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44-477: Envisioned as a broad coalition of pro-Serb parties of Montenegro centred around Serb List coalition of 2006, NOVA was planned to include Democratic Serb Party as well as various Serb cultural and political organisations. However, the merger was more limited, as only the Serb People's Party , People's Socialist Party and "Matica Boke " cultural organisation came to a merger agreement. New Serb Democracy

88-466: A change of total number of deputies in the parliament. Current assembly convening comprises 81 deputies. The Parliament has 81 members (deputies) elected by a D'Hondt method system of proportional representation for a four-year term. The 81 seats of the Parliament of Montenegro are elected in a single nationwide constituency by closed list proportional representation . Seats are allocated using

132-625: A custom to grant the region to the heir of the throne or some other member of the royal family. In 1219, two dioceses of the Serbian Orthodox Church were created on the territory of modern-day Montenegro, Eparchy of Zeta centered in the Monastery of Holy Archangel Michael on Prevlaka , and Eparchy of Budimlja centered in the Monastery of Đurđevi Stupovi . Several other monasteries also date to this period, such as: Morača , Praskvica , Vranjina , and others. Serbian Despotate

176-667: A new constitutional amendment so that the national symbols of Montenegro (adopted in 2004) could be changed to represent the entirety of Montenegro. The party also demands that the Serbian language enters the Constitution of Montenegro as the official language. New Serb Democracy jointly with Democratic People's Party maintains cooperation with the largest party in Republika Srpska (entity within Bosnia and Herzegovina)

220-505: A result of more moderate politics of the new party, a series of the opposition uniting attempts follows. In 2009 parliamentary election New Serb Democracy ran independently and won 9.2% of the votes, and 8 seats. Shortly after the election party enters a big tent and pro-EU A Better Montenegro coalition, which includes the entire parliamentary opposition at the time (NSD, PzP and the SNP ). The coalition eventually collapsed after bad results at

264-592: A seasonal influx of Serbs in Montenegro, during the summers. Despite the geopolitical separation, the economic balance and relationship shared between the two countries continues to be strong. The national language of Montenegro has historically and traditionally been called Serbian. According to Pavle Ivić , two sub-dialects of the Shtokavian dialect (of the Serbian language ) were spoken in Montenegro:

308-527: Is a traditional cap worn by Montenegrins and Montenegrin Serbs, originally in the shape of a flat cylinder , having a red upper surface (called tepeluk ) not dissimilar to the Herzegovina and Lika caps . It was wholly red until Prince-Bishop Petar II Petrović Njegoš surrounded it with a black rim (called derevija ), and the definition given was as a sign of grief of occupied Kosovo . The Kosovo Myth

352-612: Is backed by a small percentage of the Orthodox Christians in Montenegro. The government has recognized the church, however none of the Eastern Orthodox churches have. The leader is the controversial Miraš Dedeić , a former Serbian Orthodox clergyman with Serbian nationalist views who, after being suspended from the Serbian Church, went to Rome and became a Greek Orthodox clergyman. The Montenegrin cap

396-494: Is led by Andrija Mandić , leader of the former Serb People's Party. Mandić sought to transform the Serb List coalition into a more moderate and civic-oriented party, in order to boost the party's coalition potential, and even the dropping the "Serb" prefix from the newly formed party's name was considered. This idea was met with strong resistance during the merger talks. A new party was finally established on 24 January 2009. As

440-639: Is the last independent medieval Serb state and it included most of modern-day Montenegro. Montenegro saw independence under the Petrović-Njegoš dynasty , at first as a principality and then as a kingdom. Both the Kingdom of Serbia and the Kingdom of Montenegro fought together as independent states in the Balkan Wars and in the First World War. At the end of the war in 1918 tensions arose between

484-547: The 2006 independence referendum , the Parliament declared and ratified the independence of Montenegro on 3 June 2006. Members of the Parliament are elected using proportional representation . The Parliament of Montenegro was initially established by the Constitution of the Principality of Montenegro in 1905 and was called the Popular Assembly ( Narodna skupština ). It had a limited legislative role, limited by

