64-481: Newbattle (from Old Scots Neubothle , "new building") is a village and civil parish in Midlothian , Scotland. The village lies south of Dalkeith , about seven miles from Edinburgh . It is notable for containing Newbattle Abbey , a stately home built on the site of a 12th-century Cistercian monastery. The civil parish, which also includes Newtongrange , had a population of 21,534 in 2011. Newbattle Abbey
128-783: A bugler. It was founded officially in 1898, with official permission for the band being given by the Duke of Connaught , first Colonel-in Chief of the RAMC. In 1902, the band had reached a stature to where it could take part in the Coronation Procession of King Edward VII . On 1 January 1939, the RAMC Band was taken over by the Army Council and was officially recognised as a state sponsored band. In 1962, Derek Waterhouse became
192-602: A new church, the proverbial "stone's throw away", so still within the abbey grounds. What resulted was a new independent Newbattle Church that would see traumatic times, as Scotland, in particular, entered the Period of Unsettlement. Little is known about the Newbattle church built after the Reformation. It was situated somewhere on the other side of Newbattle Road from the present church. While it has always been Protestant,
256-418: A radical social shift occurred whereby many Gaelic speakers became assimilated into the new social system and its language. The increasing economic influence of the burghs attracted further English, Fleming and Scandinavian immigration. As the economic power of the burghs grew, Gaelic-speakers from the hinterland found it advantageous to acquire a working knowledge of English. The institutional language of
320-411: A regimental level. At the time a regiment of 1,044 men would have a medical staff of one surgeon and two assistants (with an additional assistant being appointed if the regiment was stationed abroad, so as to allow the senior assistant to remain at home with the companies appointed to the depot ). The regimental basis of appointment for MOs continued until 1873, when a coordinated army medical service
384-624: A stretch), and less recognition in honours and awards. They did not have their own identity as did the Army Service Corps, whose officers did have military rank. A number of complaints were published, and the British Medical Journal campaigned loudly. For over two years from 27 July 1887 there were no recruits to the Army Medical Department. A parliamentary committee reported in 1890, highlighting
448-608: A tri-service body, with the hospital facilities of Army, Royal Air Force and Royal Navy combined. The main hospital facility is now the Royal Centre for Defence Medicine at Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham , a joint military- National Health Service centre. The majority of injured service personnel were treated in Selly Oak Hospital in Birmingham prior to the new Queen Elizabeth Hospital's opening. There
512-714: Is a memorial to those of the parish who served during World War II. The third window commemorates that Newbattle was the Garrison Church for the Forces personnel, in particular the Royal Army Medical Corps , stationed at the Abbey and the adjoining Camp. An unofficial record of those who gave of their service during the period of the Second World war and beyond, remain written on the walls just inside
576-423: Is generally accepted as 1729. At the beginning of the 18th century, the floor of a church consisted of earth, and, while the laird would erect a loft or seat, the majority of the congregation sat on stools placed upon the earthen floor. Although, in 1739, lofts were erected in the north and south aisles of Newbattle church, it was not until 1750 that seats were purchased and the passageways paved. The south wall of
640-512: Is still remembered today as a scholar and preacher. In 1720, the building was in such a poor state of repair that the minister, the Rev. Charles Campbell, thought it would possibly fall down. In September 1725, the Marquess of Lothian presented plans for a new church to Dalkeith Presbytery and the heritors (landowners). Edinburgh architect Mr Alexander McGill had drawn up these plans, and, although
704-484: The Duke of Wellington during the Peninsular War . During that time he had introduced significant changes in the organisation of the army's medical services, placing them on a far more formal footing: together with George Guthrie , he instituted the use of dedicated ambulance wagons to transport the wounded, and set up a series of temporary hospitals (formed of prefabricated huts brought over from Britain) to aid
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#1732793952257768-639: The Firth of Forth "divides the kingdoms of the Scots and of the English". Political developments in the 12th century facilitated the spread of the English language. Institutions such as the burghs first established by David I , mostly in the south and east of Scotland, brought new communities into the areas in which they were established. Incoming burghers were mainly English (notably from regions like Yorkshire and Huntingdonshire ), Dutch and French . Although
