developments, especially including the work of

3784-485: The ads, in which Kean was sometimes joined by various celebrities with New Jersey roots, including Brooke Shields and Bill Cosby , he recited the state's tourism motto: "New Jersey and You: Perfect Together". In 1998, the campaign was revived by then New Jersey Governor Christine Todd Whitman , capping a long-term, multibillion-dollar effort to promote the state and especially its Jersey Shore beach resorts as attractive vacation destinations. In 1988, Kean delivered

3870-464: The age of 76. The Keans had been married for 53 years. Parent-Teacher Association A parent–teacher association/organization ( PTA/PTO ), parent–teacher–friend association ( PTFA ), is a formal organization comprising parents, teachers and staff that is intended to facilitate parental participation in a school. A parent–teacher–student association ( PTSA ) additionally invites students to participate and give input. In Australia,

3956-503: The attacks. Kean served as a paid consultant and spokesman for the ABC miniseries The Path to 9/11 , which aired nationally in primetime in two segments, on September 10 and 11, 2006. The second part of the miniseries also aired without commercial interruption with the exception of a 20-minute break at 9 pm ET, when President Bush addressed the nation on the fifth anniversary of the September 11 attacks. While not technically considered

4042-527: The average cost per pupil. Saul Cooperson, then the New Jersey State Education Commissioner, insisted that the point of the reports was not to rank districts or make comparisons between them; however, many reporters did just that. One statistic that received a large amount of coverage was that Newark spent $ 1,237 more per student than Sparta , but still had SAT scores that were 278 points lower on average. Throughout

4128-515: The commission. It also suggested that al-Qaeda intended to focus not just on engaging the West in Iraq, but also in other countries. "As for the second half of the long-term plan," al-Zawahri says on the video, "it consists of hurrying to the fields of Jihad like Afghanistan , Iraq , and Somalia for Jihadi preparation and training". The commission reassembled in Washington, D.C., on July 22, 2014, for

4214-503: The cultural center had the power to revitalize Newark and strengthen the state as a whole. Kean remained involved in advocacy for the arts years after his time as governor, criticizing arts funding cuts in 2007. Kean practiced bipartisanship and outreach beyond traditional political constituencies. He worked extensively with traditional Democratic constituencies, especially on urban policies . He also divested New Jersey's public retirement funds from South Africa during apartheid , embraced

4300-662: The depth of foreign policy and national security expertise needed to manage an investigation so integral to the future of American national security. Supporters of Kean in the Bush administration and elsewhere, however, countered that Kean's work since 1990 as a board member of the National Endowment for Democracy , the post- Castro Cuba Commission, and his foreign policy and national security commentary and analysis following his governorship established adequate national security and foreign policy credentials for him to assume such

4386-560: The dining hall and was a regular spectator at Drew sporting events. Kean served as Drew's president until 2005, and also taught a highly selective political science seminar at the university. In 1990, Kean for the first time began expressing views on foreign policy and national security matters that generally mirrored those of the Republican Party. In a December 15, 1991, speech to The Heritage Foundation in Washington, D.C., Kean endorsed free trade initiatives then under way by

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4472-406: The directors, including Kean, who sat on the company's compensation committee during three crucial years, according to The Wall Street Journal . Major shareholders filed lawsuits, accusing Kean and the other directors of failing in their fiduciary duty. From 1995 until 2018, Kean was a weekly columnist for The Star-Ledger , a Newark -based newspaper and the most widely circulated newspaper in

4558-450: The early 1990s, the reports continued to be published and remained a popular subject for papers like The Philadelphia Inquirer and The New York Times . Additional statistics began to be tracked, including average teacher salaries and state and federal aid. In the mid 1990s, Governor Christine Todd Whitman began making a drive for increased efficiency in education. At that point, New Jersey had administrative costs per pupil of $ 1,700,

