Misplaced Pages

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80-597: For much of the 19th century, New Zealand lacked a modern army. By the mid-1880s, following a series of "Russian Scares", in which it was feared Russia was the most likely military threat to the country, the forerunner to the New Zealand Military Forces , the New Zealand Permanent Force, was established. The Permanent Force numbered no more than a few hundred men at any one time, and New Zealand's local defence needs depended on

160-801: A Victoria Cross in the First World War, ending it as a brigadier general, who had offered his services to the New Zealand Government. Freyberg would also be the commander of the 2NZEF. The first echelon of 2NZEF Headquarters and a Brigade Group landed in Egypt in February 1940. The second echelon, also a Brigade Group, was diverted to Britain on Italy's entry into the war and did not reach Egypt until March 1941. The third echelon arrived in Egypt in September 1940 and concentration of

240-688: A battery from the Royal New Zealand Artillery in 1965 which served initially with the Americans until the formation of the 1st Australian Task Force in 1966. Thereafter, the battery served with the task force until 1971. Two Companies of New Zealand infantry , Whisky Company and Victor Company, served with the 1st Australian Task Force from 1967 until 1971. Some also served with the Australian and New Zealand Army Training teams until 1972. NZ SAS arrived in 1968 and served with

320-621: A convoy that sailed for Egypt on 1 November. The NZEF and AIF convoy was originally bound for Britain but diverted en route to Egypt because of the state of the training camps in England. As a result, the troops were dressed in woolen uniforms for the British climate. On 2 December the convoy reached Alexandria after passing through the Suez Canal. Disembarking the troops traveled by train for Cairo, bivouacking in tent camps within sight of

400-507: A general stand-down of the defensive forces in the country on 28 June, which led to further reductions in the strength of units and a lower state of readiness. By the end of the year, almost all of the Territorial Force personnel had been demobilised (though they retained their uniforms and equipment), and only 44 soldiers were posted to the three divisional and seven brigade headquarters. The war situation continued to improve, and

480-479: A long history. The modern Army Reserve is divided into three regionally-based battalion groups. Each of these is made up of smaller units of different specialities. The terms 'regiment' and 'battalion group' seem to be interchangeably used, which can cause confusion. However, it can be argued that both are accurate in slightly different senses. In a tactical sense, given that the Reserve units are groupings of all arms,

560-448: A minimum, each regiment consists of a headquarters, a recruit induction training (RIT) company, at least one rifle company, and a number of combat support or combat service support companies or platoons. 3/1st Battalion, Royal New Zealand Infantry Regiment, previously existed on paper as a cadre . If needed, it would have been raised to full strength through the regimentation of the Territorial Force infantry units. Army plans now envisage

640-580: A new Defence Act in 1909 saw the introduction of compulsory military training and the replacement of the Volunteer Forces with a Territorial Force. Military Districts were also created, with each district having responsibility for defined areas having a specified number of Territorial Force units. This was expected to considerably increase New Zealand's military capability to around 30,000 men, with 10,000 being able to rapidly mobilise as an expeditionary force in an emergency. In 1910, Lord Kitchener

720-570: A partner of NATO . On the 23rd May 2022 it was announced that the Army was to send 30 soldiers to the United Kingdom to assist in training Ukrainian forces on the L119 light gun as part of Operation Interflex . This was in addition to providing 40 gun sights and ammunition for training purposes. It was announced that further analysists were sent to the United Kingdom on the 27th of June 2022. On

800-465: A pre-war policy of compulsory military training, but, like Australia, New Zealand's Territorial Army could not be deployed overseas. Thus, the NZEF was initially composed solely of volunteers. Conscription was introduced on 1 August 1916 and by the end of the war 124,000 men—nearly half the eligible male population of 250,000—had served with the NZEF. Of these, about 100,000 had been sent overseas. The NZEF

880-485: A territorial force, or fighting strength, fully equipped for modern requirements, of thirty thousand men. These troops, with the territorial reserve, formed the first line; and the second line comprised rifle clubs and training sections. Under the terms of the Act, every male, unless physically unfit, was required to take his share of the defence of the dominion. The Act provided for the gradual military training of every male from