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528-768: The Alliance of Independent Social Democrats . The party also maintains very close cooperation with the largest party in Serbia Serbian Progressive Party and traditionally maintains good relations with the government in Serbia, regardless of the party in charge. Serbs in Montenegro Overseas Serbs of Montenegro ( Serbian : Срби у Црној Гори / Srbi u Crnoj Gori ) or Montenegrin Serbs ( Serbian : Црногорcки Cрби / Crnogorski Srbi ), compose native and

572-575: The Eastern Herzegovinian dialect and Zeta-South Sanjak dialect . The Eastern Herzegovinian dialect is spoken in Montenegro, Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina and Croatia. Today, the national standard is based on the Zeta-South Sanjak dialect. Some 42.9% of the population of the country speak Serbian as their mother tongue, including 37% of the declared Montenegrins. Serbian was the official language of Montenegro until 2007 when

616-811: The Montenegrin National Assembly , and later the National Assembly . This lasted until 1946, when a new Assembly was elected for the Socialist Republic of Montenegro , a constituent republic within the SFR Yugoslavia . The current parliament is the 23rd since the foundation of the Parliament. The Parliament appoints the Prime Minister nominated by the President , as well as the ministers chosen by

660-830: The Montenegrin Orthodox Church from the jurisdiction of the Serbian Orthodox Church . The Montenegrin language eventually gained international recognition and was assigned the ISO 639-2 and -3 code [cnr] in December 2017. However, the Montenegrin Orthodox Church is canonically unrecognized as of 2021. In 2006, the NGO Serbian People's Council of Montenegro was created, headed by Momčilo Vuksanović , and in 2008 an official representative electoral body of Serbs in Montenegro

704-527: The Montenegrin referendum in 1992 which ended with a 95.96% of votes in favour for a state union with Serbia and with the changing of the socialist political system towards a multi-party one. The country was renamed Federal Republic of Yugoslavia . In this period between 1990 and 1998 Montenegro was ruled by Momir Bulatović who had close relations with the Serbian president Slobodan Milošević and who

748-732: The Serbian Orthodox Church , the strongest religious institution of Montenegro (with a total of 460,383 followers or 74%). One of the largest places of worship is the Cathedral of the Resurrection of Christ in Podgorica . The future of the Serbian Orthodox Church in Montenegro has been threatened by the newly formed Montenegrin Orthodox Church which has claimed Serbian Orthodox churches in Montenegro, and

792-446: The d'Hondt method with a three percent electoral threshold . Minority groups that account for up to 15 percent of the population are given an exemption that lowers the electoral threshold to 0.7 percent if their list fails to cross the three percent threshold. For ethnic Croats , if no list representing the population passes the 0.7 percent threshold, the list with the most votes will win one seat if it receives more than 0.35 percent of

836-522: The second largest ethnic group in Montenegro (32.93% of country's population), after the ethnic Montenegrins . Additional 0.47% of the population is made up of Serbs-Montenegrins ( Срби-Црногорци / Srbi-Crnogorci ) and Montenegrins-Serbs ( Црногорци-Cрби / Crnogorci-Srbi ). During the Slavic migrations of the 6th and 7th centuries, most of the territory of modern-day Montenegro

880-550: The " For the Future of Montenegro " coalition. The list went on to win 32.55% of the votes and 27 seats, out of which 9 went to NOVA. Andrija Mandić , president of New Serb Democracy was that party's and Democratic Front presidential candidate for the 2023 Montenegrin presidential election . He ended up being third, receiving 65,385 votes (19.32%). New Serb Democracy, alongside Movement for Changes and Democratic People's Party , decided to dissolve Democratic Front coalition on

924-703: The 14th of May 2023. New Serb Democracy participated in the 2023 Montenegrin Parliamentary election as a member of the " For the Future of Montenegro " coalition. The list went on to win 14.76% of the votes and 13 seats, out of which 9 went to NOVA. Andrija Mandić , president of New Serb Democracy was elected the Speaker of the Parliament on the 30th of October 2023. Initially, the party tried to position itself as moderately conservative and centre-right political organization, willingly to compromise with traditionally Montenegrin parties, supporting accession to

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968-462: The 2009-10 municipal elections. Just before the 2012 parliamentary election , the party re-joins coalition with the PzP, this time as part of the originally-big tent and populist Democratic Front alliance led by moderate politician and former diplomat Miodrag Lekić . At the election, Democratic Front finished second with 22.8% of the votes and 20 seats, out of which NOVA won 8. In 2015, Lekić split from

