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78-484: Founded in 2009 by T.J. Mannix and producers Robin Rothman, Melanie Girton, and Mary Archbold, NYMIF celebrates a form of musical improvisation that developed at comedy theaters across the U.S. and Canada in the 2010s. The first NYMIF was created in 2009 to promote the art musical improv to wider audiences and bring together performers from all over the world. Musical improv has become more popular at improv theaters across

156-469: A Col. William Moore, writing, "Your letter of the 7th instant is just to hand—I hasten to reply, that Lyncoya, was the child found suckling his dead mothers breast after the battle of Tallahassee was over, & sent to me by Genl Coffee—The wounded child which you brought into camp, was the one taken, and roused by Doctor [John] Shelby —he cured him of his wounds & adopted him as a child, and educated him—he turned out badly as I believe, & ran away from

234-548: A claim promulgated by the 1953 Susan Hayward – Charlton Heston film The President's Lady . Lyncoya was brought to Jackson after the surviving women in the village refused to care for him because they were severely injured. A scholar examining Muscogee womanhood at the time of the Creek War wrote: If the Creek women refused to accept the normative maternal role, perhaps the single best example of compromised masculinity in

312-409: A defense against charges that Jackson was a bloodthirsty killer of Indians. Lyncoya's obituary, published during the bitter 1828 U.S. presidential contest between Jackson and John Quincy Adams, also served as a form of political messaging. Jackson was presented as the hero of Lyncoya's story in 19th-century biographies of the seventh U.S. president, and his life continues to be used in the 21st century as

390-699: A defense against charges that racial animus was the motive for Jackson's 25-year-long effort to ethnically cleanse the Old Southwest of Native Americans. Born to Muscogee (Creek) parents who were most likely associated with the Red Stick political faction, Lyncoya was said to be 10 or 12 months old when he was orphaned during the Creek War in the Battle of Tallushatchee on November 3, 1813. The placename Tallasseehatchee describes "the stream or creek near

468-472: A few chiefs called to visit the General; when they were observed to take but slight notice of him." Historian Melissa Jean Gismondi argues that the letter was written under the supervision of Lyncoya's tutor William Chandler, and was intended as an exhibit to be shared with Jackson's fellow politicians, as much or more than it was meant to be a personal missive from a 10-year-old child to his father. The letter

546-503: A fleeting projection of Andrew Jackson's internal racial cosmology appears in a letter written to Rachel Jackson on September 18, 1816, from the " Chikesaw council house": My Love I have this moment recd. your affectionate letter of the 8th. Instant, I rejoice that you are well & our little son. Tell him his sweept papa hears with pleasure that he has been a good boy & learns his Book, Tell him his sweet papa labours hard to get money to educate him, but when he learns & becomes

624-486: A fully costumed Dickensian musical, improvised hip-hop, college teams, duo and solo shows, improvised Sondheim and even the cast and band from Broadway’s Bloody Bloody Andrew Jackson and Jeff Hiller . NYMIF teamed with Gildas Club raising money and awareness for women and families living with cancer. Previous Gilda Club benefits have featured people such as Cady Huffman , Orfeh , and Donna Vivino . Bloody Bloody Andrew Jackson Bloody Bloody Andrew Jackson

702-475: A great man, his sweet papa will be amply rewarded for all his care, expence, & pains—how thankfull I am to you for taking poor little Lyncoya home & cloathing him—I have been much hurt to see him there with the negroes, like a lost sheep without a sheperd. It is not immediately self-evident who Jackson meant by "our little son," although of the 30-odd minors to whom they served as guardian, some of whom Jackson called son in his letters, Andrew Jackson Jr.