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960-544: A third of the fleet, as being surplus to requirements. On 4 September 2010, in the aftermath of the 2010 Canterbury earthquake , the New Zealand Defence Force deployed to the worst affected areas of Christchurch to aid in relief efforts and assist NZ police in enforcing a night time curfew at the request of Christchurch Mayor Bob Parker and Prime Minister John Key. On the 21st of March, 2022, New Zealand announced that it would provide NZ$ 5 million for

1040-553: A three manoeuvre unit structure of 1 RNZIR, QAMR, and 2/1 RNZIR (light), being brought up to strength by TF individual and subunit reinforcements. The New Zealand Cadet Corps also exists as an army-affiliated youth training and development organisation, part of the New Zealand Cadet Forces . A rationalisation plan to amalgamate the then existing six Reserve Regiments to three, and to abolish one third of Reserve personnel posts, had been mooted for some years. This

1120-753: A time. The New Zealand Army was formed from the New Zealand Military Forces following the Second World War. Attention focused on preparing a third Expeditionary Force potentially for service against the Soviets. Compulsory military training was introduced to man the force, which was initially division-sized. The New Zealand Army Act 1950 stipulated that the Army would consist from then on of Army Troops (army headquarters, Army Schools, and base units); District Troops ( Northern Military District , Central and Southern Military Districts,

1200-567: A total of 8,500 men. As was the case with the Australian army the existing New Zealand army was a "territorial" force, designed for the defense of the home islands. It could not be deployed overseas. Hence, it was necessary to form a volunteer " expeditionary " force. The initial contingent of the NZEF, known as the "Main Body," sailed on 16 October 1914 for Australia and then joined with the Australian Imperial Force (AIF) in

1280-677: A volunteer military force to serve with the United Nations Command in Korea. The idea was opposed initially by Chief of the General Staff , Major-General Keith Lindsay Stewart , who did not believe the force would be large enough to be self-sufficient. His opposition was overruled and the government raised what was known as Kayforce , a total of 1,044 men selected from among volunteers. 16th Field Regiment, Royal New Zealand Artillery and support elements arrived later during

1360-834: Is a list of the Corps of the New Zealand Army, ordered according to the traditional seniority of all the Corps. The Territorial Force (TF), the long established reserve component of the New Zealand Army, has as of 2009–2010 been renamed the Army Reserve, in line with other Commonwealth countries, though the term "Territorial Force" remains the official nomenclature in the Defence Act 1990 . It provides individual augmentees and formed bodies for operational deployments. There are Reserve units throughout New Zealand, and they have

1440-464: Is commanded by the Chief of Army (Chief of the General Staff until 2002), who is a major general or two-star appointment. As of 27 August 2024 , the current Chief of Army is Major General Rose King . The Chief of Army has responsibility for raising, training and sustaining those forces necessary to meet agreed government outputs. For operations, the Army's combat units fall under the command of

1520-652: The First New Zealand Expeditionary Force . The NZEF of World War II was known as the Second New Zealand Expeditionary Force (2NZEF). The 2NZEF was led by General Bernard Freyberg. The New Zealand Expeditionary Force (NZEF) was the title of the military forces sent from New Zealand to fight for Britain during World War I. Upon the outbreak of war, New Zealand immediately offered to provide two brigades —one of infantry and one of mounted troops—with

1600-634: The First World War , many of the officers of the Staff Corps volunteered for and served in key leadership positions in the New Zealand Expeditionary Force (NZEF), often as battalion and brigade commanders. One such officer, Charles Melvill , later rose to be commandant of the New Zealand Military Forces in 1925. However, having Staff Corps officers in command of battalions was not Godley's intention when forming

1680-940: The Gallipoli Campaign under the Australian and New Zealand Army Corps (ANZAC). The New Zealand Division was then formed which fought on the Western Front and the New Zealand Mounted Rifles Brigade fought in Palestine. After Major General Godley departed with the NZEF in October 1914, Major General Alfred William Robin commanded New Zealand Military Forces at home throughout the war, as commandant. The total number of New Zealand troops and nurses to serve overseas in 1914–1918, excluding those in British and other dominion forces,

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1760-695: The Invasion of the Waikato in the mid-1860s, during which colonial forces were used with great effect. From the 1870s, the numbers of Imperial (British) troops was reduced, leaving settler units to continue the campaign. The first permanent military force was the Colonial Defence Force, which was active in 1862. This was replaced in 1867 by the Armed Constabulary, which performed both military and policing roles. After being renamed

