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55-608: It was closed on 31 March 2010 for demolition. It was replaced by the New World Group's new 63-storey tower and hotel by the Rosewood Hotel Group , and opened in 2019. 22°17′40.29″N 114°10′27.09″E  /  22.2945250°N 114.1741917°E  / 22.2945250; 114.1741917 This article about a Hong Kong building or structure is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Victoria Dockside Victoria Dockside

110-547: A 284-metre skyscraper designed by architectural firm Kohn Pedersen Fox; it is currently the 8th-tallest building in Hong Kong . The site was developed in 1910 as Holt's Wharf . It first acted as a railway hub and was once considered one of the world's major ports. In 1971, the site was sold to New World Development , which developed the area during the 1970s commencing the construction of the New World Centre and

165-438: A cheap and reliable source of clean water. To enhance irrigation in arid environments, ridges of soil are constructed to trap and prevent rainwater from running down hills and slopes. Even in periods of low rainfall , enough water is collected for crops to grow. Water can be collected from roofs, dams and ponds can be constructed to hold large quantities of rainwater so that even on days when little to no rainfall occurs, enough

220-575: A feasible option for rural areas since less material is required to construct them. They can provide a reliable water source that can be utilized to expand agricultural outputs. Above-ground tanks can collect water for domestic use ; however, such units can be unaffordable to people in poverty. Rainwater harvesting is a widely used method of storing rainwater in countries presenting with drought characteristics. Several pieces of research have derived and developed different criteria and techniques to select suitable sites for harvesting rainwater. Some research

275-574: A large cistern dating back to around 2500 BC was discovered that had a capacity of nearly 1,700 m (60,000 cu ft). It was carved out of a solid rock, lined with large stones, and sealed with clay to keep it from leaking. The Greek island of Crete is also known for its use of large cisterns for rainwater collection and storage during the Minoan period from 2,600 BC–1,100 BC. Four large cisterns have been discovered at Myrtos-Pyrgos , Archanes , and Zakroeach. The cistern found at Myrtos-Pyrgos

330-432: A methodology for rainwater harvesting, and found that the building design (e.g., dimensions) and function (e.g., educational, residential, etc.) play critical roles in the environmental performance of the system. To address the functional parameters of rainwater harvesting systems, a new metric was developed – the demand to supply ratio (D/S) – identifying the ideal building design (supply) and function (demand) in regard to

385-448: A professional from outside the community are more friendly to the environment and more likely to benefit the local people for a longer period of time. Thus, rainwater harvesting systems that could be installed and maintained by local people have bigger chances to be accepted and used by more people. The usage of in-situ technologies can reduce investment costs in rainwater harvesting. In-situ technologies for rainwater harvesting could be

440-440: A rainwater collection system based on man-made insulated collection wells. Water percolated down the specially designed stone flooring, and was filtered by a layer of sand, then collected at the bottom of the well. Later, as Venice acquired territories on the mainland, it started to import water by boat from local rivers. Still, the wells remained in use and were especially important in times of war when an enemy could block access to

495-534: A result, care must be taken to ensure that female mosquitoes can not access the cistern to lay eggs. Larvae eating fish can also be added to the cistern, or it can be chemically treated. Rainwater harvesting is becoming a procedure that many Canadians are incorporating into their daily lives, although data does not give exact figures for implementation. Rainwater can be used for a number of purposes including stormwater reduction, irrigation , laundry and portable toilets. In addition to low costs, rainwater harvesting

550-403: A storage capacity of 100 cubic meters. The water is mainly used for toilet flushing, watering plants and cleaning the air conditioning system. Rainwater harvesting was adopted at The Velodrome – The London Olympic Park – in order to increase the sustainability of the facility. A 73% decrease in potable water demand by the park was estimated. Despite this, it was deemed that rainwater harvesting

605-642: A total of 435,156 square feet and includes a 270-degree view of Victoria Harbor. It also holds two green building certifications (U.S. LEED Platinum pre-certification and the Hong Kong BEAM Plus provisional status). The façade of K11 Atelier is integrated with a photovoltaic solar system. The Victoria Dockside development is home to the 413 room Rosewood Hong Kong hotel. 22°17′41.87″N 114°10′31.56″E  /  22.2949639°N 114.1754333°E  / 22.2949639; 114.1754333 Rainwater harvesting Rainwater harvesting ( RWH )

