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28-691: The New Zealand Distinguished Service Decoration ( DSD ) was instituted by Royal Warrant as a New Zealand Royal Honour in 2007 to recognise distinguished military service, by regular, territorial and reserve members of the New Zealand Defence Force. Until 1995, this type of service was recognised by awards of the British Empire Medal (Military Division). After the change to a totally New Zealand Honours system in 1996, these Commonwealth awards were not available to be awarded to New Zealand military personnel. All members of

56-684: A century, until the Acts of Union 1800 merged the separate British and Irish Parliaments into a single Parliament of the United Kingdom with effect from 1 January 1801. Following the Treaty of Union in 1706, Acts of Union ratifying the Treaty were passed in both the Parliament of England and the Parliament of Scotland, which created a new Kingdom of Great Britain. The Acts paved the way for

84-432: A group of his ministers, the foremost of whom was Sir Robert Walpole , and by the end of his reign in 1727 the position of the ministers – who had to rely on Parliament for support – was cemented. George I's successor, his son George II , continued to follow through with his father's domestic policies and made little effort to re-establish monarchical control over the government which was now in firm control by Parliament. By

112-453: A long period of time. The decoration, made of sterling silver , is a representation of a kotiate , a Māori eight bladed war club. In the centre of the kotiate is St Edward’s Crown . The blades alternate between frosted and polished silver. The reverse is inscribed “FOR DISTINGUISHED SERVICE” and its Māori language equivalent “MO NGA TE MAHI KAHURANGI”. The ribbon is dark blue with a center stripe of red, two narrow yellow stripes separate

140-802: The Middle Ages , so that in many "rotten" and "pocket" boroughs seats could be bought, while major cities remained unrepresented, except by the Knights of the Shire representing whole counties. Reformers and Radicals sought parliamentary reform, but as the French Revolutionary Wars developed the British government became repressive against dissent and progress towards reform was stalled. George II's successor, George III , sought to restore royal supremacy and absolute monarchy, but by

168-673: The New Zealand Defence Force , or uniformed members of allied forces operating with or alongside units of the New Zealand military are eligible for the decoration. It may be awarded for the outstanding performance of military duties in either warlike or non-warlike operations, or for individual efforts toward peacetime and humanitarian service which brings great credit to the New Zealand Defence Force. The acts must contribute significantly, through exceptional devotion to duty, dedication, judgement or application of skills to

196-406: The monarch , on the recommendation of the government. In an interesting survival from medieval times, these warrants abate (lose their force) on the death of the sovereign if they have not already been executed. This particularly applied to death warrants in the days when England authorized capital punishment . Perhaps the most well-known example of this occurred on 17 November 1558, when England

224-607: The "rotten boroughs" to London and the counties were defeated in the House of Commons by 248 votes to 174. In the wake of the French Revolution of 1789, Radical organisations such as the London Corresponding Society sprang up to press for parliamentary reform, but as the French Revolutionary Wars developed the government took extensive repressive measures against feared domestic unrest aping

252-490: The English nobility. Most candidates for the House of Commons were identified as Whigs or Tories , but once elected they formed shifting coalitions of interests rather than dividing along clear party lines. At general elections the vote was restricted in most places to property owners, in constituencies which were out of date and did not reflect the growing importance of manufacturing towns or shifts of population, so that in

280-579: The Protestant Elizabeth I , daughter of Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn , was to decline to re-issue the warrants; the Protestants were released a few weeks later. For many years, the English, later British, government had used a "general warrant" to enforce its laws. These warrants were broad in nature and did not have specifics as to why they were issued or what the arrest was being made for. A general warrant placed almost no limitations on

308-519: The approximate form of: "This Court orders the Sheriff or Constable to find the named person, wherever he may be found, and deliver said person to the custody of the Court." Generally, a U.S. arrest warrant must contain the caption of the court issuing the warrant, the name (if known) of the person to be arrested, the offense charged, the date of issue, the officer(s) to whom the warrant is directed, and

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336-458: The conduct of an operational deployment, the conduct of military training or a military operation or operations, or the management and implementation of a project or activity with significant implications for the current or future capability of the New Zealand Defence Force. The Distinguished Service Decoration also may be awarded for a single accomplishment or instance of extraordinary performance of duty, or can be awarded for cumulative efforts over

364-694: The democratic and egalitarian ideals of the French Revolution and progress toward reform was stalled for decades. In 1801, the Parliament of the United Kingdom was created when the Kingdom of Great Britain was united with the Kingdom of Ireland to become the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland under the Acts of Union 1800 . Monmouthshire (One County constituency with two members and one single member Borough constituency)

