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53-503: See also: [REDACTED] [REDACTED] The governor of New York is the head of government of the U.S. state of New York . The governor is the head of the executive branch of New York's state government and the commander-in-chief of the state's military forces. The governor has a duty to enforce state laws and the power to either approve or veto bills passed by the New York Legislature , to convene
106-457: A federated state , or a self-governing colony , autonomous region , or other government who often presides over a cabinet , a group of ministers or secretaries who lead executive departments. In diplomacy , "head of government" is differentiated from " head of state ". The authority of a head of government, such as a president, chancellor, or prime minister, and the relationship between that position and other state institutions, such as
159-582: A 4-3 decision that Paterson's appointment was constitutional. Upon the resignation of Governor Andrew Cuomo in August 2021, Lt. Governor Kathy Hochul succeeded him, with Andrea Stewart-Cousins becoming acting lieutenant governor. Hochul then picked State Senator Brian Benjamin for lieutenant governor, a position he filled on September 9, 2021. Upon the resignation of Lt. Governor Brian Benjamin on April 12, 2022 due to federal corruption charges, Andrea Stewart-Cousins became acting lieutenant governor for
212-499: A broader sense, a head of government can be used loosely when referring to various comparable positions under a dominant head of state (especially is the case of ancient or feudal eras, so the term "head of government", in this case, could be considered a contradiction in terms). In this case, the prime minister serves at the pleasure of the monarch and holds no more power than the monarch allows. Some such titles are diwan, mahamantri , pradhan , wasir or vizier . However, just because
265-547: A contested primary battle for lieutenant governor. Lieutenant Governor Donohue faced an Independence Party member aligned with gubernatorial candidate Tom Golisano in the primary, but won the primary, while Governor Pataki lost the Independence primary for governor to Golisano. This made Donohue the running mate for both Pataki and Golisano in November. The Green Party nominated Jennifer Daniels for lieutenant governor on
318-482: A duty to enforce state laws, and the power to either approve or veto bills passed by the New York State Legislature , to convene the legislature, and to grant pardons , except in cases of treason and impeachment . Unlike the other government departments that compose the executive branch of government, the governor is the head of the state Executive Department . The officeholder is afforded
371-422: A head of government is Prime Minister . This is used as a formal title in many states, but may also be an informal generic term to refer to whichever office is considered the principal minister under an otherwise styled head of state , as minister — Latin for servants or subordinates—is a common title for members of a government (but many other titles are in use, e.g. chancellor and secretary of state). Formally
424-411: A lieutenant governor until the governor can take back the duties of the office, or the next election; likewise, should both offices become vacant, the temporary president acts as governor, with the office of lieutenant governor remaining vacant. Although no provision exists in the constitution for it, precedent set in 2009 allows the governor to appoint a lieutenant governor should a vacancy occur. Should
477-600: A ticket with Stanley Aronowitz . The Pataki/Donohue ticket defeated the McCall and Mehiel and the Golisano and Donohue tickets in November. Lieutenant Governor Donohue announced that she would not run for a third term in 2006. The race to succeed her drew eight major party candidates. State Senate Minority Leader David Paterson of Harlem won the Democratic nomination. Rockland County Executive C. Scott Vanderhoef won
530-758: Is alleged that the increased personalisation of leadership in a number of states has led to heads of government becoming themselves "semi-presidential" figures, due in part to media coverage of politics that focuses on the leader and his or her mandate, rather than on parliament; and to the increasing centralisation of power in the hands of the head of government. Such allegations have been made against three former British Prime ministers: Margaret Thatcher , Tony Blair , and Boris Johnson . They were also made against Italian prime ministers Silvio Berlusconi and Matteo Renzi , Canadian prime minister Pierre Trudeau and Federal Chancellor of West Germany (later all of Germany), Helmut Kohl , when in power. The head of government
583-445: Is also usually the head of government. The relationship between that leader and the government, however, can vary greatly, ranging from separation of powers to autocracy , according to the constitution (or other basic laws) of the particular state. In semi-presidential systems , the head of government may answer to both the head of state and the legislature with the specifics provided by each country's constitution. A modern example
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#1732773042371636-458: Is elected on a ticket with the governor for a four-year term. Official duties dictated to the lieutenant governor under the present New York Constitution are to serve as president of the state senate , serve as acting governor in the absence of the governor from the state or the disability of the governor, or to become governor in the event of the governor's death, resignation or removal from office via impeachment. Additional statutory duties of
689-466: Is often provided with an official residence , often in the same fashion as heads of state often are. The name of the residence is often used as a metonym or alternative title for 'the government' when the office is politically the highest, e.g. in the UK "Downing Street announced today…" Well-known official residences of heads of government include: Similarly, heads of government of federal entities below