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660-552: A viable way to help meet the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals for cleaner and sustainable cities, health and wellbeing, and food and water security ( Sustainable Development Goal 6 ). The technology is available, however, it needs to be remodeled in order to use water more efficiently, especially in an urban setting. Missions to five Caribbean countries have shown that the capture and storage of rainwater runoff for later use

715-601: A water source to developing regions facing poverty, the average cost for an RWH setup can be costly depending on the type of technology used. Governmental aid and NGOs can assist communities facing poverty by providing the materials and education necessary to develop and maintain RWH setups. Some studies show that rainwater harvesting is a widely applicable solution for water scarcity and other multiple usages, owing to its cost-effectiveness and eco-friendliness. Constructing new substantial, centralized water supply systems, such as dams,

770-699: A way to replenish groundwater levels. Kenya has already been successfully harvesting rainwater for toilets, laundry, and irrigation. Since the establishment of the 2016 Water Act, Kenya has prioritized regulating its agriculture industry. Additionally, areas in Australia use harvested rainwater for cooking and drinking. Studies by Stout et al. on the feasibility of RWH in India found it most beneficial for small-scale irrigation, which provides income from produce sales, and for groundwater recharge. In regards to urban agriculture, rainwater harvesting in urban areas reduces

825-587: Is a clean source of water, often better than groundwater or water from rivers or lakes, the process of collection and storage often leaves the water polluted and non-potable. Rainwater harvested from roofs can contain human, animal and bird feces , mosses and lichens , windblown dust, particulates from urban pollution, pesticides, and inorganic ions from the sea ( Ca , Mg , Na , K , Cl , SO4 ), and dissolved gases ( CO 2 , NO x , SO x ). High levels of pesticide have been found in rainwater in Europe with

880-425: Is a common practice used in the industry to keep the system healthy and ensure that the water entering the tank is free of large sediments. A concept of rainwater harvesting and cleaning it with solar energy for rural household drinking purposes has been developed by Nimbkar Agricultural Research Institute . Conceptually, a water supply system should match the quality of water with the end-user. However, in most of

935-740: Is a major renewable resource for any land. Vast areas are being covered by solar PV panels every year in all parts of the world. Solar panels can also be used for harvesting most of the rainwater falling on them and drinking quality water, free from bacteria and suspended matter, can be generated by simple filtration and disinfection processes as rainwater is very low in salinity . Exploiting rainwater for value-added products like bottled drinking water makes solar PV power plants profitable even in high rainfall or cloudy areas by generating additional income. Recently, cost-effective rainwater collection in existing wells has been found highly effective in raising groundwater levels in India. The Groasis Waterboxx

990-403: Is a property development on the waterfront of Tsim Sha Tsui , Hong Kong near East Tsim Sha Tsui station . The development opened in stages between 2018 and 2019 at a cost of US$ 2.6 billion. First founded in 1910, the site was originally known as Holt's Wharf . The development includes K11 Musea, a shopping centre; serviced apartments, office space, and a hotel. The development is home to

1045-709: Is a retail complex located in the Tsim Sha Tsui promenade front within the Victoria Dockside development, Hong Kong . The project is developed by the K11 Group, part of New World Development , and opened in August 2019. K11 Musea was conceived by the K11 Group and its founder Adrian Cheng . K11 Musea’s name is said to derive from “A Muse by the Sea”. The complex will include a public art collection and

1100-504: Is able to significantly reduce the risk of losing some or all of the year's harvest because of soil or water scarcity . In addition, the risks associated with flooding and soil erosion during high rainfall seasons would decrease. Small farmers, especially those farming on hillsides, could benefit the most from rainwater harvesting because they are able to capture runoff and decrease the effects of soil erosion. Many countries, especially those with arid environments, use rainwater harvesting as

1155-497: Is an example of low scale technology, in this case to assist planting of trees in arid area. It harvests rainwater and dew. Rainwater harvesting provides the independent water supply during regional water restrictions, and in developed countries, it is often used to supplement the main supply. It provides water when a drought occurs, can help mitigate flooding of low-lying areas, and reduces demand on wells which may enable groundwater levels to be sustained. Rainwater harvesting increases

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1210-467: Is available to irrigate crops. Frankfurt Airport has the largest rainwater harvesting system in Germany, saving approximately 1 million cubic meters of water per year. The cost of the system was 1.5 million dm (US$ 63,000) in 1993. This system collects water from the roofs of the new terminal which has an area of 26,800 square meters. The water is collected in the basement of the airport in six tanks with