832-574: The House of Dunkeld led to the throne being passed to three families of Anglo-French origin, the Balliols , Bruces and Stewarts . After the death of King Robert I , the kings of Scotland (with the exception of King Robert II ) increasingly identified themselves with the English-speaking part of the kingdom. As a result, by the reign of King James I of Scotland , the political heartland of
896-582: The Restoration of Charles II in 1660. Prior to this, from as early as the 13th century there are records of surgeons and physicians being appointed by the English army to attend in times of war; but this was the first time a career was provided for a Medical Officer (MO), both in peacetime and in war. For much of the next two hundred years, army medical provision was mostly arranged on a regimental basis, with each battalion arranging its own hospital facilities and medical supplies. An element of oversight
960-760: The Royal Army Dental Corps and Queen Alexandra's Royal Army Nursing Corps to form one unified corps, the Royal Army Medical Service , on 15 November 2024. The corps established a network of home-country military hospitals for military casualties during the First World War . The hospitals were managed by Territorial Force personnel and were headquartered as follows: London Command Eastern Command Northern Command Western Command Southern Command Scottish Command The military medical services are now
1024-686: The Royal Victoria Military Hospital, Netley . When the hospital was demolished in 1966, the VC, known as "The Netley VC", was retrieved and is now on display in the Army Medical Services Museum. RAMC officer careers: RAMC soldier trades: Within the military, Medical officers could occupy a number of roles that were dependent on experience, rank and location. Within military documentation, numerous abbreviations were used to identify these roles, of which
1088-545: The Victoria Cross was instituted in 1856 there have been 27 Victoria Crosses and two bars awarded to army medical personnel. A bar, indicating a subsequent award of a second Victoria Cross, has only ever been awarded three times, two of them to medical officers. Twenty-three of these Victoria Crosses are on display in the Army Medical Services Museum . The corps also has one recipient of both
1152-610: The language later in the Middle Scots period. Northumbrian Old English had been established in south-eastern Scotland as far as the River Forth in the 7th century and largely remained there until the 13th century, which is why in the late 12th century Adam of Dryburgh described his locality as "in the land of the English in the Kingdom of the Scots " and why the early 13th century author of de Situ Albanie wrote that
1216-884: The low countries . From Scandinavian (often via Scandinavian influenced Middle English ) came at (that/who), byg (build), bak (bat), bla ( blae ), bra ( brae ), ferlie (marvel), flyt (remove), fra (from), gar (compel), gowk (cuckoo), harnis (brains), ithand (industrious), low (flame), lug (an appendage, ear), man (must), neve (fist), sark (shirt), spe (prophesy), þa (those), til (to), tinsell (loss), wycht (valiant), and wyll (lost, confused). The Flemings introduced bonspell (sporting contest), bowcht ( sheep pen ), cavie ( hen coop ), crame (a booth), furisine ( flint striker), grotkyn (a gross ), howff (courtyard), kesart (cheese vat), lunt (match), much (a cap), muchkin (a liquid measure), skaff (scrounge), wapinschaw (muster of militia), wyssill (change of money), and
1280-1138: The Army Medical School. In 1884 the medical officers of the Army Medical Department were brought together with the quartermasters who provided their supplies to form the Army Medical Staff , which was given command of the Medical Staff Corps (which consisted entirely of other ranks ). Nevertheless, there was much unhappiness in the Army Medical Service in the following years as medical officers did not have military rank but "advantages corresponding to relative military rank" (such as choice of quarters, rates of lodging money, servants, fuel and light, allowances on account of injuries received in action, and pensions and allowances to widows and families). They had inferior pay in India, excessive amounts of Indian and colonial service (being required to serve in India six years at
1344-749: The Army had just two ambulance wagons, both of which were left behind in Bulgaria, and it relied for stretcher bearers on the Hospital Conveyance Corps (which was made up of pensioners and others deemed too infirm to fight). Two base hospitals were set up in Scutari , more than 300 miles from the front. Within weeks of arriving, more than half the British force had been incapacitated by disease (mainly typhus , dysentery and cholera ); and in