780-1263: A loss to investors," said The New York Times , which characterized it as "a favorite of critics that has had trouble catching on with theatergoers." Its first Boston production was at the SpeakEasy Stage Company in October 2012, the show was directed by Paul Melone, musical direction Nicholas James Connell, choreography Larry Sousa, fight choreography Angie Jepson, set design Eric Levenson, costume design Elisabetta Polito, lighting design Jeff Adelberg, sound design Eric Norris, stage manager Amy Spalletta and assistant stage manager Katherine Clanton. The cast featured Brandon Barbosa (Lyncoya), Samil Battenfeld (Lyncoya), Mary Callanan (Storyteller/Ensemble), Gus Curry (Andrew Jackson), Tom Hamlett (John Quincy Adams/Ensemble), Ryan Halsaver (John Calhoun), Amy Jo Jackson (Ensemble), Michael Levesque (Ensemble), Evan Murphy (Ensemble), Josh Pemberton (Martin Van Buren), Diego Klok Perez (Henry Clay/Black Fox/Ensemble), Ben Rosenblatt (James Monroe), Alessandra Vaganek (Rachel Jackson), and Brittany Walters (Ensemble). The first production of

858-598: A mandate to "take this country back" ("Public Life"). Once in office, Jackson is faced with a plethora of problems, ranging from the National Bank to questions about Indian relocation. Being the “People’s President,” Jackson begins polling the American populace on all executive decisions. This draws the ire of Congress and the Supreme Court . In response, Jackson consolidates Executive Power , thus making

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936-490: A national hero. He becomes Governor of Florida and decides to run for United States President in 1824 . Although he receives the most popular and Electoral votes , he does not have a majority, leading to a loss in the subsequent contingent election in the House of Representatives . (" The Corrupt Bargain "). Jackson spends the four years after the election at his home, The Hermitage . He returns from political exile and forms

1014-816: A new country at the expense of the native population ("Second Nature"). Finally, the company gathers to sing " The Hunters of Kentucky ", before taking their bows. Developed by New York-based experimental company Les Freres Corbusier , Bloody Bloody Andrew Jackson had workshop productions in August 2006 at the Williamstown Theatre Festival and in May 2007 at the New 42nd Street Studios, New York. It premiered in January 2008 in Culver City, California at

1092-399: A nuisance, imposed by Jackson to serve a national ambition, which she did not share. His arrival signaled a growing division between the pious and local life Rachel wanted and the national stage that Jackson had begun to thrust upon her. Rachel's neglect of Lyncoya also reflected her frustration and disappointment with Jackson." The social-emotional world of the larger Hermitage community and

1170-430: A shared habit of self-harm, playing on emo music's frequent glorification of pain, and reference Illness as Metaphor by Susan Sontag as a way to ground their fantasies. Jackson and Rachel eventually marry, though Rachel is not yet divorced from her current husband ("Illness as a Metaphor"). At the end of the song, news comes that British, Indian, and Spanish forces are making advances into American territory. Meanwhile,

1248-448: A sharp contrast to the horrific life-taking that produced the orphan. Clearly they could not keep the child. Exercising mastery over both Creek babe and his own wife, Jackson sealed Lyncoya's fate. He would be a special kind of slave, kept 'in the house,' a present to be owned by one of Jackson's wards." The actual work of sustaining Lyncoya with brown sugar and scavenged biscuit crumbs was delegated to an enslaved man named Charles. In

1326-418: A show in town that more astutely reflects the state of this nation than Bloody Bloody Andrew Jackson … both smarter and cruder than your average Broadway fare"; whereas fellow Times critic Charles Isherwood said the musical "taps most directly into the vein of snarky post-collegiate humor epitomized by The Daily Show and The Colbert Report … and panders cheerfully to the taste for ribald humor that

1404-469: A white male." A memorial to Lyncoya was dedicated in Calhoun County, Alabama in 2000, but according to historian F. Evan Nooe , "While the monument marks the site of a historic event, the inscription removes the massacre of nearly two hundred Creek men, women, and children to praise the man responsible and frame his behavior as a selfless act worthy of adulation. The monument provides comfort for

1482-546: Is a satirical historical rock musical with music and lyrics written by Michael Friedman and a book written by its director Alex Timbers . The show is about the founding of the Democratic Party . It redefines Andrew Jackson , America's seventh President, as an emo rock star and focuses on populism , the Indian Removal Act , and his relationship with his wife Rachel . The show opens when

1560-473: Is a one-joke show that gets three-quarters of its laughs from hearing 19th-century characters use 21st-century slang. Politically speaking, it's little more than an ultra-predictable mashup of Howard Zinn and Dances With Wolves (white people bad, red people good)… Michael Friedman's hard-edged, guitar-driven score is, however, another story. The music is tuneful, [and] the lyrics are honest-to-God smart." Ben Brantley of The New York Times noted: "There's not