1265-719: Is claimed that in the South East of England there is less water available per person than in many Mediterranean countries. The construction and use of cisterns to store rainwater can be traced back to the Neolithic Age , when waterproof lime plaster cisterns were built in the floors of houses in village locations of the Levant , a large area in Southwest Asia, south of the Taurus Mountains , bounded by

1320-454: Is collected for crops to grow. Water can be collected from roofs and tanks can be constructed to hold large quantities of rainwater. In addition, rainwater harvesting decreases the demand for water from wells, enabling groundwater levels to be further sustained rather than depleted. Life-cycle assessment is a methodology used to evaluate the environmental impacts of a system from cradle-to-grave of its lifetime. Devkota et al, developed such

1375-439: Is often harvested to be used as a supplemental source of water rather than the main source, but the harvesting of rainwater can also decrease a household's water costs or overall usage levels. Rainwater is safe to drink if the consumers do additional treatments before drinking. Boiling water helps to kill germs. Adding another supplement to the system such as a first flush diverter is also a common procedure to avoid contaminants of

1430-554: Is one of the simplest and oldest methods of self-supply of water for households, having been used in South Asia and other countries for many thousands of years. Installations can be designed for different scales, including households, neighborhoods, and communities, and can also serve institutions such as schools, hospitals, and other public facilities. Rooftop rainwater harvesting is used to provide drinking water, domestic water, water for livestock, water for small irrigation, and

1485-527: Is prone to damage local ecosystems, generates external social costs, and has limited usages, especially in developing countries or impoverished communities. On the other hand, installing rainwater harvesting systems is verified by a number of studies to provide local communities a sustainable water source, accompanied by other various benefits, including protection from flood and control of water runoff, even in poor regions. Rainwater harvesting systems that do not require major construction or periodic maintenance by

1540-500: Is set to be completed by 2019. The project aims to foment art, culture, and design in Hong Kong. The K11 Musea building consists of ten floors and an outdoor plaza. The project's design architects include James Corner (James Corner Field Operations), Forth Bagley (Kohn Pedersen Fox), and LAAB Architects. The outdoor plaza is a 2,000 square-feet sunken plaza modelled as an amphitheater. The architecture also includes 50,000 square feet of green walls . The developer claims certifications of

1595-417: Is substantially free of salinity and other salts. Applications of rainwater harvesting in urban water system provides a substantial benefit for both water supply and wastewater subsystems by reducing the need for clean water in water distribution systems, less generated stormwater in sewer systems , and a reduction in stormwater runoff polluting freshwater bodies. A large body of work has focused on

1650-704: Is the collection and storage of rain , rather than allowing it to run off. Rainwater is collected from a roof-like surface and redirected to a tank , cistern , deep pit ( well , shaft, or borehole ), aquifer , or a reservoir with percolation , so that it seeps down and restores the ground water. Rainwater harvesting differs from stormwater harvesting as the runoff is typically collected from roofs and other area surfaces for storage and subsequent reuse. Its uses include watering gardens, livestock , irrigation , domestic use with proper treatment, and domestic heating. The harvested water can also be used for long-term storage or groundwater recharge . Rainwater harvesting

1705-765: Is useful for landscape irrigation . Many Canadians have started implementing rainwater harvesting systems for use in stormwater reduction, irrigation, laundry, and lavatory plumbing. Provincial and municipal legislation is in place for regulating the rights and uses for captured rainwater. Substantial reform to Canadian law since the mid-2000s has increased the use of this technology in agricultural, industrial, and residential use, but ambiguity remains amongst legislation in many provinces. Bylaws and local municipal codes often regulate rainwater harvesting. While rainwater harvesting in an urban context has gained traction in recent years, evidence points toward rainwater harvesting in rural India since ancient times. Rainwater harvesting in

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1760-563: The Mediterranean Sea in the west, the Arabian Desert in the south, and Mesopotamia in the east. By the late 4000 BC , cisterns were essential elements of emerging water management techniques used in dry-land farming . Many ancient cisterns have been discovered in some parts of Jerusalem and throughout what is today Israel/Palestine. At the site believed by some to be that of the biblical city of Ai (Khirbet et-Tell),

1815-727: The Middle East . RWH is useful for developing areas as it collects water for irrigation and domestic purposes. However, the gathered water should be adequately filtered to ensure safe drinking. Rainwater may need to be analyzed properly, and used in a way appropriate to its safety. In the Gansu province, for example, solar water disinfection is used by boiling harvested rainwater in parabolic solar cookers before being used for drinking. These so-called " appropriate technology " methods provide low-cost disinfection options for treatment of stored rainwater for drinking. While rainwater itself