4644-545: The education industry. Following the September 11 terrorist attacks on the United States by al-Qaeda , political pressure grew for an independent commission to independently investigate why the attacks were not prevented by U.S. national security organizations, including the Central Intelligence Agency , Department of Defense , National Security Agency , and others, and to provide recommendations for preventing future terrorist attacks. The commission

4730-475: The end of his second gubernatorial term, Kean was named President of Drew University , a liberal arts university in Madison, New Jersey . During Kean's presidency, applications to Drew increased by more than 40 percent; the endowment nearly tripled; and more than $ 60 million was committed to construction of new buildings and renovation of older buildings. Kean would frequently eat lunch unannounced with students in

4816-571: The executive director of the New Jersey Association of School Administrators said "We don't believe it will do good for the students of New Jersey or the school districts." The state's largest teachers union, the New Jersey Education Association, said through spokesman Roger Broderick, "In and of itself, the card has no value." The NJEA also believed that it would cause unfair comparisons, saying through

4902-461: The existence of school PTAs. In 1996, the Maharashtra government declared PTAs mandatory for all schools within the state. By 2014, 50% of the schools had a PTA. State guidelines for PTAs include: The government of Delhi made PTAs mandatory in government-aided and private unaided schools. All parents are members of the PTA. Elections should be held every other year, and the PTA should hold

4988-1071: The ferry saved two dozen individuals when US Airways Flight 1549 made an emergency landing on the Hudson River . In 2013, Kean was inducted into the New Jersey Hall of Fame . Kean met his future wife, Deborah Bye , at a party in Manhattan . They began dating in October 1966. Bye and Kean married at the Old Drawyers Church in Odessa, Delaware on June 3, 1967. The couple had three children: daughter, Alexandra, and twin sons, Tom Jr. and Reed. Kean moved to Livingston, New Jersey in 1967 during his first campaign for office. As of 2015, Kean lived in Bedminster, New Jersey . Deborah Kean died on April 24, 2020 at

5074-517: The financial and labor burden on school management, many voluntary groups such as Parents Association and Mothers' Association were formed by parents of students attending school and residents of school districts. Since the Showa 10's (1935), due to the intensification of World War II and the subsequent confusion, group activities had stagnated temporarily. After the end of the war , the activities started again. Activities and movements anticipating

5160-402: The first time that fall. They were released as planned that November. The first report cards did not offer a comparison or ranking of schools, and the version sent home to parents only included information about their individual school and the statewide averages. The released information included SAT and standardized test scores, student-teacher ratios, hours of instruction, attendance rates, and

5246-475: The fullest co-operation between home and school, education authorities, central government and all other interested parties and bodies." Unlike the USA, the fact that a body is called a PTA does not, in itself, imply membership with any national organization. There is a separate, similar body for Scotland entitled "The Scottish Parent Teacher Council". PTAs are generally not involved in the management of schools – that

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5332-560: The function of PTAs is filled by parents and citizens associations, which are governed by both state and national organizational bodies. A 1992 'Program on Action' for the 1986 National Policy on Education encouraged giving pre-eminence to people's involvement, including the association of non-governmental and voluntary efforts. Government education schemes such as Rashtriya Madhyamik Shiksha Abhiyan (RMSA) and Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA) have advocated for community mobilization and involvement. RMSA dictates that every school should have

5418-481: The highest cost of any state in the nation. In the summer of 1995, the New Jersey Legislature passed a bill enabling state aid to be withheld from schools that spent more than 30% on administrative costs and requiring the release of more financial data. The bill was signed into law by Governor Whitman on August 23, 1995. The report cards are still released annually. Their contents have evolved over

5504-605: The implementation of the statewide holiday in honor of civil rights leader Martin Luther King Jr. , and supported legislation establishing New Jersey's Educational Opportunity Fund. In January 1990, Kean was succeeded as governor by James Florio . A governor of New Jersey may not serve more than two consecutive terms. Kean left office in January 1990 as one of the most popular political figures in New Jersey political history. A number of leading New Jersey figures of