1638-554: Is a primary ingredient in the more frat-boyish elements of late-night comedy." A San Francisco critic of that city's production, however, referred to the musical as "an unmistakable exercise in American self-loathing," while Power Line blog critic Scott Johnson of Minneapolis–St. Paul termed the play in retrospect "the worst thing I'd ever seen performed on a stage, bar none… extraordinarily unfunny." Lyncoya Jackson Lyncoya Jackson ( c.  1812  – July 1, 1828), also known as Lincoyer or Lincoya ,

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1716-808: Is at least authentic to the period of the 1820s–30s. "This house" is possibly the District of Columbia boarding house of the wife of William O'Neal, "former owner of the well-known Franklin House, [who] now took Jackson, John H. Eaton , and Richard K. Call as boarders...across from the West Market near John Gadsby's Hotel." "Mad Wolfe" is Ya-ha Hadjo . The Muscogee name that is variously transliterated Harjo , Hajo , Hadjo , or Hadcho means, roughly, so crazy as to seem brave, or crazy levels of brave. Lyncoya's obituary stated that, "...he had no intercourse whatever with Indians, except on one or two occasions when

1794-523: Is called the Log Hermitage, and then in the mansion house, built in 1821. Rachel Jackson was charged with being Lyncoya's "primary caregiver," in part because that was the traditional gender role and in part Jackson traveled extensively for his work throughout the 1810s and 1820s, such that "Jackson depended on her to oversee Lyncoya's upbringing and prepare him for his exhibition to the nation's elite. Rachel did as best she could but considered Lyncoya

1872-743: Is the reason he was orphaned in the first place. Older white visitors frequently ask about Lyncoya unprompted, generally phrasing it as some derivative of, 'Didn't he adopt an...Indian boy?' Public knowledge of Lyncoya and his residence at the Hermitage cements him as a regular point of conversation in the mansion, and the framing of that conversation by interpreters serves to project an image of Jackson as either paternal and sentimental or ruthless and self-deluded." One analysis of Jackson's relationship with Lyncoya and his other wards characterizes his "preoccupation with acquiring dependents" as necessary to an internal and external construction of "Jackson's mastery as

1950-400: Is unknown, which is considered significant by historians because "if Jackson had truly considered Lyncoya to be part of his family, Jackson likely would have buried him in the family cemetery." According to writer Stanley Horn, "At least one chronicle has stated that he was buried in the garden; but, if so, there is no sign of it. No stone there bears his name, and there is no unmarked grave in

2028-468: The Democratic Party . During the presidential election of 1828, Andrew Jackson becomes a surprise candidate and mocks the others for not being able to handle the pressure of politics ("Rock Star"). However, his campaign is grueling both publicly and personally to Jackson and his family. Rachel dislikes not having a private life, feels as though she has been making more compromises in their relationship than he has, and questions Andrew's devotion to her versus

2106-535: The Kirk Douglas Theatre , produced by Center Theatre Group . The cast included Sebastian Arcelus , Stephanie D'Abruzzo , Kevin Del Aguila, Darren Goldstein , Greg Hildreth, Jeff Hiller, Adam O'Byrne, Maria Elena Ramirez, Kate Roberts, Jeanine Serralles, Ben Steinfeld, Robbie Sublett, Ian Unterman, and Ben Walker. Robert Brill was the set designer, Jeff Croiter the lighting designer, Emily Rebholz

2184-685: The Orlando International Fringe Theater Festival in the spring of 2014. Produced by BTW Productions and directed by Adam Graham with choreography by Michelle Alagna and musical direction by Brandon Fender, the cast included A. Ross Neal as Andrew Jackson, Jacqueline Torgas as Rachel Jackson, Anitra Pritchard-Bryant as the Storyteller and featured the band Hey, Angeline led by Anthony Smith as the Band Leader. Well received by critics and audiences alike,

