31-479: The Movement was a term coined in 1954 by J. D. Scott, literary editor of The Spectator , to describe a group of writers including Philip Larkin , Kingsley Amis , Donald Davie , D. J. Enright , John Wain , Elizabeth Jennings , Thom Gunn and Robert Conquest . The Movement was quintessentially English in character; poets from other parts of the United Kingdom were not involved. Although considered
62-692: A commissioning editor in a publishing house. Finding marketable ideas and presenting them to appropriate authors are the responsibilities of a sponsoring editor. Copy editors correct spelling , grammar and align writings to house style . Changes to the publishing industry since the 1980s have resulted in nearly all copy editing of book manuscripts being outsourced to freelance copy editors. At newspapers and wire services , press or copy editors write headlines and work on more substantive issues, such as ensuring accuracy, fairness, and taste. In some positions, they design pages and select news stories for inclusion. At British and Australian newspapers,
93-656: A literary group, members of the Movement saw themselves more as an actual literary movement , with each writer sharing a common purpose. To these poets, good poetry meant simple, sensuous content and traditional, conventional and dignified form. The Movement's importance includes its worldview, which took into account the collapse of the British Empire and the United Kingdom 's drastically reduced power and influence over world geo-politics. The group's objective
124-484: A negative determination to avoid bad principles". These 'bad principles' are usually described as "excess", both in terms of theme and stylistic devices. Poets in New Lines included Enright, Conquest, Kingsley Amis , Donald Davie , Thom Gunn , John Holloway , Elizabeth Jennings , Philip Larkin and John Wain . The polemical introduction to New Lines particularly targeted the 1940s poets and especially denounced
155-406: A person or an entity to convey a message or information. The editing process can involve correction, condensation, organization, and many other modifications performed with an intention of producing a correct, consistent, accurate and complete piece of work. The editing process often begins with the author's idea for the work itself, continuing as a collaboration between the author and the editor as
186-461: A product for its final release. The smaller the publication, the more these roles overlap. The top editor at many publications may be known as the chief editor , executive editor , or simply the editor. A frequent and highly regarded contributor to a magazine may acquire the title of editor-at-large or contributing editor . Mid-level newspaper editors often manage or help to manage sections, such as business, sports and features. In U.S. newspapers,
217-442: A research paper or report, and correcting errors in citations. From basics to more critical changes, these adjustments to the text can be categorized by the different terms within technical editing. There are policy edits, integrity edits, screening edits, copy clarification edits, format edits and mechanical style edits, language edits, etc. The two most common and broad are substantive editing and copy editing. Substantive editing
248-552: A team of in-house editors, rely on a network of individual contractors or both. Such firms are able to handle editing in a wide range of topics and genres, depending on the skills of individual editors. The services provided by these editors may be varied and can include proofreading , copy editing , online editing , developmental editing , editing for search engine optimization , etc. Self-employed editors work directly for clients (e.g., authors, publishers) or offer their services through editing firms, or both. They may specialize in
279-444: Is cinematic editing. Cinematic editing entails anything that is to be used as cinematic material, mainly films. Cinematic editing dates back to the early 1900's when American filmmaker, D.W. Griffith , produced the first films that essentially paved the way for the editing techniques that are still used today. The progression of technology brought about advancements in gear, which meant filmmakers were able to achieve new techniques in
310-407: Is a non-staff, independent literary editor. A consulting editor may be an independent, freelance editor, or a scholar providing expertise via consulting . This job-, occupation-, or vocation-related article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Editing Editing is the process of selecting and preparing written , visual , audible , or cinematic material used by
341-463: Is developmental because it guides the drafting process by providing essential building blocks to work off of. They work closely with the author to help supply ideas. Copy editing happens later in the drafting process and focuses on changing the text so that it's consistent throughout in terms of accuracy, style, flow, and so on. This is usually the preferred editing for the surface-level cleaning up of work. Large companies dedicate experienced writers to
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#1732787538978372-430: Is the main way of editing video clips, but in the 1900s, it was linear editing . As computer systems and software have developed, video clips are now able to be uploaded directly to the editing software, making the editing process quicker. With this evolution of editing, creativity has been sped up, editing has become easier, and there are now countless ways for writers to tell stories. In terms of editing visual content,
403-517: The ability to sustain focus while working through lengthy pieces of text on complex topics, tact in dealing with writers, and excellent communication skills. Additionally, one does not need an English major to partake but language aptitude certainly helps. Editing is a growing field of work in the service industry . There is little career training offered for editors. Paid editing services may be provided by specialized editing firms or by self-employed ( freelance ) editors. Editing firms may employ
434-471: The book publishing environment, while the roles of production editor and copy editor remain. However, another editor is sometimes involved in the creation of scholarly research articles. Called the authors' editor , this editor works with authors to get a manuscript fit for purpose before it is submitted to a scholarly journal for publication. The primary difference between copy editing scholarly books and journals and other sorts of copy editing lies in applying
465-405: The case of multi-author edited volumes , before the manuscript is delivered to the publisher it has undergone substantive and linguistic editing by the volume's editor, who works independently of the publisher. As for scholarly journals , where spontaneous submissions are more common than commissioned works, the position of journal editor or editor-in-chief replaces the acquisitions editor of
496-458: The continuous advancements in technology. As a result, the grounds and values of editing have changed as well. For instance, text is often shortened and simplified online because of the preference for quick answers among this generation. Additionally, the advancement in social issues has made it possible to offer easy access to vast amounts of information. Apart from editing written work, video editing has also evolved. Nowadays, non-linear editing