5590-552: The institution of school lunch and inoculation programs to the institution of child labor laws to the promotion of transportation safety, sex education, and tobacco and alcohol education. National PTA's Annual Public Policy National PTA's annual public policy agenda outlines policy priorities and recommendations for Congress. The priorities are selected based on the timeliness of issue, opportunities for National PTA to provide leadership and expertise to Congress, alignment to National PTA's mission and resolution and ability to achieve

5676-601: The keynote speech at the 1988 Republican National Convention in New Orleans . Also in 1988, Kean authored a book entitled The Politics of Inclusion . As governor, Kean played a central role in founding and funding the New Jersey Performing Arts Center in Newark , one of the nation's largest performing arts centers, that received roughly $ 200 million in state funding. Kean believed that

5762-465: The majority of schools. They are sometimes referred to as home school associations. A 2007 NFER study found that 83% of primary schools in England and Wales and 60% of secondary schools had a "PTA or equivalent". In England, Wales and Northern Ireland, PTAs may choose to join Parentkind, which describes itself as "the national charity representing over 13,750 PTAs across England, Wales and Northern Ireland" that seeks "to advance education by encouraging

5848-458: The more involved they can be. This is a way to arm them with that knowledge." The proposal initially faced strong opposition, and in the spring of 1988 some superintendents refused to release their test score data to the state because they feared it would be used in the report cards. The schools eventually consented to release the data and no report cards were issued that year. In February 1989 Kean announced that report cards would be shipped for

5934-418: The position on December 13, 2002. Noting Kean's post-gubernatorial foreign policy involvement and his reputation as a consensus-oriented political leader, Bush nominated Kean as Kissinger's replacement in leading the important and politically sensitive commission. Just as some had criticized Kissinger's nomination, Kean's leadership of the commission also drew some criticism. Some alleged that Kean did not have

6020-411: The publication with the parent–teacher movement." More changes came in 1961 with another new name— The PTA Magazine —under the editorial leadership of Eva Grant. She led the magazine to its period of widest influence and greatest circulation from 1939 to 1972. During that time, the magazine featured prominent regular contributors such as J. Edgar Hoover and Margaret Mead . In 1975, The PTA Magazine

6106-436: The quality of teaching and learning. A 2010 survey of parents of schoolchildren for the government of India reported that 50% of respondents were aware of PTAs or MTAs (Mother Teacher Associations) and 16% were members. There are plans to organize a PTA in the United Arab Emirates at government schools such as ATHS (Applied Technology High School). In the United Kingdom, parent–teacher associations are common and present in

6192-553: The school report cards as an extreme, there probably is a district official who can provide an explanation for it." The New Jersey Report Card program was selected for one of the National Governors Association ’s "Ideas That Work" in 1996. It was discussed at their annual conference, and a pamphlet describing its popularity with taxpayers and effectiveness was published by the NGA that year. Thomas Kean Thomas Howard Kean ( / ˈ k eɪ n / KAYN ; born April 21, 1935)

6278-477: The sister of former U.S. Attorney William F. Tompkins , and Joseph Shanahan to win seats in the New Jersey Assembly. At the start of the Assembly session in 1972, the New Jersey Assembly's then Democrat leadership sought to name S. Howard Woodson of Trenton as Speaker until Assemblyman David Friedland made a deal as one of four Democrats who voted to give the minority Republicans control of

6364-801: The spirit of the later PTA were also attempted across various locations. In the spring of Showa 21 (1946), the Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers announced the Report of the United States Education Mission to Japan . In the report, ideas that extend to the PTA were presented. In October Showa 27 (1952), the Japan Parents and Teachers National Association Formation Conference was held in Tokyo, and

6450-486: The state. Co-authored with former New Jersey Governor Brendan Byrne , Kean's immediate predecessor as New Jersey governor, the column, titled "Kean-Byrne Dialogue", addressed issues of the day and was published weekly by The Star-Ledger . Kean is also an advisor to, and has been inducted into, Alpha Phi Omega , a national service fraternity, and is a partner in Quad Partners, a private equity firm that invests in