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#17327939522571408-672: The Dalkeith Fair. The Newbattle Fair became known as the Newbattle Sacrament, a Day of Freedom. The Rev Aird did many things for the Parish, such as implementing Knox 's ideal for a Settled School in every Parish, the first Parish School being built in the area close to the site of the present church. Robert Leighton [1] , who was minister from 1641 to 1653 before becoming Principal of the University of Edinburgh ,
1472-619: The Director-General grew, and from 1833 he was given sole charge of the department. That same year the (hitherto separate) Irish Medical Board was merged into the department, as was the Ordnance Medical Department twenty years later. The Crimean War , however, would lay bare the inadequacies of the Army Medical Department (and many others). In 1854 there were only 163 surgeons on the Department's books;
1536-636: The Isle of Wight, where soldiers invalided home from service overseas were initially sent). In 1810 the offices of Surgeon-general and Physician-general were abolished and a new Army Medical Department was established, overseen by a board chaired by a Director-General of the Medical Department. James McGrigor served in this role from 1815 to 1851: McGrigor, who has been called the Father of Army Medicine, had served as principal medical officer under
1600-566: The RAMC and the Army itself were, decided that a radical reform was needed. Chief among them was Alfred Fripp , who had been chosen by the Imperial Yeomanry Hospital Committee to order all the necessary materials and medical personnel, and oversee the setting-up of a private hospital at Deelfontein to cater, initially, for 520 'sick and wounded.' The contrast between the smooth working of the IYH at Deelfontein with
1664-587: The Scottish king moved from the area around Scone and Perth to the traditionally English area around Edinburgh south of the Forth. By the 14th and 15th centuries, the variety of English ( Inglis ) that resulted from the above influences had replaced Gaelic ( Scottis ) in much of the lowlands and Norman French had ceased to be used as the language of the elite. By this time differentiation into Southern, Central and Northern dialects had perhaps occurred. Scots
1728-602: The United Kingdom and established clinics and hospitals in countries where there were British troops. Major-General Sir William Macpherson of the RAMC wrote the official Medical History of the War (HMSO 1922). Before the Second World War , RAMC recruits were required to be at least 5 feet 2 inches (1.57 m) tall, and could enlist up to 30 years of age. They initially enlisted for seven years with
1792-783: The Victoria Cross and the Iron Cross . One officer was awarded the George Cross in the Second World War. A young member of the corps, Private Michelle Norris , became the first woman to be awarded the Military Cross following her actions in Iraq on 11 June 2006. One VC is in existence that is not counted in any official records. In 1856, Queen Victoria laid a Victoria Cross beneath the foundation stone of
1856-525: The burghs consisted of vocabulary that was Germanic in origin, such English terms as toft (homestead and land), croft ( smallholding ), ruid (land let by a burgh), guild (a trade association), bow (an arched gateway), wynd (lane) and raw (row of houses). Multilingualism and cultural diversity became increasingly the norm after David I. People in one part of the realm could be addressed as "Franci, Angli, Scoti et Gallovidiani " (French, English, Scots and Galloway -men). The end of
1920-684: The chaos of the RAMC hospitals, where an enteric epidemic had overwhelmed the staff, led to questions in Parliament, mainly by William Burdett-Coutts . In July 1901 the first meeting of the Committee of Reform took place, with all the aforementioned civilian experts, plus Sir Edwin Cooper Perry , making up half the number; the rest were Army men, and included Alfred Keogh , whom the new Secretary of State for War, St John Brodrick , later Earl of Midleton , appointed Chairman of this committee and
1984-459: The church has three traditional style stained glass windows. This wall also supported a gallery and the organ until 1937, when the gallery was removed and the organ re-sited. The large central circular window, depicting the Creation, was designed by Catherine Hamilton, the mother of the Rev. J. Arnott Hamilton, a minister at Newbattle from 1922 to 1952. The window to the left of the circular window,
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2048-410: The coins plak , stek and doyt . A number of Gaelic words such as breive (judge), cane (a tribute), couthal (court of justice), davach (a measure of land), duniwassal (nobleman), kenkynolle (head of the kindred), mare (tax collector), and toschachdor (leader, cf. Irish taoiseach , Welsh tywysog ) occurred in early legal documents but most became obsolete early in