1840-774: The New Zealand Military Forces , the Army traces its history from settler militia raised in that same year. The current name was adopted by the New Zealand Army Act 1950. During its history, the New Zealand Army has fought in a number of major wars, including the Second Boer War , the First and Second World Wars , Korean War , the Malayan Emergency , Indonesia–Malaysia confrontation , Vietnam War , and more recently in Iraq and Afghanistan . Since

1920-740: The Sangro (October–December), the Battle of Monte Cassino (February–March 1944), the Central Italy (May–December), and the Adriatic Coast (April–May 1945). Under the command of Major-General William Stevens , the 2NZEF began demobilising in late 1945, a process that was largely completed by mid-1946. Lt. Gen John C. H. Lee , Deputy Theater Commander of the Mediterranean Theater at this time, noted in his diary attending

2000-560: The Valentine tanks in service were eventually replaced by about ten M41 Walker Bulldogs , supplemented by a small number of Centurion tanks . Eventually, both were superseded by FV101 Scorpion armoured reconnaissance vehicles. New Zealand sent troops to the Vietnam War in 1964 because of Cold War concerns and alliance considerations. Initial contributions were a New Zealand team of non-combat army engineers in 1964 followed by

2080-691: The 12 subordinate area HQs, elementary training elements, coastal artillery and composite AA regiments); and the New Zealand Division, the mobile striking force. The division was alternatively known as '3NZEF'. The Army's first combat after the Second World War was in the Korean War , which began with North Korea's invasion of the South on 25 June 1950. After some debate, on 26 July 1950, the New Zealand government announced it would raise

2160-577: The 15th of August, the NZDF announced it would send 120 army instructors to the United Kingdom, for the purposes of training basic infantry. The training is based on an expedited variant of the British Army's basic soldier course, covering weapon handling, combat first aid, operational law and other soldier skills. At no point were New Zealand forces deployed within Ukraine itself. The New Zealand Army

2240-644: The 1970s, deployments have tended to be assistance to multilateral peacekeeping efforts. Considering the small size of the force, operational commitments have remained high since the start of the East Timor deployment in 1999. New Zealand personnel also served in several UN and other peacekeeping missions including the Regional Assistance Mission to Solomon Islands , the Sinai , South Sudan and Sudan . War had been an integral part of

2320-482: The 1st and 2nd Australian Light Horse Brigades, made up the ANZAC Mounted Division which served through the Sinai and Palestine campaign . The New Zealand Expeditionary Force (later called the 1st NZEF) was finally disbanded on 31 December 1921. At the outbreak of World War II in September 1939, the New Zealand Government declared war on Germany. Within a few days, the government pronounced

2400-459: The 38th Parallel, later recapturing Seoul in the process. The majority of Kayforce had returned to New Zealand by 1955, though it was not until 1957 that the last New Zealand soldiers had left Korea. In all, about 4700 men served with Kayforce. In 1957, the 9th Coast Regiment, Royal New Zealand Artillery , was reduced to a cadre along with the other coastal artillery regiments ( 10th and 11th ). Personnel were gradually run down until there

2480-586: The 3rd Division's contribution in the Pacific. The 3rd Division was withdrawn to New Caledonia in June 1944 and returned to New Zealand in August. The Division was rapidly downsized and was formally disbanded on 20 October 1944. About 4,000 veterans of the 3rd NZ Division were dispatched to Italy to reinforce the 2nd Division with the remaining men of the division returning to civilian employment. From 1950 onwards

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2560-512: The 4th Division, along with the other two divisions and almost all the remaining Territorial Force units, was disbanded on 1 April 1944. The 6th New Zealand Division was also briefly formed as a deception formation by renaming the NZ camp at Maadi in southern Cairo , the New Zealanders' base area in Egypt, in 1942. In addition, the 1st Army Tank Brigade (New Zealand) was also active for

2640-722: The Australian SAS until the Australian and New Zealand troop withdrawal in 1971. Members from various branches of the NZ Army also served with U.S and Australian air and cavalry detachments as well as in intelligence, medical, and engineering. In all, 3850 military personnel from all military branches of service served in Vietnam. New Zealand infantry accounted for approximately 1600 and the New Zealand artillery battery accounted for approximately 750. The New Zealand Division