1870-749: The Empire. For example, in Pompeii , rooftop water storage was common before the construction of the aqueduct in the 1st century BC. This history continued with the Byzantine Empire; for example, the Basilica Cistern in Istanbul. Though little known, the town of Venice for centuries depended on rainwater harvesting. The lagoon surrounding Venice is brackish water, which is unsuitable for drinking. Venice's ancient inhabitants established

1925-488: The New World Centre for demolition. In 2012, it started the development of the Victoria Dockside, which was named after Victoria Harbour as well as the site's former name, ‘’Holt’s Wharf’’. The project was led by Adrian Cheng , and includes participation of over a hundred international and local architects and designers. The development was completed in 2019 and includes Rosewood Hotel and residences. In 2021,

1980-632: The Regent Hong Kong (later renamed InterContinental Hong Kong ). The project was completed in 1982, and also included a shopping complex, residential, offices and apartments. The New World Centre was considered one of the largest commercial complexes in the world during this time. The site became popular amongst locals and tourists, and hosted numerous events including the LEGO International Exhibition and Hong Kong-Beijing Rally. In 2010, New World Development closed

2035-484: The U.S. LEED (gold standard) and the Hong Kong BEAM Plus (gold standard). There is further claim that the development will include rainwater harvesting and that interior parts of the building will be made in part of natural limestone and wood . K11 Artus is a residential area within Victoria Dockside, Hong Kong . It was inaugurated in 2019 as part of a US$ 2.6 billion development, and has engaged New York–based architectural studio Kohn Pedersen Fox to design

2090-579: The United Kingdom is a practice of growing importance. Rainwater harvesting in the UK is both a traditional and a reviving technique for collecting water for domestic uses. The water is generally used for non-hygienic purposes like watering gardens, flushing toilets, and washing clothes. In commercial premises like supermarkets it is used for things like toilet flushing where larger tank systems can be used collecting between 1000 and 7500 litres of water. It

2145-435: The availability of water during dry seasons by increasing the levels of dried borewells and wells. Surface water supply is readily available for various purposes thus reducing dependence on underground water. It improves the quality of ground by diluting salinity. It does not cause pollution and is environmentally friendly. It is cost-effective and easily affordable. It also helps in the availability of potable water, as rainwater

2200-616: The available surface water fully for use in the dry season. Rainwater harvesting systems can range in complexity, from systems that can be installed with minimal skills, to automated systems that require advanced setup and installation. The basic rainwater harvesting system is more of a plumbing job than a technical job, as all the outlets from the building's terrace are connected through a pipe to an underground tank that stores water. There are common components that are installed in such systems, such as pre-filters (see e.g. vortex filter ), drains/gutters, storage containers, and depending on whether

2255-513: The benefit of increasing water quality released and decreasing the volume of water released during combined sewer overflow events. Generally, check dams are constructed across the streams to enhance the percolation of surface water into the subsoil strata. The water percolation in the water-impounded area of the check dams can be enhanced artificially manyfold by loosening the subsoil strata and ANFO explosives as used in open cast mining . Thus, local aquifers can be recharged quickly using

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2310-400: The building and Hong Kong–based architectural firm AFSO for its interiors. The office component of the development, called K11 Atelier, comprises 15 storeys of the main tower. The K11 Atelier was founded in 2017. The building's interior was designed by Japanese Design Studio Simplicity. The building's main lobby includes a community space and a breakout area. The K11 Atelier comprises

2365-409: The captured water. For low-tech systems, many low-tech methods are used to capture rainwater: rooftop systems, surface water capture, and pumping the rainwater that has already soaked into the ground or captured in reservoirs and storing it in tanks (cisterns). Good quality water resources near populated areas are becoming scarce and costly for consumers. In addition to solar and wind energy, rainwater

2420-466: The developed world, high-quality potable water is used for all end uses. This approach wastes money and energy and imposes unnecessary impacts on the environment. Supplying rainwater that has gone through preliminary filtration measures for non-potable water uses, such as toilet flushing, irrigation, and laundry, may be a significant part of a sustainable water management strategy. Rainwater cisterns can also act as habitat for pathogen-bearing mosquitoes. As

2475-433: The development of life cycle assessment and its costing methodologies to assess the level of environmental impacts and money that can be saved by implementing rainwater harvesting systems. Rainwater harvesting provides an independent water supply during water restrictions. In areas where clean water is costly, or difficult to come by, rainwater harvesting is a critical source of clean water. In developed countries, rainwater