742-485: Is responsible for appointing their Executive Chamber. These appointments do not require the confirmation of the New York State Senate . Most political advisors report to the secretary to the governor, while most policy advisors report to the director of state operations, who also answers to the secretary to the governor, making that position, in practice, the true chief of staff and most powerful position in
795-556: Is the present French government, which originated as the French Fifth Republic in 1958. In France, the president , the head of state, appoints the prime minister , who is the head of government. However, the president must choose someone who can act effectively as an executive, but who also enjoys the support of France's legislature, the National Assembly , to be able to pass legislation. In some cases,
848-485: The British take over of New Amsterdam where the position replaced the former Dutch offices of director or director-general. The governor is directly elected every four years, in years when there is no presidential election. The governor is required to be a United States citizen and a resident of New York for five years preceding their election. No person can be elected as governor under the age of thirty. The governor has
901-574: The Cabinet. The actual "chief of staff" is in charge of the Office of Scheduling and holds no authority over other cabinet officials. The governor is also charged with naming the heads of the various departments, divisions, boards, and offices within the state government. These nominees require confirmation by the state Senate. While some appointees may share the title of commissioner , director , etc., only department level-heads are considered members of
954-605: The Chinese Communist Party ( top leader in a one-party system) has always held this office since 1993 except for the months of transition . In directorial systems , the executive responsibilities of the head of government are spread among a group of people. A prominent example is the Swiss Federal Council , where each member of the council heads a department and also votes on proposals relating to all departments. The most common title for
1007-601: The Liberal Party nominee, was paired with Jonathan Reiter as a running mate. Independence Party nominee Tom Golisano ran with Laureen Oliver . The Green Party nominee, actor Al Lewis , ran with Alice Green. The Pataki/Donohue ticket defeated the Vallone/Frankel and the Golisano/Oliver tickets. Reports in early 2002 said that Governor Pataki was considered dropping Lieutenant Governor Donohue from
1060-738: The Republican nomination. The Green Party candidate was Alison Duncan. Candidates for the Democratic lieutenant governor nomination were attorney Leecia Eve of Buffalo , Assemblyman Thomas DiNapoli of Nassau County , Doctor Jon Cohen of Nassau County and Wappinger Town Supervisor Joseph Ruggiero of Dutchess County, New York . Candidates for the Republican nomination for lieutenant governor were New York Secretary of State Christopher Jacobs of Buffalo , Town Supervisor Tim Demler of Wheatfield , and former State Senator Nancy Larraine Hoffmann of Madison County . The Democratic ticket of Attorney General Eliot Spitzer and David Paterson defeated
1113-433: The Republican ticket of Assemblymember John Faso and Scott Vanderhoef ticket in the election for Governor and Lieutenant Governor on November 7. After Lieutenant Governor David Paterson succeeded to the governorship of New York after Eliot Spitzer resigned on March 17, 2008, the office of lieutenant governor became vacant. The duties of lieutenant governor were then performed successively by Temporary Presidents of
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#17327730423711166-670: The State Senate Joseph Bruno , Dean Skelos , Malcolm Smith and, during the 2009 New York State Senate leadership crisis , Pedro Espada Jr. On July 8, 2009, before the recapture of senate control by the Democrats, Governor Paterson appointed Richard Ravitch to the position of lieutenant governor to resolve the month-long political stalemate in the state senate. However, Attorney General Andrew Cuomo warned Paterson before Ravitch's selection that such an appointment would be unconstitutional. Litigation concerning
1219-489: The actual state cabinet, although the heads of the various divisions, boards, and offices may attend cabinet-level meetings from time to time. The Constitution of New York has provided since 1777 for the election of a lieutenant governor of New York , who also acts as president of the State Senate, to the same term (keeping the same term lengths as the governor throughout all the constitutional revisions). Originally, in
1272-662: The appointment's constitutionality was filed in New York State's courts by the Republican Senate caucus on July 9. A preliminary ruling by Justice William R. LaMarca on July 21 upheld AG Cuomo. On August 20, a four-judge panel of the Appellate Division (2nd Dept.) rejected unanimously the appointment. However, on September 22, in a "stunning reversal," the New York Court of Appeals , ruled in
1325-417: The basis of the strength of party support in the lower house; in some other states, the head of government is directly elected by parliament. Many parliamentary systems require ministers to serve in parliament, while others ban ministers from sitting in parliament (they must resign on becoming ministers). Heads of government are typically removed from power in a parliamentary system by Constitutions differ in
1378-592: The cabinet, controls domestic policy, with the president's influence largely restricted to foreign affairs. In communist states , the General Secretary of the Communist Party is the supreme leader, serving as de facto head of state and government. In China , the de jure head of government is the Premier . The Chinese president is legally a ceremonial office , but the General Secretary of