2720-487: The Central Military District (with 2nd and 7th brigades), and 5th in the south (with 3rd, 10th and 11th brigades). The forces stationed in New Zealand were considerably reduced as the threat of invasion passed. During early 1943, each of the three home defence divisions were cut from 22,358 to 11,530 men. The non-divisional units suffered even greater reductions. The New Zealand government ordered

2800-567: The Imperial General Staff, was engaged as commandant. Following the outbreak of the First World War , New Zealand raised the initially all volunteer New Zealand Expeditionary Force (NZEF) for service overseas. A smaller expeditionary force, the Samoa Expeditionary Force , was tasked to occupy German Samoa , which it achieved without resistance. The NZEF would be sent to Egypt and would participate in

2880-673: The Land Component Commander, who is on the staff of the COMJFNZ at Headquarters Joint Forces New Zealand at Trentham in Upper Hutt. Forces under the Land Component Commander include the 1st Brigade , Training and Doctrine Command, and the Joint Support Group (including health, military police). No. 3 Squadron RNZAF provides tactical air transport. Land Training and Doctrine Group The following

2960-562: The M113s under a contract made when the vehicles were initially purchased. The replacement of the M113s with the General Motors LAV III ( NZLAV ) led to a review in 2001 on the purchase decision-making by New Zealand's auditor-general. The review found shortcomings in the defence acquisition process, but not in the eventual vehicle selection. In 2010, the government said it would look at the possibility of selling 35 LAVs, around

3040-427: The NZEF in 1914; preference was to be given to Territorial Force officers. The deaths of several members of the corps during the war resulted in the depletion of the Staff Corps following the cessation of hostilities. To fill the gaps, many former Territorial Force officers who had acquitted themselves well with the NZEF during the war were invited to join. Budgetary cuts in 1922 reduced the corps to 75 officers, and

3120-782: The New Zealand Constabulary Force, it was divided into separate military and police forces in 1886. The military force was called the Permanent Militia and later renamed the Permanent Force. Major Alfred William Robin led the First Contingent sent from New Zealand to South Africa to participate in the Boer War in October 1899. The New Zealand Army sent ten contingents in total (including the 4th New Zealand Contingent ), of which

3200-977: The North Island and the 3rd Task Force in the South Island, assumed responsibility for operational forces, Territorial Force manpower management and collective training. Support Command which from then on comprised three elements, the Army Training Group in Waiouru, the Force Maintenance Group (FMG) based in Linton, and Base Area Wellington (BAW) based in Trentham, assumed responsibility for individual training, third line logistics and base support. Headquarters Land Force Command remained at Takapuna, and Headquarters Support Command

3280-439: The Pacific, seizing a number of islands from the Japanese. New Zealanders contributed to various Allied special forces units, such as the original Long Range Desert Group in North Africa and Z Force in the Pacific. As part of the preparations for the possible outbreak of war in the Pacific, the defensive forces stationed in New Zealand were expanded in late 1941. On 1 November, three new brigade headquarters were raised (taking

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3360-460: The Pacific. After of period of training in New Zealand, it fought in the Solomon Islands campaign during 1943–1944, participating in the Battles of Vella Lavella , the Treasury Islands and the Green Islands , although never as a full division. In early 1944, the New Zealand Government faced a manpower crisis caused by the demands of maintaining two divisions overseas while simultaneously maintaining agricultural and industrial production to meet

3440-402: The Pyramids. The NZEF was commanded throughout the war by Major General Alexander Godley , a British Army officer who in 1910, on the recommendation of Lord Kitchener , had been appointed as the commander of the New Zealand Military Forces . After Godley departed with the NZEF in October 1914, Major General Alfred William Robin commanded the New Zealand Military Forces at home throughout

3520-441: The Republic of South Sudan (2011.) In 2003, the New Zealand government decided to replace its existing fleet of M113 armoured personnel carriers , purchased in the 1960s, with the Canadian-built NZLAV , and the M113s were decommissioned by the end of 2004. An agreement made to sell the M113s via an Australian weapons dealer in February 2006 had to be cancelled when the US State Department refused permission for New Zealand to sell

3600-429: The Volunteer Force and the Permanent Force was lacking. By 1905, the constraints of New Zealand society and increasing work commitments began to impact on the number of willing volunteers. The commandant of the New Zealand Military Forces at the time, Major General James Melville Babington , considered the Volunteer Forces to be an inefficient fighting force. Following the Imperial Defence Conference in 1909, it