2262-834: The War of 1812 and the Creek War, he built and managed alliances with members of all four major southern tribes in order to "defeat his two enemies: Britain and the Redstick faction of the Creek Nation." In his 2019 Surviving Genocide: Native Nations and the United States from the American Revolution to Bleeding Kansas , historian Jeffrey Ostler wrote of the Creek War and the "rescue" of Lyncoya at Tallushatchee: ...Jackson and other commanders were not interested in using prisoners as hostages. Instead, they turned

2340-570: The 17th through 19th centuries, "Some Anglo-Americans, including Andrew Jackson, incorporated Indian war captives into their households, calling them kin." Lyncoya has been described as having been "adopted" by the Jacksons but there are no known documents attesting to any form of legal adoption. Lyncoya was one of two Muscogee children taken from the Tallushatchee battlefield. In 1833, during his presidency, Jackson replied to an inquiry from

2418-532: The American People ("The Great Compromise"). Days before the election, a Senate panel led by Clay investigates Jackson's past wrongdoings and slings accusation, including accusing Rachel of bigamy. Jackson wins the election despite this and becomes the 7th President of the United States. However, the accusation of his rivals, along with the stress of the election, leads to Rachel dying of grief. He vows to use both his presidency and his wife's death as

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2496-641: The Angry Inch , claiming a lack of support from local members of the Native American community. Bloody Bloody Andrew Jackson received mostly positive to mixed reviews. The New York Daily News called it "bloody entertaining" and Benjamin Walker "magnetic and energetic," applauding the show for its lightweight and silly atmosphere. Terry Teachout of The Wall Street Journal appraised it thus: "Comically speaking, Bloody Bloody Andrew Jackson

2574-502: The Creek War and the larger War of 1812. Lyncoya survived the massacre and the burning of the settlement and was found lying on the ground next to the body of his dead mother. He was one of two Creek children from the village who were taken in by militiamen from Nashville, Tennessee. Lyncoya was raised in the household of slave trader and former U.S. Senator Andrew Jackson . Lyncoya was the third of three Indian war orphans who were transported to Andrew Jackson's Hermitage in 1813–14. Lyncoya

2652-556: The Doctor. The Doctor can give you his history." According to one account, the child taken by Shelby was also named Lyncoya. Lyncoya was brought to the Jackson home, the Hermitage , in 1814. He was the third of three Indigenous babies or children who was carried to Nashville at Jackson's behest, the others being Theodore , who died in the spring of 1814, and Charley , whose fate is uncertain. Lyncoya would have initially lived in what

2730-700: The Fountain Theatricals, a student organization at Stanford University dedicated to musical theatre and performing arts education, cancelled its production of the show for their Fall 2014 semester production due to pressure from the Stanford American Indian Organization. SAIO voiced concerns about the use of offensive caricatures of Native people regardless of the satirical style of the show. Raleigh Little Theatre cancelled their 2015 season's production of Bloody Bloody Andrew Jackson and replaced it with Hedwig and

2808-465: The Jackson household [should be] situated within the context of recent scholarship on Indian adoption." The three war-orphan Indigenous children sent to the Hermitage, Lyncoya, Theodore, and Charley, are considered to be part of Jackson's domestic life, and Lyncoya in particular was featured in tours of the Hermitage beginning in the 1970s, which has resulted in conflict over how to frame the story: "Jackson and his troops had killed his entire family, which

2886-591: The Mississippi to lands west of the river. This approach, supported by a string of presidents, including Jefferson and John Quincy Adams , was a disaster, resulting in the Trail of Tears where thousands died. But was its motivation genocidal? Robert Remini, Jackson's most prominent biographer, wrote that his intent was to end the increasingly bloody Indian Wars and to protect the Indians from certain annihilation at

2964-615: The Native Americans still living in American Territories. Jackson implores Black Fox to peacefully move his people west of the Mississippi River . Black Fox asks for time to consult his tribe, but Jackson violently snaps and decrees that federal troops will forcibly move the Indians west, leading to thousands of deaths along the Trail of Tears . Near the end, the musical reviews Jackson's legacy and