1012-567: The European Union and advocating rights for the Serb ethnic minority in more democratic and institutional manner, unlike its predecessor, the Serb People's Party . In recent years, the party has shifted its stances to the right, but still fully supporting accession to the European Union , provided that a referendum be held on this topic. The party is currently the main advocate of Serbian-Montenegrin unionism . NOVA has repeatedly requested

1056-631: The Fatherland known as the Chetniks . At the end of the war the socialist Yugoslavia was created and the two became republics within the Yugoslav federation. Yugoslav Partisan Milovan Đilas described himself as a Montenegrin Serb and described Montenegro as the spiritual homeland of Serbs, saying "I am not a Montenegrin because I am a Serb, but a Serb because I am a Montenegrin. We Montenegrins are

1100-777: The Greens. During the period of the monarchic Yugoslavia, ruled by the Serbian Karađorđević dynasty , the tensions between Serbs and Croats were increasing and most of the Montenegrin politicians supported the Serbian proposed centralised state. During the Second World War both Serbs and Montenegrins were very active in both resistance movements, the Yugoslav Partisans and the Yugoslav Army in

1144-470: The Higher Court in Montenegro for the " plotting to commit terrorist acts and undermine the constitutional order of Montenegro in an alleged coup d'état which allegedly took place on the day of 2016 parliamentary election ." In February 2021, the appellate court annulled the first instance verdict on all counts of the indictment. In the 2020 parliamentary election NOVA participated as a member of

1188-595: The Prime Minister. Parliament also passes all laws in Montenegro, ratifies international treaties, appoints justices of all courts, adopts the budget and performs other duties as established by the Constitution . The Parliament can pass a vote of no-confidence in the Government with a majority of the members. A deputy has a four-year term. One deputy is elected per 6,000 voters, which in turn results in

1232-520: The alliance due to internal disagreements with leadership of constituent parties, having decided to form a new liberal-conservative political party, DEMOS . The party faction led by Vice President Goran Danilović leaves the party and joins Lekić's new party. During the parliamentary election held in 2016, Democratic Front was again second ranked electoral list with 20,32% of the votes and 18 seats, out of which NOVA again won 8. On 9 May 2019, party leader Mandić and 13 another people were found guilty by

1276-595: The authority of the Knjaz (Prince). The first parliament was constituted in 1906. Following the incorporation of the Kingdom of Montenegro into the Kingdom of Yugoslavia in 1918, the Parliament of Montenegro was disbanded until World War II . The Parliament was reinstated in 1944, in the form of the Montenegrin Anti-Fascist Assembly of National Liberation (CASNO) , which changed its name to

1320-410: The country. The percentage of Serbs in municipalities of Montenegro is as follows: Parliament of Montenegro Government support (5) Opposition (27) The Parliament of Montenegro ( Montenegrin : Skupština Crne Gore / Скупштина Црне Горе ) is the unicameral legislature of Montenegro . The Parliament currently has 81 members, with each member elected to a four-year term. Following

1364-531: The creation of a separate Montenegrin language , regarded before as a dialect of the Serbian language , including the creation of a new Montenegrin Cyrillic alphabet which shares the same letters with the Serbian Cyrillic alphabet except for the addition of two new letters. The Serb population of Montenegro is opposed to the idea of a linguistic separation, just as they are opposed to the separation of

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1408-474: The five small stripes on the top represent the remaining remains of the once greater Serbian realm, which became increasingly popular amongst the common folk during the reign of Prince Danilo I Petrović-Njegoš . Within the stripes is angled a six star, representing the last free part, Montenegro, shining upon the fallen and conquered. Worn by the rulers and chieftains, the version with the Four Ocil symbol in

1452-499: The new Constitution of Montenegro replaced the Constitution of 1992. Amid opposition from pro-Serbian parties, Montenegrin language was made the sole official language of the country and Serbian was given the status of a recognised minority language along with Bosnian , Albanian , and Croatian . Since 2006, both in linguistic and other aspects of cultural life, ethnic Serbs of Montenegro have been exposed to gradual "non-coercive" "Montenegrinisation". The Serbs are adherents of