3680-444: The age of 14 to 25, after which he was required to serve in the reserve up to the age of thirty. From the age of 12 to 14, every boy at school performed a certain amount of military training, and, on leaving, was transferred to the senior cadets, with whom he remained, undergoing training, until 18 years of age, when he joined the territorials. After serving in the territorials until 25 (or less if earlier reliefs were recommended), and in

3760-418: The assembly of what would be an Expeditionary Force , which become known as the 2nd New Zealand Expeditionary Force (2NZEF), for service in the war. After consulting with the British Government, it was decided to raise an infantry division. This, the 2nd New Zealand Division , would be commanded by Major-General Bernard Freyberg , a British Army officer who had spent his early years in New Zealand and won

3840-522: The base in Waiouru: Ngāti Tūwharetoa, Ngāti Kahungunu, Ngāti Maniapoto and Ngāti Tuhoe. In the 21st century, New Zealanders have served in East Timor (1999 onwards), Afghanistan , and Iraq. NZDF forces have also been involved in international Peacekeeping actions such as Regional Assistance Mission to Solomon Islands (2003–2015), United Nations Mission in the Republic of South Sudan (2003–), United Nations Mine Action Coordination Centre in Southern Lebanon (2007–2008), and United Nations Mission in

3920-435: The central North Island . After the 1983 Defence Review, the Army's command structure was adjusted to distinguish more clearly the separate roles of operations and base support training. There was an internal reorganisation within the Army General Staff, and New Zealand Land Forces Command in Takapuna was split into a Land Force Command and a Support Command. Land Force Command , which from then on comprised 1st Task Force in

4000-412: The command of General William Birdwood . After the end of the Gallipoli campaign, the NZEF formed its own infantry division, the New Zealand Division , which served on the Western Front for the rest of the war. General Godley was promoted to a corps command and given II ANZAC Corps , which contained the New Zealand Division. From 1916 until the formation of the Australian Corps in 1918 (made up of

4080-405: The conflict from New Zealand. The force arrived at Pusan on New Year's Eve, and on 21 January, joined the British 27th Infantry Brigade representing the 1st Commonwealth Division , along with Australian, Canadian, and Indian forces. The New Zealanders immediately saw combat and spent the next two and a half years taking part in the operations which led the United Nations forces back to and over

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4160-423: The discontinuation of coastal defence training, and the approximately 1000 personnel of the 9th, 10th, and 11th coastal regiments Royal New Zealand Artillery had their compulsory military training obligation removed. A small cadre of regulars remained, but as Henderson, Green, and Cook say, 'the coastal artillery had quietly died.' All the fixed guns were dismantled and sold for scrap by the early 1960s. After 1945,

4240-468: The division was completed just before it was deployed to northern Greece in March 1941. This force remained as part of the British Eighth Army to the end of World War II in 1945 during which it fought in the Battle of Greece (March–April 1941), the Battle of Crete (May), Operation Crusader (November–December), Minqar Qaim (June 1942), the First (July) and Second Battles of El Alamein (October–November), Libya and Tunisia (December–May 1943),

4320-464: The first six were raised and instructed by Lieutenant Colonel Joseph Henry Banks , who led the 6th Contingent into battle. These were mounted riflemen, and the first contingents had to pay to go, providing their own horses, equipment and weapons. The Defence Act 1909, which displaced the old volunteer system , remodelled the defences of the dominion on a territorial basis, embodying the principles of universal service between certain ages. It provided for

4400-423: The five Australian divisions) there were always two "ANZAC" corps— I ANZAC Corps and II ANZAC Corps—despite the fact that there was only one New Zealand Division. During early 1916 the New Zealand Government supported the formation of an Australian and New Zealand Army , but this did not occur. The mounted arm of the NZEF was the New Zealand Mounted Rifles Brigade . The brigade remained in Egypt and, combined with

4480-569: The heritage of the former NZ infantry regiments (1900–1964). TF regiments prepare and provide trained individuals in order to top-up and sustain operational and non-operational units to meet directed outputs. TF regiments perform the function of a training unit, preparing individuals to meet prescribed outputs. The six regiments command all Territorial Force personnel within their region except those posted to formation or command headquarters, Military Police (MP) Company, Force Intelligence Group (FIG) or 1 New Zealand Special Air Services (NZSAS) Regiment. At