2530-424: The environmental performance of rainwater harvesting for toilet flushing. With the idea that supply of rainwater not only saves the potable water but also saves the stormwater entering the combined sewer network (thereby requiring treatment), the savings in environmental emissions were higher if the buildings are connected to a combined sewer network compared to separate one. Although standard RWH systems can provide

2585-424: The highest concentrations occurring in the first rain immediately after a dry spell; the concentration of these and other contaminants are reduced significantly by diverting the initial flow of run-off water to waste. Improved water quality can also be obtained by using a floating draw-off mechanism (rather than from the base of the tank) and by using a series of tanks, withdraw from the last in series. Prefiltration

2640-687: The impact of runoff and flooding. The combination of urban 'green' rooftops with rainwater catchments have been found to reduce building temperatures by more than 1.3 degrees Celsius ref name Amos 174–190 Cite journal last1 Amos first1 Caleb Christian last2=Rahman first2=Ataur last3=Karim first3=Fazlul last4=Gathenya first4=John Mwangi date=November 2018 title=A scoping review of roof harvested rainwater usage in urban agriculture: Australia and Kenya in focus journal=Journal of Cleaner Production volume=202 pages=174–190 doi=10.1016 j.jclepro.2018.08.108 =2018JCPro.202..174A s2cid=158718294|issn=0959-6526 ref Rainwater harvesting in conjunction with urban agriculture would be

2695-555: The shopping centre (K11 Musea) temporarily closed for cleaning. All workers will undergo mandatory testing for Covid-19 as there has been a growing outbreak of the coronavirus disease the Chinese restaurant, Mr Ming’s Chinese Dining, at the shopping centre. The building's site plan was designed by architectural firm Kohn Pedersen Fox (KPF), as well as architect James Corner Field Operations, Ronald Lu & Partners, LAAB Architects, and PLandscape. K11 Musea (styled as K11 MUSEA )

2750-462: The system is pressurized, also pumps, and treatment devices such as UV lights, chlorination devices and post-filtration equipment. Systems are ideally sized to meet the water demand throughout the dry season since it must be big enough to support daily water consumption. Specifically, the rainfall capturing area such as a building roof must be large enough to maintain an adequate flow of water. The water storage tank size should be large enough to contain

2805-510: The water. When drought occurs, rainwater harvested in past months can be used. If rain is scarce but also unpredictable, the use of a rainwater harvesting system can be critical to capturing the rain when it does fall. Many countries with arid environments, use rainwater harvesting as a cheap and reliable source of clean water. To enhance irrigation in arid environments, ridges of soil are constructed to trap and prevent rainwater from running downhills. Even in periods of low rainfall , enough water

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2860-606: Was a less efficient use of financial resources to increase sustainability than the park's blackwater recycling program. Traditionally, stormwater management using detention basins served a single purpose. However, optimized real-time control lets this infrastructure double as a source of rainwater harvesting without compromising the existing detention capacity. This has been used in the EPA headquarters to evacuate stored water prior to storm events, thus reducing wet weather flow while ensuring water availability for later reuse. This has

2915-720: Was collected in Shivaganga tank. During the later Chola period, the Vīrānam tank was built (1011 to 1037 AD) in the Cuddalore district of Tamil Nadu to store water for drinking and irrigation purposes. Vīrānam is a 16-km-long tank with a storage capacity of 1,465,000,000 cu ft (41,500,000 m ). Rainwater harvesting was also common in the Roman Empire . While Roman aqueducts are well-known, Roman cisterns were also commonly used and their construction expanded with

2970-696: Was found to have a capacity of more than 80 m (2,800 cu ft) and to date back to 1700 BC. Around 300 BC, farming communities in Balochistan (now located in Pakistan, Afghanistan, and Iran), and Kutch , India, used rainwater harvesting for agriculture and many other uses. Rainwater harvesting was done by Chola kings as well. Rainwater from the Brihadeeswarar temple (located in Balaganapathy Nagar, Thanjavur , India)

3025-501: Was identified and selected suitable sites for the potential erection of dams, as well as derived a model builder in ArcMap 10.4.1. The model combined several parameters, such as slope, runoff potential, land cover/use, stream order, soil quality , and hydrology to determine the suitability of the site for harvesting rainwater. Harvested water from RWH systems can be minimal during below-average precipitation in arid urban regions such as

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