1496-490: The salt of the Serbs. All the strength of the Serbs is not here [in Montenegro] but their soul is." Đilas also has said "The Montenegrins are, despite provincial and historical differences, quintessentially Serbs, and Montenegro the cradle of Serbian myths and of aspirations for the unification of Serbs.". After the separation of Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina and Macedonia in 1991 and 1992, SR Montenegro held

1540-549: The star's place had become across the years with growth of nationalism excessively popular amongst the ordinary people, the symbol of the Serbian Orthodox Church , which effectively worked on maintaining and raising the national identity. According to the 2023 census, Serbs are the second largest ethnic group and constitute 32.93% of the population of Montenegro. They are absolute majority in five and relative majority in another four municipalities, and constitute less than 20% of population in only seven out of total 25 municipalities in

1584-555: The supreme rule of the Byzantine Empire . The Serb regions of Duklja and Travunija broke away from Byzantine rule c. 1034–1042, under prince Stefan Vojislav , founder of the Vojislavljević dynasty . His son Mihailo I Vojislavljević (d. 1081) liberated Zahumlje and inner Serbia , creating a united Serbian polity and taking the title of king (c. 1077). The reign of his son, King Constantine Bodin (d. 1100),

1628-424: The two states - a change which was officiated by the referendum on Montenegrin independence on 21 May 2006. A total of 419,240 votes were cast, representing 86.5% of the total electorate. Of them, 230,661 votes or 55.5% were in favour of independence and 185,002 votes or 44.5% were against. Since independence, the Montenegrin society has been divided among many issues. The independence supporters are advocating for

1672-658: The two states as the Montenegrin Whites with Serbian support deposed Nicholas I of Montenegro and proclaimed Montenegro's unification with Serbia as part of Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (renamed into Kingdom of Yugoslavia in 1929), while the Montenegrin Greens opposed it. The conflict led to the Christmas Uprising , in which the Whites with support from the Serbian army defeated

1716-609: Was followed by a period of regional fragmentation, lasting throughout much of the 12th century. After 1180, all of what is today Montenegro came under the rule of Grand Prince Stefan Nemanja , the founder of the Nemanjić dynasty . The region of Zeta , formerly known as Duklja, became a crown land of the united Serbian state. It was given to Vukan Nemanjić (d. 1208), the oldest son of Stefan Nemanja, and later to crown prince Stefan Radoslav , son of King Stefan Nemanjić , who succeeded his father as Serbian King in 1228. Thus it became

1760-573: Was formed as the Serbian National Council of Montenegro , with Momčilo Vuksanović as president. The links between the two nations remain strong, and the fact that for the last two centuries a great number of Montenegrins had emigrated to Serbia further strengthens the ties. The Montenegrin littoral is still the main tourist destination for citizens of Serbia, and a large population of Serbians own property in Montenegro. Many of these properties consist of summer homes, and contribute to

1804-482: Was known to be much less sympathetic towards the Serbo-Montenegrin ties and would become an open supporter of the independence of Montenegro. In 2003, three years after the fall of Milošević in 2000, and after insisting on international diplomacy, the former Yugoslavia became known as the state union of Serbia and Montenegro . The process of becoming a single state union ironically lead to the separation of

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1848-551: Was settled by Serbs (which are the ancestors of modern Montenegrins ) who they created several Serb principalities in the region; In southern parts of modern Montenegro, Principality of Duklja was formed, while western parts belonged to the Principality of Travunija . Northern parts of modern Montenegro belonged to the inner Principality of Serbia . All of those early polities were described in historiographical works of Byzantine Emperor Constantine VII Porphyrogenetos (944–959). In 1018, all of Serbian principalities came under

1892-520: Was very popular in the Prince-Bishopric of Montenegro . The enforcement of the cap upon the Montenegrin chieftains by Peter II was a mark of expression of then's dominating Serbian national identity. The national telling recorded the most often version of the cap as following: the black wrapper was a sign of grief for the once big Empire , the red the bloody defeat at the Battle of Kosovo and

1936-481: Was very supportive to keep close ties between the two republics within the state union. Montenegro was also included by the economic sanctions imposed on Serbia during the 1990s. During the 1999 NATO bombing of Yugoslavia both Serbia and Montenegro suffered the attacks of the NATO forces and several targets inside Montenegro were also bombarded. All this contributed to the rise in power in Montenegro of Milo Đukanović who

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