4560-413: The highest casualty—and death—rates per capita of any country involved in the war. During the Second World War , the 2nd New Zealand Expeditionary Force (I.E. 2nd Division ) fought in Greece , Crete , the Western Desert campaign and the Italian campaign . Among its units was the famed 28th Māori Battalion . Following Japan's entry into the war, 3rd Division , 2 NZEF IP (in Pacific) saw action in

4640-411: The life and culture of the Māori , even prior to European contact. The Musket Wars continued this trend and dominated the first years of European trade and settlement. The first European settlers in the Bay of Islands formed a volunteer militia from which some New Zealand Army units trace their origins. British forces and Māori fought in various New Zealand Wars starting in 1843, and culminating in

4720-487: The militia, known as the Volunteer Force . The Volunteer Force had a number of defects, the first of which was the quality of its men. Although they funded their own equipment and trained on their own time, the equipment was often of low quality and time spent training was insufficient. Officers were elected by their men but generally lacked professional military training, and were often compromised when giving orders to men that elected them to command. Co-operation between

4800-405: The needs of the Allied countries. In order to cope with this crisis the New Zealand Government saw no option other than to disband one of the country's two infantry divisions. The decision to disband the 3rd Division was made after consulting with the British and United States Governments, who were of the view that the 2nd Division's contribution to the campaign in Italy was of greater importance than

4880-415: The newly formed Territorial Force. At the time, the New Zealand Permanent Forces had no more than 30 officers. This was insufficient for the needs of the Territorial Force and it was envisaged that the Staff Corps would consist of 100 officers. Some officers of the New Zealand Staff were to be graduates of the Royal Military College in Australia , to which ten cadets were to be sent annually. To make up

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4960-446: The number of staff officers dwindled further to 55 during the 1930s. As in the previous war, many officers of the Staff Corps volunteered for the 2NZEF , serving as battalion and brigade commanders during the Second World War . After the war, greater integration between the professional military and the Territorial Force saw the need for the New Zealand Staff Corps diminished. It was disbanded in 1947, and training and administration of

5040-405: The numbers, Major General Alexander Godley , the new commandant of the New Zealand Military Forces, held a training camp in early 1911. Prospective officers who had applied for the New Zealand Staff Corps were assessed and trained and eventually 41 were selected to join the 22 regular officers. Most joined Territorial units as adjutants , with some as area or military district commanders. During

5120-441: The purpose of non-lethal military equipment through NATO to Ukraine , following the Russian invasion of Ukraine . In addition, several surplus army equipment was donated, including 473 Enhanced Combat Helmets , 1,066 body armour plates and 571 flak vests and webbing. On the 11th of April this was followed by dispatching 50 troops to Germany , Belgium and the United Kingdom , primarily for logistics and intelligence purposes as

5200-453: The reserve until 30, a discharge was granted; but the man remained liable under the Militia Act to be called up, until he reached the age of 55. As a result of Lord Kitchener's visit to New Zealand in 1910, slight alterations were made—chiefly affecting the general and administrative staffs, and which included the establishment of the New Zealand Staff Corps —and the scheme was set in motion in January, 1911. Major-General Sir Alexander Godley, of

5280-400: The term 'battalion group' is accurate, though usually used for a much more single-arm heavy grouping, three infantry companies plus one armoured squadron, for example. NZ reserve battalion groups are composed of a large number of small units of different types. The term 'regiment' can be accurately applied in the British regimental systems sense, as all the subunits collectively have been given

5360-409: The termination ceremony of the New Zealand Force at Caserta, Italy on 3 September 1946. The 2NZEF also had a Pacific Section , which was initially responsible for the defence of Fiji . The basis for the Pacific Section was initially an infantry brigade—the 8th Infantry Brigade —which arrived on Viti Levu , the main island of Fiji, in November 1940. Following the entry of the Japanese Empire into

5440-407: The total in the New Zealand Army to seven), and three divisional headquarters were established to coordinate the units located in the Northern, Central and Southern Military Districts. The division in the Northern Military District was designated the Northern Division, and comprised the 1st and 12th Brigade Groups . Northern Division later became 1st Division . 4th Division was established in