3042-530: The Presidency more powerful than Congress and the Courts. At first, his exhilarating cowboy-like governing tactics are met with great enthusiasm by the average citizen. But, as the problems grow tougher, the public begins to resent being asked to make difficult decisions ("Crisis Averted"). As the American people gradually turn on him, Jackson takes stock of all that he has lost: his family, his wife, and now

3120-590: The Red Sticks lost 186 warriors, as well as 84 taken prisoner...The next day soldiers swept the area looking for any food to add to their scanty provisions. Apparently, some found and ravenously ate potatoes that had actually baked in the very fires that had consumed the trapped Red Sticks. [Major John] Walker reported that he and his fellow warriors did participate in the destruction of the Red Sticks, recalling that their 'situation looked dismal to see, Women & Children slaughtered with their fathers.' The troops left

3198-588: The Storyteller, a historian who tells the audience what his legacy was after certain notable events. Jackson's childhood is shown in the Tennessee hills during the late 18th century. His family and the local shoe cobbler die of cholera and an Indian attack. This leads him to join the military, where he is imprisoned by the British. Jackson begins to express his disdain for the US government's lack of involvement with

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3276-456: The US government continues to do nothing to stop the attacks. Jackson realizes that if he wants this cycle to end, he must change things himself and takes a stand, shooting the Storyteller in the neck and saying that he'll take it from there ("I'm So That Guy"). Jackson organizes a militia to remove Indian Tribes throughout the Southeast both by force and negotiation ("Ten Little Indians"). In

3354-685: The United States. Lyncoya was ultimately apprenticed to a saddler in Nashville. Lyncoya contracted a respiratory infection and returned home to the Hermitage in his sickness. Despite nursing and healthcare provided by Rachel Jackson and the enslaved labor force of the Hermitage, Lyncoya died of tuberculosis at approximately 16 years old. He was buried in an unmarked grave somewhere near the Hermitage within Davidson County. As early as 1815, and certainly by 1824, Jackson's political allies framed Lyncoya's survival and presence in Jackson's household as

3432-615: The aftermath of a battle, he adopts a young Native American child named Lyncoya . John Quincy Adams , Henry Clay , John Calhoun , and Martin Van Buren are introduced as they express their concern over Jackson's unauthorized territorial expansion. Jackson rebuffs their pleas, explaining how he has driven out the French and the Spanish, while acquiring more land than Thomas Jefferson . The Battle of New Orleans transforms Jackson into

3510-873: The bandleader. The show was produced by Know Theatre of Cincinnati in April 2012, with The Dukes are Dead as the onstage band. Productions debuted in the San Francisco Bay Area in San Jose, California at the San Jose Stage Company from June 2 to July 22, 2012, and in San Francisco, California at the San Francisco Playhouse from October 8 to November 24, 2012. Bloody Bloody Andrew Jackson , directed by Scott Spence and starring Dan Folino as Andrew Jackson,

3588-681: The bodies of their dead enemies to the dogs. According to his obituary in the Nashville Republican , published the summer before the 1828 U.S. presidential election in which Jackson was a candidate, Lyncoya was "the son of a Chief." His name is not in the Muscogee language but an invention of the young white woman, Maria Pope (daughter of LeRoy Pope ), who was initially charged with his care. An account published in Alabama in 1983 stated that Lyncoya means "abandoned one" in Muscogee,

3666-591: The cast, dressed as 19th-century American cowboys and prostitutes, take the stage. They are led by Andrew Jackson . They sing about their eagerness to strip the English, Spanish, French, and, most importantly, the Native Americans , of their land in North America , and their desire to bring political power back to the public and away from the elite ("Populism, Yea Yea"). This section also introduces

3744-700: The costume designer, Bart Fasbender the sound designer, and Jacob Pinholster the video designer. Kelly Devine was the choreographer and Gabriel Kahane the music director. Bloody Bloody Andrew Jackson opened Off-Broadway in May 2009 at The Public Theater in New York in a concert version, and returned to run from March 23 (previews) to June 27, 2010. The cast included River Alexander , David Axelrod, James Barry, Darren Goldstein, Greg Hildreth, Jeff Hiller, Lisa Joyce, Lucas Near-Verbrugghe, Bryce Pinkham , Maria Elena Ramirez, Kate Roberts, Ben Steinfeld, Ben Walker, Matthew Rocheleau and Colleen Werthmann. Scenic design