527-513: The decaying way of life in the villages as the English people moved away from the countryside and into urban ghettoization. The Movement produced two anthologies, Poets of the 1950s (edited by D. J. Enright , published in Japan, 1955) and New Lines (edited by Robert Conquest , 1956). Conquest, who edited the New Lines anthology, described the connection between the poets as "little more than
558-541: The emergence of new forms of media and language that have led to a move towards multimodality . Today, hardcopies and print are no longer the main focus of editing as new content like film and audio require different kinds of edits. Technical editing is now more commonly done using applications and websites on devices, which requires editors to be familiar with online platforms like Adobe Acrobat , Microsoft Office , and Google Docs . The significance and intentions behind editing have also changed, moving beyond print due to
589-422: The level below the top editor is usually the managing editor . In the book publishing industry, editors may organize anthologies and other compilations, produce definitive editions of a classic author's works (scholarly editor), and organize and manage contributions to a multi-author book (symposium editor or volume editor). Obtaining manuscripts or recruiting authors is the role of an acquisitions editor or
620-631: The literary legacy of Dylan Thomas , whom the Movement poets believed embodied, "everything they detested: verbal obscurity, metaphysical pretentiousness, and romantic rhapsodizing." In 1963, a sequel to the original New Lines anthology, titled New Lines 2 , was published. It included many of the authors from the original anthology, as well as younger English poets like Thomas Blackburn , Edwin Brock , Hilary Corke , John Fuller , Ted Hughes , Edward Lucie-Smith , Anthony Thwaite and Hugo Williams . The " Angry Young Men " movement occurred in 1956 during
651-423: The manipulation of different qualities of a photo. Today, there are a multitude of applications to choose from to edit the content or qualities of photos; PhotoShop is a common example, as well as other applications such as Adobe Lightroom. Modern photo editing techniques include, but are not limited to linearization, white balance, noise reduction, tone reproduction and compression. The other form of Visual editing
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#1732787538978682-404: The post-production process through editing. Editors went from physically cutting and rearranging film to working on virtual timelines using software like Davinci Resolve or Premiere pro . Technical editing involves reviewing text written on a technical topic, identifying usage errors and ensuring adherence to a style guide. It aims to improve the clarity of the text or message from the author to
713-595: The reader. Technical editing is actually the umbrella term for all the different kinds of edits that might occur. Technical editing may include the correction of grammatical mistakes, misspellings, mistyping, incorrect punctuation, inconsistencies in usage, poorly structured sentences, wrong scientific terms, wrong units and dimensions, inconsistency in significant figures, technical ambivalence, technical disambiguation, statements conflicting with general scientific knowledge, correction of synopsis, content, index, headings and subheadings, correcting data and chart presentation in
744-648: The standards of the publisher to the copy. Most scholarly publishers have a preferred style that usually specifies a particular dictionary and style manual—for example, The Chicago Manual of Style , the MLA Style Manual or the APA Publication Manual in the U.S., or the New Hart's Rules in the U.K. Editing has a long history dating back to the earliest times of written language. Over time, editing has evolved greatly, particularly with
775-557: The technical editing function. Organizations that cannot afford dedicated editors typically have experienced writers peer-edit text produced by less experienced colleagues. It helps if the technical editor is familiar with the subject being edited. The "technical" knowledge that an editor gains over time while working on a particular product or technology does give the editor an edge over another who has just started editing content related to that product or technology. General essential skills include attention to detail, patience, persistence,
806-486: The term is sub-editor . They may choose the layout of the publication and communicate with the printer. These editors may have the title of layout or design editor or (more so in the past) makeup editor . In film editing, many techniques are available for use, however, using one doesn't make your edit 'better' than if it were not to be used. Within the publishing environment, editors of scholarly books are of three main types, each with particular responsibilities: In
837-600: The turning point of the Movement. David Lodge attributed the Movement's decline to the publication of the New Lines anthology. After these events, the Movement became less exclusive. Members were no longer required to fight and defend one another's work, for they had become accepted members of the literary world. The Movement was succeeded in the 1960s by “ The Group ”, whose members included Philip Hobsbaum , Alan Brownjohn , Adrian Mitchell , Peter Porter , Edward Lucie-Smith, George MacBeth , Ian Hamilton 's Review school and Michael Horovitz 's "Children of Albion". The Group
868-428: The two main forms would be photo and cinematic. Photo editing has evolved considerably from humble means, dating back to the early 20th century. During the 1920s, photographers established a new discipline of creative editing by creating collages from multiple photos. By the late 1980's, it became possible to computerize images by running physical photos through a scanner. Over time, software began to develop, aimed toward
899-453: The work is created. Editing can involve creative skills, human relations and a precise set of methods. Practicing editing can be a surefire way to reduce language error in future literature works. There are various editorial positions in publishing. Typically, one finds editorial assistants reporting to the senior-level editorial staff and directors who report to senior executive editors. Senior executive editors are responsible for developing
930-477: Was similar to the Movement; they shared similar ideas about the form and seriousness of modernist poetry. Literary editor A literary editor is an editor in a newspaper , magazine or similar publication who deals with aspects concerning literature and books , especially reviews. A literary editor may also help with editing books themselves, by providing services such as proof reading , copy-editing , and literary criticism . A consulting editor
961-553: Was to prove the importance of traditional English poetry , over the American-led innovations of modernist poetry . The members of the Movement were not anti-modernity but they were opposed to modernist literature , which was reflected in the Englishness of their poetry. The Movement sparked the divisions among different types of British poetry. Their poems were nostalgic for an older England and filled with rural images of