5520-440: The various Territorial units devolved to officers with local units of the New Zealand Military Forces. New Zealand Military Forces The New Zealand Army ( Māori : Ngāti Tūmatauenga , ' Tribe of the God of War ' ) is the principal land warfare force of New Zealand , a component of the New Zealand Defence Force alongside the Royal New Zealand Navy and the Royal New Zealand Air Force . Formed in 1845, as

5600-416: The war as commandant , and was pivotal in ensuring the ongoing provision of reinforcements and support to the NZEF. Major General George Napier Johnston CB CMG DSO (1867–1947) served with New Zealand forces during World War I as director of ordnance and commander of permanent artillery in the New Zealand Defence Force from the outset of World War I during 1914–1918. New Zealand, like Australia, had

5680-405: The war, in early 1942, the 2NZEF contingent in Fiji was expanded to two brigades, and formally designated Pacific Section, 2NZEF . Under the command of Major General Owen Mead , the Pacific Section was withdrawn from Fiji back to New Zealand when the United States 37th Division took over defence responsibility. The Pacific Section later became the 3rd Division , the main unit of the 2NZEF in

5760-419: Was 100,000, from a population of just over a million. Forty-two percent of men of military age served in the NZEF. 16,697 New Zealanders were killed and 41,317 were wounded during the war—a 58 percent casualty rate. Approximately a further thousand men died within five years of the war's end, as a result of injuries sustained, and 507 died whilst training in New Zealand between 1914 and 1918. New Zealand had one of

5840-526: Was brought home in 1989. In the late 1980s, Exercise Golden Fleece was held in the North Island. It was the largest exercise for a long period. During the later part of the 20th century, New Zealand personnel served in a large number of UN and other peacekeeping deployments including: In 1994, the Army was granted a status of iwidom as "Ngāti Tūmatauenga " with the blessings of the Māori Queen Te Atairangikaahu and surrounding tribes of

5920-551: Was closely tied to the AIF for much of the war. When the Gallipoli campaign began, the New Zealand contingent was insufficient to complete a division of their own, so it was combined with the Australian 4th Infantry Brigade to form the New Zealand and Australian Division under the command of General Godley. This division, along with the Australian 1st Division , formed the famous Australian and New Zealand Army Corps (ANZAC) under

6000-584: Was disbanded in 1961, as succeeding governments reduced the force, first to two brigades, and then a single one. This one-brigade force became, in the 1980s, the Integrated Expansion Force, to be formed by producing three composite battalions from the six Territorial Force infantry regiments. In 1978, a national museum for the Army, the QEII Army Memorial Museum , was built at Waiouru , the Army's main training base in

6080-404: Was finally agreed by the New Zealand government in August 2011, and was implemented in 2012. 2NZEF The New Zealand Expeditionary Force (NZEF) was the title of the military forces sent from New Zealand to fight alongside other British Empire and Dominion troops during World War I (1914–1918) and World War II (1939–1945). Ultimately, the NZEF of World War I became known as

6160-487: Was invited by the New Zealand government to visit and advise on the country's defence arrangements. At the conclusion of his visit he made a number of recommendations, one of which was the establishment of a New Zealand Staff Corps. This corps was to consist of a cadre of regular officers of the New Zealand Permanent Forces which would provide professional guidance and administration of the units of

6240-518: Was moved to Palmerston North. The Army was prepared to field a Ready Reaction Force which was a battalion group based on 2/1 RNZIR; the Integrated Expansion Force (17 units) brigade sized, which would be able to follow up 90 days after mobilization; and a Force Maintenance Group of 19 units to provide logistical support to both forces. The battalion in South East Asia, designated 1st Battalion, Royal New Zealand Infantry Regiment by that time,

6320-688: Was only a single supervisory District Gunner. All three were disbanded in 1967. Through the 1950s, New Zealand Army forces were deployed to the Malayan Emergency , and the Confrontation with Indonesia . A Special Air Service squadron was raised for this commitment, but most forces came from the New Zealand infantry battalion in the Malaysia–Singapore area. The battalion was committed to the Far East Strategic Reserve . The 1957 national government defence review directed

6400-650: Was recognised there was a need for increased military cooperation between the Dominions of the British Empire . Each Dominion was expected to be capable of raising an expeditionary force with units organised along the lines of the British Army . It was quite clearly apparent that the current system, based on the Volunteer Force, would fall well short of what would be required. The passing of

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