1431-473: The collegial Government , whose members are all appointed and dismissed at the Prime Minister's sole discretion. Under the unwritten British constitution , the prime minister 's role has evolved, based often on the individual's personal appeal and strength of character, as contrasted between, for example, Winston Churchill as against Clement Attlee , Margaret Thatcher as against John Major . It
1484-687: The courtesy style of His/Her Excellency while in office. Often considered a potential candidate for U.S. president , ten New York governors have been selected as presidential candidates by a major party, four of whom ( Martin Van Buren , Grover Cleveland , Theodore Roosevelt , and Franklin D. Roosevelt ) were elected as President of the United States . Meanwhile, six New York governors have gone on to serve as vice president . Additionally, two New York governors, John Jay and Charles Evans Hughes , have served as chief justice . The governor
1537-407: The event of the death, resignation or impeachment of the governor, or absence from the state, the lieutenant governor would take on the governor's duties and powers. Since the 1938 constitution, the lieutenant governor explicitly becomes governor upon such vacancy in the office. Should the office of lieutenant governor become vacant, the temporary president of the state senate performs the duties of
1590-456: The government and provides (e.g. by turns) the ceremonial Head of state. The only state in which this system is currently employed is Switzerland but other countries such as Uruguay have employed it in the past . This system is described as the directorial system . See Head of state for further explanation of these cases. In parliamentary systems, government functions along the following lines: All of these requirements directly impact
1643-420: The governor. For example, Mary Donohue took on duties in the areas of small business, school violence, and land-use planning , along with serving as a surrogate speaker for the governor in upstate New York. Donohue's predecessor, Betsy McCaughey Ross , worked on Medicare and education policy, before her falling out with Governor George Pataki . Democrat Stan Lundine , who served under Governor Mario Cuomo ,
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1696-453: The head of government's role. Consequently, they often play a 'day to day' role in parliament, answering questions and defending the government on the 'floor of the House', while in semi-presidential systems they may not be required to play as much of a role in the functioning of parliament. In many countries, the head of government is commissioned by the head of state to form a government, on
1749-477: The head of state can also be the head of government as well ( ex officio or by ad hoc cumulation, such as a ruling monarch exercising all powers himself) but otherwise has formal precedence over the head of government and other ministers, whether he is their actual political superior (ruling monarch, executive president) or rather theoretical or ceremonial in character (constitutional monarch, non-executive president). Various constitutions use different titles, and even
1802-411: The head of state is a figurehead whilst the head of the government leads the ruling party. In some cases a head of government may even pass on the title in hereditary fashion. Such titles include the following: In some models the head of state and head of government are one and the same. These include: An alternative formula is a single chief political body (e.g., presidium ) which collectively leads
1855-434: The head of state is the de jure dominant position does not mean that he/she will not always be the de facto political leader. A skilled head of government like 19th-century German statesman Otto von Bismarck , Minister President of Prussia and later Chancellor of Germany under Emperor / King Wilhelm I , serves as an example showing that possession of formal powers does not equal political influence. In some cases,
1908-488: The head of state may represent one political party but the majority in the National Assembly is of a different party. Given that the majority party has greater control over state funding and primary legislation , the president is in effect forced to choose a prime minister from the opposition party to ensure an effective, functioning legislature. In this case, known as cohabitation , the prime minister, along with
1961-557: The head of state, such as a governor-general , may well be housed in a grander, palace-type residence. However, this is not the case when both positions are combined into one: Lieutenant governor of New York The lieutenant governor of New York is a constitutional office in the executive branch of the Government of the State of New York . It is the second highest-ranking official in state government. The lieutenant governor
2014-529: The legislature and grant pardons , except in cases of impeachment and treason . The governor of New York is the highest paid governor in the country. The current governor is Kathy Hochul , a member of the Democratic Party who took office on August 24, 2021, following the resignation of Andrew Cuomo . She was elected to a full term in 2022. The position of governor in New York dates back to
2067-399: The legislature. Although there is often a formal reporting relationship to a head of state , the latter usually acts as a figurehead who may take the role of chief executive on limited occasions, either when receiving constitutional advice from the head of government or under specific provisions in a constitution. In presidential republics or in absolute monarchies , the head of state
2120-426: The level of the sovereign state (often without an actual head of state, at least under international law) may also be given an official residence, sometimes used as an opportunity to display aspirations of statehood: Usually, the residence of the heads of government is not as prestigious and grand as that of the head of state, even if the head of state only performs ceremonial duties. Even the formal representative of