2112-538: The colours, and a further five years with the reserve, or three years and nine years. They trained for six months at the RAMC Depot, Queen Elizabeth Barracks, Church Crookham , before proceeding to specialist trade training. The RAMC Depot moved from Church Crookham to Keogh Barracks in Mytchett in 1964. The Secretary of State for Defence John Healey announced on 15 October 2024, that it would amalgamate with
2176-555: The communities of Newtongrange, Mayfield, and Easthouses, are maintained as centres of worship by the post-2003 Newbattle Parish Church of Scotland . The current minister is the Reverend Sean Swindells. [REDACTED] Media related to Newbattle at Wikimedia Commons Old Scots Early Scots was the emerging literary language of the Early Middle English -speaking parts of Scotland in
2240-545: The doctors' injustices. There was no response from the Secretary of State for War . The British Medical Association , the Royal College of Physicians and others redoubled their protests. Eventually, by authority of a royal warrant dated 25 June 1898, officers and soldiers providing medical services were incorporated into a new body known by its present name, the Royal Army Medical Corps ; its first Colonel-in-Chief
2304-567: The door beside the organ. Some stationed here, some recovering from wounds and/or traumas, some from local voluntary organisations. Newbattle Parish Church remains a parish church of the Church of Scotland . In 2003, the boundaries of the eccleiastical parish (covering Newbattle, Mayfield , and Easthouses ) were extended to include the village of Newtongrange, effectively restoring the original parish borders of several centuries ago. The 18th-century Newbattle church building, together with those within
2368-594: The end of the century the Board had been disestablished, and most of the General Hospitals were closed or repurposed not long afterwards. By 1807 the only General Hospitals in operation were York Hospital (which was close to the Royal Hospital, Chelsea , where invalided soldiers were routinely sent for pension assessment) and the hospital at Parkhurst (which was attached to the army's Invalid Depôt on
2432-616: The evacuation of wounded soldiers from the front line. After the end of the Peninsular War Fort Pitt in Chatham became the de facto headquarters of the Army Medical Department (the Invalid Depôt having relocated to Chatham from the Isle of Wight). A General Military Hospital was established on the site, which took on many of the functions (and most of the patients) of the old York Hospital. The influence of
2496-580: The following are among the most common. Since 1903, the corps had published an academic journal titled the Journal of the Royal Army Medical Corps ( JRAMC ). Its stated aim was to "publish high quality research, reviews and case reports, as well as other invited articles, which pertain to the practice of military medicine in its broadest sense". Submissions were accepted from serving members of all ranks, as well as academics from outside
2560-458: The form of church government has been at different times Presbyterian and Episcopalian. The first permanent minister was Adam Foulis who was translated from Heriot to Newbattle in 1570. He was followed by Robert Wilson in 1573, John Heries in 1583, Alex Ambrose in 1608 and then John Aird in 1615. During John Aird's incumbency, there were between 800 and 900 Communicants within the Parish. The Newbattle Communion Sacrament became such an occasion that it
2624-412: The improvement of sanitary conditions in Army barracks and hospitals; it recommended (among other things) the establishment of an Army Medical School, which was set up in 1860 at Fort Pitt Hospital before moving in 1863 to the new Royal Victoria Military Hospital at Netley outside Southampton. Netley functioned as a general hospital, but much of the army's medical work continued to be carried out at
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2688-445: The language along with other French vocabulary such as cummer (godmother), disjone (breakfast), dour (stern, grim), fasch (annoy), grosar (gooseberry), ladron (rascal), moyen (means), plenissing (furniture) and vevaris (provisions). The vocabulary of Scots was augmented by the speech of Scandinavians, Flemings, Dutch and Middle Low German speakers through trade with, and immigration from,
2752-531: The language an uncannily modern appearance when compared to the writing of English contemporaries such as Geoffrey Chaucer . Some orthographic features distinguishing Northern Middle English and Early Scots from other regional variants of written Middle English are: By the end of the period when Middle Scots began to emerge, orthography and phonology had diverged significantly from that of Northern Middle English . The Early Scots vowel system (c 1375) The major differences to contemporary southern English are
2816-461: The military aristocracy employed French and Gaelic, these small urban communities appear to have been using English as something more than a lingua franca by the end of the 13th century, although this may not be surprising as the area south of the Forth in eastern lowland Scotland was already English speaking and had been since Anglo-Saxon times. Although the population of the largest burghs would have been counted in hundreds rather than thousands,