392-612: The electors of Westminster. This included calls for the six points later adopted by the Chartists . The American War of Independence ended in defeat for a foreign policy that sought to prevent the thirteen American colonies from breaking away and forming their own independent nation , something which George III had fervently advocated, and in March 1782 the king was forced to appoint an administration led by his opponents which sought to curb royal patronage. In November of 1783, he took

420-404: The enactment of the treaty of Union which created a new parliament, referred to as the 'Parliament of Great Britain', based in the home of the former English parliament. All of the traditions, procedures, and standing orders of the English parliament were retained, although there is no provision for this within the treaty; furthermore, the incumbent officers and members representing England comprised

448-403: The end of his reign the position of the king's ministers – who discovered that they needed the support of Parliament to enact any major changes – had become central to the role of British governance, and would remain so ever after. During the first half of George III's reign, the monarch still had considerable influence over Parliament, which itself was dominated by the patronage and influence of

476-486: The end of the 18th century the monarch still had considerable influence over Parliament, which was dominated by the English aristocracy, by means of patronage , but had ceased to exert direct power: for instance, the last occasion on which royal assent was withheld was in 1708 by Queen Anne , even this being done only at the request of her ministers. At general elections the vote was restricted to freeholders and landowners, in constituencies that had changed little since

504-580: The new parliament was, and remains, a contentious issue. After the Hanoverian King George I ascended the British throne in 1714 through the Act of Settlement of 1701 , real power continued to shift away from the monarchy. George was a German ruler, spoke poor English, and remained interested in governing his dominions in continental Europe rather than in Britain. He thus entrusted power to

532-664: The opportunity to use his influence in the House of Lords to defeat a bill to reform the Honourable East India Company , dismissed the government of the day, and appointed William Pitt the Younger to form a new government. Pitt had previously called for Parliament to begin to reform itself, but he did not press for long for reforms the king did not like. Proposals Pitt made in April 1785 to redistribute seats from

560-404: The overwhelming majority of the new body. It was not even considered necessary to hold a new general election. While Scots law and Scottish legislation remained separate, new legislation was thereafter to be enacted by the new parliament, with the exception of that pertaining to private right which could only legislated on for the "evident utility" of the people. England's de facto prominence in

588-486: The place to be searched, and the persons, or things, to be seized; no warrants may be issued without probable cause , and support by testimony before a judge. The courts have recognized many warrantless searches , including exceptions for routine administrative or inventory searches, searches made under exigent circumstances, and searches made with consent. A typical arrest warrant in the United States will take

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616-420: The red stripe from the blue. Royal warrant (document) A warrant is usually issued by a court and is directed to a sheriff , a constable , or a police officer. Warrants normally issued by a court include search warrants , arrest warrants , and execution warrants . In the United Kingdom , senior public appointments are made by warrant under the royal sign-manual , the personal signature of

644-403: The rotten and pocket boroughs seats in parliament could be bought from the rich landowners who controlled them, while major cities remained unrepresented. Reformers like William Beckford and Radicals beginning with John Wilkes called for reform of the system. In 1780, a draft programme of reform was drawn up by Charles James Fox and Thomas Brand Hollis and put forward by a sub-committee of

672-542: The search or arresting authority of a soldier or sheriff. This concept had become a serious problem when those in power issued general warrants to have their enemies arrested when no wrongdoing had been done. The Parliament of Great Britain passed the Revenue Act 1767 ( 7 Geo. 3 . c. 46) which reaffirmed the legality of writs of assistance , or general search warrants , and gave customs officials broad powers to search houses and businesses for smuggled goods. This law

700-648: The signature of the magistrate. Warrants may also be issued by other government entities, including legislatures , since most have the power to compel the attendance of their members. When a legislature issues a warrant, it is called a call of the house . The person being investigated, arrested, or having their property seized, pursuant to a warrant is given a copy of the warrant at the time of its execution. Parliament of Great Britain List of parliaments of Great Britain The Parliament of Great Britain

728-562: Was formed in May 1707 following the ratification of the Acts of Union by both the Parliament of England and the Parliament of Scotland . The Acts ratified the treaty of Union which created a new unified Kingdom of Great Britain and created the parliament of Great Britain located in the former home of the English parliament in the Palace of Westminster , near the City of London . This lasted nearly

756-763: Was one of the key acts of Great Britain which led to the American Revolution , and is the direct reason that the American Founding Fathers ensured that general warrants would be illegal in the United States by ratifying the Fourth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution in 1791. Under the Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution a warrant is broadly required, which particularly describes

784-621: Was under the rule of a Catholic queen, Mary I , daughter of Henry VIII and the Spanish Catholic Catherine of Aragon . Several Protestants convicted of heresy had been condemned to die. They were tied to stakes in Smithfield , an open market area in central London , and the firewood bundles were about to be lit, when a royal messenger rode up to announce that Mary I had died: the warrants for their death had lost their force. The first formal act of Mary's successor,

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