2173-633: The lieutenant governor are to serve on the New York Court for the Trial of Impeachments , the State Defense Council, and on the board of trustees of the College of Environmental Science and Forestry . The lieutenant governor of New York is the highest-paid lieutenant governor in the country. The office is currently held by Antonio Delgado , who was sworn in on May 25, 2022. Most lieutenant governors take on other duties as assigned to them by
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2226-476: The practical reality for the Prime Minister of Belgium and the Prime Minister of Finland . Other states however, make their head of government a central and dominant figure within the cabinet system; Ireland's Taoiseach , for example, alone can decide when to seek a parliamentary dissolution, in contrast to other countries where this is a cabinet decision, with the Prime Minister just one member voting on
2279-461: The race for medical reasons, and both Latimer and Frankel dropped out for party unity. State Comptroller Carl McCall selected Mr. Mehiel as his running mate and former HUD Secretary Andrew Cuomo selected Mr. King as a running mate. A week before the September primary, Secretary Cuomo and Mr. King withdrew from their primaries and endorsed the McCall and Mehiel ticket. The Independence Party had
2332-553: The race for the Democratic lieutenant governor nomination. Plattsburgh Mayor Clyde Rabideau , Brighton Town Supervisor Sandra Frankel , Buffalo Councilwoman Barbra Kavenugh, and attorney Charlie King of Rockland County announced their candidacies for the nomination. Councilwoman Kavanaugh withdrew from the race at the Democratic State Convention. Mayor Rabideau was selected as a running mate by New York City Council Speaker Peter Vallone , and Supervisor Frankel
2385-407: The range and scope of powers granted to the head of government. Some older constitutions; for example, Australia's 1900 text , and Belgium's 1830 text ; do not mention their prime ministerial offices at all, the offices became a de facto political reality without a formal constitutional status. Some constitutions make a Prime Minister primus inter pares ( first among equals ) and that remains
2438-409: The relation between the head of state and of the legislature, varies greatly among sovereign states, depending largely on the particular system of the government that has been chosen, won, or evolved over time. In most parliamentary systems , including constitutional monarchies , the head of government is the de facto political leader of the government, and is answerable to at least one chamber of
2491-406: The same title can have various multiple meanings, depending on the constitutional order and political system of the state in question. In addition to prime minister, titles used for the democratic model, where there is an elected legislative body checking the head of government, include the following. Some of these titles relate to governments below the national level (e.g. states or provinces). In
2544-500: The suggestion. In Israel , while the Government is nominally a collegiate body with a primus inter pares role for the Prime Minister , the Israeli Prime Minister is the dominant figure in the executive branch in practice. The Prime Minister of Sweden , under the 1974 Instrument of Government , is a constitutional office with all key executive powers either directly at his or her disposal or indirectly through
2597-400: The temporary president be unable to fulfill the duties, the speaker of the assembly is next in the line of succession. The lieutenant governor is elected on the same ticket as the governor, but nominated separately. Line of succession: Head of government In the executive branch, the head of government is the highest or the second-highest official of a sovereign state ,
2650-685: The ticket and asking her to run for New York State Attorney General instead. The reports said he had considered New York Secretary of State Randy Daniels and Erie County Executive Joel Giambra as replacement running mates, but eventually Lieutenant Governor Donohue would join Governor Pataki again on the Republican ticket. The Democratic field started with 1998 nominee Sandra Frankel, 1998 candidate Charlie King, businessman Dennis Mehiel, Westchester County Legislature Chairman George Latimer and former New York City Consumer Affairs Commissioner Jane Steiner Hoffman. Commissioner Hoffman dropped out of
2703-508: Was active on technology and housing issues during his two terms in office. In the 1994 statewide election, Lt. Gov. Stan Lundine sought reelection on the Democratic ticket with Gov. Mario Cuomo . Lieutenant Governor Lundine was unopposed for renomination on the Democratic ticket. In the Republican primary, academic Betsy McCaughey was the only candidate, as nominated by the Republican State Convention. Ms. McCaughey
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#17327730423712756-404: Was selected as a running mate by Brooklyn District Attorney Charles Hynes during the state convention. Mr. King received enough support to qualify for the September primary ballot and continued his race. Supervisor Frankel won the Democratic lieutenant governor primary and was paired in the general election with Speaker Vallone. Lieutenant Governor McCaughey Ross, who was running for governor as
2809-513: Was selected as a running mate by State Sen. George Pataki . The Pataki/McCaughey ticket defeated the Cuomo/Lundine ticket in the general election. In 1997, following a falling out for most of their term, Gov. George Pataki dropped Lieutenant Governor Betsy McCaughey Ross from the ticket. Pataki instead nominated Judge Mary Donohue as his running mate. Judge Donohue was unopposed for the Republican nomination. Several candidates entered
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