6536-458: The tenth anniversary of the issuance of its report. It assessed how well the government was performing given in addressing terrorist threats and to meeting the commission's recommendations for preventing a future attack. Kean holds over 30 honorary degrees and numerous awards from environmental and educational organizations, including: In 2009, New York Waterways named the ferry Governor Thomas Kean in Kean's honor. On January 15, 2009,

6622-552: The withholding of state aid to inefficient schools. This was part of Governor Christine Todd Whitman ’s push to decrease administrative costs in education. The report cards are still issued, and their annual release attracts attention in large papers such as the New York Times. Governor Thomas Kean first broached the idea of school report cards in his 1988 State of the State address . He argued that "the more parents know,

6708-405: The years, such as the addition of Advanced Placement Program (AP) data in 2002. However, the main focus has remained unchanged and their contents continue to be reported on by large local papers. The New Jersey School Report Card program has been criticized by education professionals and activists for being unhelpful, making unfair comparisons and oversimplifying difficult issues. James A. Moran,

6794-582: Was Roger Stone , a self-proclaimed "GOP hitman." In striking contrast to his slim 1981 victory, Kean won re-election in 1985 with the largest margin of victory ever recorded in New Jersey gubernatorial history, defeating Peter Shapiro , then Essex County Executive , 70%–29%. Kean won every municipality in the state except Audubon Park and Chesilhurst in Camden County and Roosevelt in Monmouth County . As governor, Kean served on

6880-399: Was Elizabeth Stuyvesant Howard and his father, Robert Kean , was a U.S. representative from 1939 until 1959. Kean's grandfather Hamilton Fish Kean and great-uncle John Kean both served as U.S. senators from New Jersey. His second great-uncle was Hamilton Fish , a U.S. senator, governor of New York , and U.S. secretary of state . Kean is also descended from William Livingston , who

6966-651: Was a delegate to the Continental Congress , was the first governor of New Jersey , and is considered a founding father of New Jersey. Kean first attended The Potomac School in McLean, Virginia . When he reached fourth grade, he entered St. Albans School , a college preparatory boarding school in Washington, D.C. In 1946, at the age of eleven, Kean was enrolled at St. Mark's School , an Episcopalian private school in Southborough, Massachusetts that

7052-555: Was changed in December 1909 to Child Welfare as this was the organization's main concern at the time. By the 1930s, the magazine then featured longer articles by leading experts in fields such as education, health and child welfare. Starting in September 1934, the magazine received another makeover where it was published in an oversized format and renamed as the National Parent-Teacher, "to more definitely associate

7138-402: Was made more colorful and became Our Children in line with the founders' theme of the first convention that "All Children Are Our Children." In recent years, Our Children was published bi-monthly, five times per year and distributed to local and state PTA presidents, state PTA board members, state office personnel and a limited number of paid subscribers. In fall 2015, Our Children moved to

7224-421: Was replaced by PTA Today, publication that evolved from the former National PTA Bulletin and initially appeared in tabloid form for its first three years. Eventually, PTA Today returned to a typical magazine format that was circulated mostly to local PTA units and kept them abreast of National PTA events and programs and provided parenting information. The final major makeover took place in September 1995 when it

7310-513: Was the alma mater of his father and his two older brothers. After graduating from St. Mark's, Kean attended Princeton University . At Princeton, he completed a senior thesis on Julian Ursyn Niemcewicz , a key architect of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth 's constitution, entitled Niemcewicz (The Biography of a Polish Patriot, 1756-1842, Including His Impressions of America, 1797-1807) . While at Princeton, Kean participated in

7396-407: Was unable to obtain the endorsement of many county Republican chairmen, or from then U.S. President Ford despite having served as Ford's campaign director for the state of New Jersey the previous year. Bateman defeated Kean and won the nomination, though Bateman went on to lose the general election to Brendan Byrne . After the election, Governor Byrne appointed Kean as a commissioner on the board of

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