3822-583: The country with new programs starting every year. In New York City, musical house teams have become common at all of the major comedy theaters. Past festivals have included teams and performers from cities across the US, (NYC, Chicago, Los Angeles, San Francisco, Denver, Boston, Minneapolis, Philadelphia, Austin TX, Washington DC, Baltimore, Raleigh, Pittsburgh, Miami, Providence and Seattle), Canada (Montreal and Vancouver), Frankfurt, Germany and Paris France! NYMIF has featured everything from an improvised rock concert to

3900-528: The descendants of settlers in the present, casting aside the location as a site of trauma, and conveys a celebratory version of the past to future generations in Calhoun County." In 2016, former U.S. Senator Jim Webb used Lyncoya as a defense against charges that Jackson was a genocidaire, writing in the Washington Post , "As president, Jackson ordered the removal of Indian tribes east of

3978-624: The discovery claimed, "During the campaign Jackson saved a little Indian boy, 'Lyncoya,' from death after the infant's mother had been shot dead...History says the Indian women were fighting alongside the men and the troops had to fire in self-defense." However it was styled, the pro-Jackson retelling of Lyncoya's life always "transferred the blame for the destruction of Indigenous families from Jackson to Muscogee women. Murderous women violated early American gender norms, which expected women to act to as dutiful and compassionate mothers." In 1950, Lyncoya

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4056-559: The family plot." It has also been conjectured that Lyncoya's unmarked grave was in the Hermitage's slave cemetery. The location of the Hermitage's slave cemetery remains unknown as of 2021 despite decades of diligent archeological investigations, geographic study, and the use of cadaver dogs . A counter to the Jacksonian narrative about Lyncoya appeared in the John Quincy Adams -aligned National Journal in response to

4134-620: The footnote that "Lyncoya wrote Jackson on December 29." The original appears to have been lost but what is said to be a "true copy" that was made at some point reads as follows: Hermitage December 29, 1823 Dear Father, When the mad wolfe & Ogilvrie came here from their woods, they said, How do you do, Father? You had not sent them to school as you have me. They could not speak as I can. Their young ears had not known ____?____ Neither had their war limbs gathered strength from your tables, nor rest under your roof, yet they called thee Father - when an infant you placed me on your knee and Learned me

4212-677: The hands of an ever-expanding frontier population. Indeed, it would be difficult to call someone genocidal when years before, after one bloody fight, he brought an orphaned Native American baby from the battlefield to his home in Tennessee and raised him as his son." However, historian Dawn Peterson argues that the image of Jackson as loving father of an Indigenous adoptee is not "an accurate reading of what happened here" but rather, summarizes Washington Post columnist Michael S. Rosenwald, "Jackson...made sure his early biographers [for instance, John Eaton ] knew Lyncoya's story—about how Jackson saved

4290-430: The laurel of victory." His obituary, published in a Tennessee newspaper, has been characterized as the " paternalistic devotional of a slaveholder." Black Horse Harry Lee , who lived at the Hermitage at the time and wrote for Jackson's 1828 presidential campaign , is said to have written an eloquent tribute to Lyncoya, which some describe as a lost document but is very possibly the obituary. Lyncoya's burial place

4368-577: The little Native American boy. It was pure spin, and plenty of historians fell for it." Contemporary historians generally challenge the 19th-century interpretation of Jackson's actions as benevolent, finding instead that they were part of a pattern of insidious race-based cruelty. As historian Rebecca Onion put it: "Lyncoya was a living argument for the supremacy of the white way of life. Jackson killed Creek people, took Creek land, and raised their children as his own—a primal act of domination." Pragmatic, opportunistic Jackson did what it took to win: during

4446-406: The love of the American public. He decides he must take ultimate responsibility for the nation's choices and declares that he alone will be the one to make the unenviable policy decisions regarding the Indians' fate ("The Saddest Song"). He summons Black Fox — an Indian Chief who organized the remaining Indian tribes into a confederation against Tennessee settlers — in order to make one last deal with