2880-559: The military. Initially a monthly publication, in 2015 it was being published quarterly by BMJ on behalf of the RAMC Association. The Museum of Military Medicine is based at Keogh Barracks in Mytchett in Surrey. From 1898 to 1984, the RAMC maintained a staff band in its ranks. The earliest record of music in the RAMC was in the 1880s when a Corporal of the Medical Staff Corps was sent to Kneller Hall to be trained as
2944-632: The naval ports of Chatham , Deal , Plymouth and Gosport ( Portsmouth ), and one (known as York Hospital) in Chelsea . These hospitals received large numbers of sick and injured soldiers from the French Revolutionary Wars (so much so that by 1799 additional General Military Hospitals were set up in Yarmouth , Harwich and Colchester Barracks ); the Board, however, was criticised, for both high expenditure and poor management. By
3008-661: The outcome of Anglo-Saxon /oː/ as /øː/ , the distribution of the unchanged Anglo-Saxon /aː/ and /oː/ from Anglo-Saxon /o/ . The Scandinavian-influenced /k/ in words such as birk (birch), brekis ( breeches ), brig (bridge), kirk (church), kist (chest), mekil (much) and rig (ridge), and the retention of Germanic /ou/ in words such as lowp (leap), cowp (cf. cheap, to trade) and nowt (cattle). Renunciation by Alexander Lindsay, knight, Lord of Glenesk, of certain lands, in favour of Margaret Countess of Marr and her sister Elizabeth. 12 March 1379. Royal Army Medical Corps The Royal Army Medical Corps ( RAMC )
3072-416: The period before 1450. The northern forms of Middle English descended from Northumbrian Old English . During this period, speakers referred to the language as "English" ( Inglis , Ynglis , and variants). Early examples such as Barbour ’s The Brus and Wyntoun ’s Chronicle are better explained as part of Northern Middle English than as isolated forerunners of later Scots, a name first used to describe
3136-554: The period. Gaelic words for topographical features have endured, such as bogg (bog), carn (pile of stones), corrie (hollow in a hill), crag (rock), inch (small island), knok (hill), loch (lake or fjord), and strath (river valley). The language first appeared in written form in the mid-14th century, when its written form differed little from that of northern English dialects, and so Scots shared many Northumbrian borrowings from Old Norse and Anglo-Norman French. The reduced set of verb agreement endings in particular give
3200-484: The project was approved, work did not commence on the new building, and on a clean site, until 1727. The design included making use of material from the old church, where suitable, in the construction. In fact a considerable amount of stonework was transferred, to such an extent that all that remained of the old Church was the crypt, which remained as the burial chamber for the Kerr/Lothian family. The completion year
3264-412: The senior RAMC officer seconded to the IYH in Deelfontein who acquiesced in all Fripp's surprising innovations, and Alfred Keogh , whom Fripp recommended to Brodrick as an RAMC man well-regarded when Registrar of No.3 General Hospital in Cape Town . Its main base was for long the Queen Alexandra Military Hospital at Millbank, London (now closed). It set up a network of military general hospitals around
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#17327939522573328-447: The space of seven months some 10,000 British servicemen out of a total of 28,000 had died. In June 1855 a Medical Staff Corps was established (in place of the Hospital Conveyance Corps, which had by then been merged into the Land Transport Corps ). It was formed of nine companies, overseen by a single officer, and had its headquarters at Fort Pitt. The Medical Staff Corps was set up to provide orderlies and stretcher bearers (later it
3392-477: The subsequent Advisory Committee. Neither would have met so soon—if at all—but for Fripp's concern to limit unnecessary suffering, and for his ten years' friendship with the new King, Edward VII . Fripp showed him his plans for reform and the King made sure that they were not shelved by his government. Part of his plan was to move the Netley Hospital and Medical School to a Thames-side site at Millbank , London. Cooper Perry , Fripp's colleague from Guy's Hospital ,
3456-522: Was Prince Arthur, Duke of Connaught . The RAMC began to develop during the Boer War of 1899–1902. The Corps itself lost 743 officers and 6130 soldiers in the war. However, far more of them, and thousands more of the sick and wounded whom they treated, would have died if it had not been for the civilian doctors working in South Africa as volunteers—such as Sir Frederick Treves , Sir George Makins , Sir Howard Henry Tooth and Professor Alexander Ogston —who, having seen how unprepared to deal with epidemics