4524-494: The man not to feel a blush, when he is told hereafter, this is the Indian boy I raised. Your obedient - grateful Lincoyer General Jackson A true copy of the one received by Gen. Jackson at this house. According to the Tennessee Virtual Archive catalog, the "authenticity of this letter has come under scrutiny," but the Tennessee state archivist and Jackson biographer Robert V. Remini agreed that it

4602-484: The obituary recording his life and death, excoriating both Jackson for his deeds and the obituary writer for his framing. The column, penned by one "Logan," concluded, "On the whole, the story of Lyncoya, be it true or be it false, is but an impotent apology for the Hero's bloody life." In 1925 white supremacist archivist and historian John Trotwood Moore surfaced a letter wherein Jackson mentions Lyncoya, and reporting on

4680-473: The old town," from the Muscogee language tȧlwa , "town," hasi , "old," and hȧchi , "creek." Jackson's long-time business partner and nephew-by-marriage John Coffee led the action of Jackson's Tennessee militia and their Indigenous and mixed-race allies in the assault on the tribal town , during which: ...the troops razed the town's cabins, burning alive those who had sought refuge inside. All total,

4758-404: The people of the frontier and how he wishes someone would stand up to them ("I'm Not That Guy"). Jackson is then shown as a young adult, regaling local tavern goers with his short meeting with George Washington . He is interrupted and attacked by several Spaniards. Jackson defeats them, but is injured in the process. A woman named Rachel helps him to recover from his injuries. They bond over

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4836-500: The prisoners over to Creek and Cherokee auxiliaries as a portion of their compensation. Taking prisoners (rather than killing them) as well as feeding refugees (rather than letting them starve) also allowed Americans to make a war of extermination appear—to themselves and observers in the 'civilized' world—consistent with principles of Christian humanitarianism. No U.S. leader mastered the art of reconciling catastrophic destruction and paternalistic benevolence better than Andrew Jackson... In

4914-592: The show after its New York run was a non-Equity performance at the University School of Nashville in November, 2011. The performance was met with great enthusiasm from the Nashville community and long-time supporters of Andrew Jackson. The production was directed by Catherine Coke with music direction by Ginger Newman and choreography by Abigayle Horrell. The cast included Sam Douglas as Andrew Jackson, Abigayle Horrell as Rachel Jackson, and Forest Miller as

4992-672: The show sold out the entirety of its limited run and went on to win Critic's Choice Award for Best Musical of 2014. A production of Bloody Bloody Andrew Jackson ran on the American Shakespeare Center from June 15 to November 26, 2016. The original Off-Broadway run was criticized by the Native American community at large and a production in Minneapolis in June 2014 faced public protest by New Native Theatre. At

5070-559: The talk of your Andrews, and made me their companion at Home, their fellow in school, and their rival in their duty to you. if the Mad Wolfe & Ogilvrie call thee Father & not the bold, may not Lincoyer, & be justified? Yes he answers he can? and since he is not told that when a big man he must have the Whitemans skin, but to be just, to only evil actions, to do good, is to be the bigerest of men, he hopes to have this stature of

5148-403: The title role, Maria Elena Ramirez, Jeff Hiller and Lucas Near-Verbrugghe. Despite positive reviews and early Tony buzz, the musical closed on January 2, 2011, after 120 performances. Critics blamed the poor economy during the show's run and its unorthodox story and presentation for the show's failure to build popularity on Broadway. The play, which cost $ 4.5 million to produce, "will close at

5226-560: The views attributed to him. Some believe he was one of America's greatest presidents, while others believe him to be an "American Hitler " who deliberately engaged in a genocide against the Indigenous American people. The final scene shows Jackson receiving an honorary doctorate at Harvard. He reflects upon his achievements and his questionable decisions. The show then offers a more modern view of Jackson's damning legacy and American society's collective culpability in shaping

5304-451: The war was the transformation of Jackson and members of his army from life-taking warriors to nursemaids. In his account, Richard Keith Call noted that Jackson, 'although a man of iron nerve, he was yet a girl in the softer feelings of his nature.' For Call, the 'incident...proved the woman like tenderness of [Jackson's] heart.' The image of Andrew Jackson and his officers nursing a baby with a sugar tit and puzzling over their young charge marks

5382-519: Was an Indigenous American born into a Muscogee family that was part of the Upper Creek tribal-geographical grouping and more than likely affiliated with Red Stick political party. The family lived in the tribal town near Tallasseehatchee Creek in present-day eastern Alabama. Lyncoya's parents were killed on November 3, 1813, by troops led by John Coffee at the Battle of Tallusahatchee, an engagement of

5460-414: Was apprenticed to be a saddler. He lived with his master, Mr. Hoover, in Nashville in 1827. He died of tuberculosis at the Hermitage on July 1, 1828, when he was about 16 years old. Lyncoya was first introduced to the American electorate as early as 1815, and in 1824, the year of Jackson's first presidential run, Jackson's conduct in regards to Lyncoya was described as having "set the gem of humanity in

5538-465: Was by Donyale Werle , lighting design by Justin Townsend, costume design by Emily Rebholz, and sound design by Bart Fasbender. Danny Mefford was the choreographer and Justin Levine was the music director. The show premiered on Broadway at the Bernard B. Jacobs Theatre , with previews starting on September 21, 2010, and opening night October 13, 2010. Many of the cast from the off-Broadway production reprised their roles, including Benjamin Walker in

5616-581: Was described as "an exotic and pitiful member of the Hermitage household...The exact status of Lyncoya in the Hermitage menage is now not entirely clear. General Jackson probably shared the frontier sentiment that an Indian was just barely a human being, and at first he seems to have looked upon him as little more than a novel sort of pet for little Andrew. But the young redskin must have grown in Old Hickory's affections, for in subsequent letters he refers to 'my little sons, including Lyncoya,' and as soon as he

5694-537: Was educated along with Andrew Jackson's first adopted son, Andrew Jackson Jr. Jackson wrote Rachel from Washington, D.C. in 1823, "I would be delighted to receive a letter from our son, little Hutchings, & even Lyncoya—the latter I would like to exhibit to Mr Monroe & the Secratary of War , as I mean to try to have him recd. at the military school..." The editors of The Letters of Andrew Jackson, Volume V: 1821–1824 (published 1996) annotated this letters with

5772-437: Was initially termed a "pett" for Jackson's white male wards. Jackson later included Lyncoya in the catalog of wards whom he considered to be his sons, inquiring about his health and educational progress in letters home to his wife Rachel. He was educated alongside Jackson's white wards in the local school, and at one time Jackson wanted Lyncoya to attend West Point, which he considered the most prestigious educational opportunity in

5850-620: Was likely solicited because Jackson had aspirations to send Lyncoya to the United States Military Academy at West Point , which was his ambition for several of his male wards, including Edward G. W. Butler and Andrew Jackson Donelson , both of whom graduated class of 1820. Andrew Jackson Jr. and A. J. Hutchings were both sent to the University of Nashville . Ultimately, the education of Lyncoya did not continue past his time in neighborhood schools, and he

5928-426: Was old enough he went to school along with the white boys." Historian Mark R. Cheathem , in the course of reviewing recently published histories of the Jacksonian era, wrote "The example of Lyncoya is often used by scholars and non-scholars alike to soften Jackson's treatment of Native Americans, and...sentimental language, unsupported by historical evidence, only reinforces this romanticized view...Lyncoya's place in

6006-884: Was performed at the Beck Center in Lakewood, Ohio from May 25 to July 22, 2012. The show was performed in Buffalo, New York by the American Repertory Theater of Western New York from September 19 to October 12, 2013. The show had 12 runs. The show was performed at ArtsWest in Seattle, Washington from September to October 2012. A staged reading of the show was performed by Outré Theatre Company in September 2013, directed by Skye Whitcomb. Bloody Bloody Andrew Jackson had its Central Florida premiere at

6084-480: Was the only ward that he and Rachel "considered to be a child of theirs." Lyncoya was "with the negroes" because he had been left in the care of Rachel's sister Mary Donelson Caffrey (either in Nashville or in the Natchez District of Mississippi Territory ) while the Jacksons traveled, but Caffrey would not keep Lyncoya in the big house, instead boarding him in the slave quarter . For a time, Lyncoya

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