3520-426: Was a specialist corps in the British Army which provided medical services to all Army personnel and their families, in war and in peace. On 15 November 2024, the corps was amalgamated with the Royal Army Dental Corps and Queen Alexandra's Royal Army Nursing Corps to form the Royal Army Medical Service . Medical services in the British armed services date from the formation of the Standing Regular Army after
3584-718: Was also beginning to replace Latin as a language for records and literature. In Caithness , it came into contact with both Norn and Gaelic . The core vocabulary is of Anglo-Saxon origin although many of the differences in the phonology, morphology and lexicon in the northern and southern dialects of Middle English have been traced to the linguistic influence in the North of the eighth- and ninth-century Viking invaders who first plundered, then conquered and settled in, large territories in Northumbria, Lincolnshire and East Anglia. Scots also retained many words which became obsolete farther south. The pattern of foreign borrowings, such as Romance via ecclesiastical and legal Latin and French,
3648-401: Was founded in 1140 by monks from Melrose Abbey . The patron was King David I of Scotland (with his son Henry). Its church was dedicated in 1234. The abbey was burned by English royal forces in 1385 and once more in 1544. It became a secular lordship for the last commendator, Mark Kerr (Ker) in 1587. After the Reformation most of the remains of the abbey church were removed and used to build
3712-410: Was held in the Churchyard Cemetery. Here a tent was erected and the Welsh Family Table monument was used to dispense not only the Communion but also refreshments after the Service. Such was the popularity of the Newbattle Communion Sacrament that adjoining Parishes closed on such Sundays and the occasion became known as a Holy Fair. The principle was adopted by local Parishes, resulting in such events as
3776-406: Was instrumental in making this happen, as well as using his formidable talents as an organizer in other services for the Reform Committee. Fripp and Cooper Perry were knighted for their services to the RAMC Committee of Reform in 1903. During the First World War , the corps reached its apogee both in size and experience. The two people in charge of the RAMC in the Great War were Arthur Sloggett ,
3840-795: Was much the same as that of contemporary English but was often different in detail because of the continuing influence of the Auld Alliance and the imaginative use of Latinisms in literature. During this period a number of words of Anglo-Saxon origin, such as anerly (alone), berynes (grave), clenge (cleanse), halfindall (a half part), scathful (harmful), sturting (contention), thyrllage (bondage), and umbeset (surround), were now almost or completely unique to Scots. French-derived warfare terms such as arsoun (saddle-bow), bassynet (helmet), eschell (battalion), hawbrek (coat of mail), qwyrbolle (hardened leather), troppell (troop), vaward (vanguard), and vyre (crossbow bolt) became part of
3904-620: Was press coverage critical of the standard of care during the surge of UK military commitments in the years following the second invasion of Iraq, but it was later reported that the care provided to injured troops had significantly improved. Queen Alexandra Hospital in Portsmouth , Derriford Hospital in Plymouth , James Cook University Hospital in Middlesbrough and Frimley Park Hospital (near Aldershot Garrison ) also have military hospital units attached to them but they do not treat operational casualties. The RAMC had its own distinctive insignia: Colonels-in-Chief have been: Since
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#17327939522573968-444: Was provided by the appointment of three officials: a Surgeon-general , a Physician-general and an Apothecary-general . In 1793 an Army Medical Board was formed (consisting of the Surgeon-general, Physician-general and Inspector of Regimental Infirmaries), which promoted a more centralised approach drawing on concurrent civilian healthcare practices. The Board set up five General (as opposed to regimental) Military Hospitals: four in
4032-439: Was renamed the Army Hospital Corps, but reverted to its original title in 1884). The officers known as purveyors, who were responsible for medical provisioning, were formed into a separate Purveyors' Department by a Royal Warrant of 1861; nine years later it was merged into the Control Department, and later became part of the Army Service Corps . In 1857, in response to the Crimean debacle, a Royal Commission had been appointed for
4096-410: Was set up. To join, a doctor needed to be qualified, single, and aged at least 21, and then undergo a further examination in physiology, surgery, medicine, zoology, botany and physical geography including meteorology, and also to satisfy various other requirements (including having dissected the whole body at least once and having attended 12 midwifery cases); the results were published in three classes by
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