58-638: Newington Butts is a former hamlet, now an area of the London Borough of Southwark , London, England, that gives its name to a segment of the A3 road running south-west from the Elephant and Castle junction. The road continues as Kennington Park Road leading to Kennington ; a fork right is Kennington Lane , leading to Vauxhall Bridge . Michael Faraday was born in Newington Butts in 1791. It
116-466: A rent that residents can afford, based on means testing , via headlease and/or by the Housing List. In many blocks a mixture of social, shared-ownership and private sector housing exists, particularly in those where the right to buy has been exercised and in newer developments. (31.2) (23.8) (26.7) South Bank, London The South Bank is an entertainment and commercial area on
174-732: A local community activist who was part of the Coin Street Action Group. The South Bank is a significant arts and entertainment district. The Southbank Centre comprises the Royal Festival Hall, the Queen Elizabeth Hall and The Hayward Gallery . The Royal National Theatre, the London IMAX super cinema and BFI Southbank adjoin to the east, but are not strictly part of the centre. Polish-British visual chronicler and artist Feliks Topolski
232-521: A vibrant residential and cultural hub, a trend that is set to continue with more riverside projects on the horizon. The South Bank is not formally defined, but is generally understood to be situated between County Hall in the west to the Oxo Tower on the borough boundary with Southwark , to the east. South Bank consists of a narrow strip of riverside land opposite the City of Westminster and adjoins
290-728: A £3,000,000 conservation and renovation program, funded by the Heritage Lottery Fund , private donations and several other grant bodies, and raised by the artist's son, Daniel Topolski . Reopened by the Duke of Edinburgh in 2009, the Memoir only ran for a year due to commercial pressures and was converted into the Bar Topolski, where some of Topolski's work can still be seen. County Hall was converted into The London Marriott Hotel County Hall , Sea Life London Aquarium and
348-613: Is at Elephant and Castle, and Camberwell College of Arts is on Peckham Road. The largest university teaching hospital in Europe, King's College London , is at the Guy's Hospital site, merging the teaching activities of the Guy's, St Thomas' and King's College Hospitals here. St Thomas' was founded in the mid-12th century in the borough and parts of it remain at St Thomas Street ; Guy's was founded opposite this in 1725. The Salvation Army maintains
406-763: Is based at City Hall . The press and publishing industry is also well represented in Southwark; the Financial Times has its head office in Southwark Bridge Road, and IPC Magazines in Southwark Street. Campus Living Villages UK also has its head office in the borough. Some of the old industrial and wharfside heritage remains at the now-defunct Surrey Commercial Docks now Surrey Quays , including Greenland Dock and Baltic Quay , where major residential schemes were developed in
464-459: Is believed to take its name from an archery butts , or practice field. The area gave its name to an Elizabethan theatre which saw the earliest recorded performances of some Shakespearean plays. The Middle English word "butt" referred to an abutting strip of land, and is often associated with medieval field systems. The 1955 Survey of London published by London County Council could find no historical reference to archery butts in newington although
522-642: Is connected by bridges across the River Thames to the City of London and the London Borough of Tower Hamlets . It was created in 1965 when three smaller council areas were amalgamated under the London Government Act 1963 . All districts of the area are within the London postal district . It is governed by Southwark London Borough Council . The part of the South Bank within the borough
580-614: Is home to London Bridge terminus station and the attractions of The Shard , Tate Modern , Shakespeare's Globe and Borough Market that are the largest of the venues in Southwark to draw domestic and international tourism . Dulwich is home to the Dulwich Picture Gallery and the Imperial War Museum is in Elephant and Castle . The name Suthriganaweorc or Suthringa geweorche is recorded for
638-744: Is in Dulwich. Bold Tendencies is an annual exhibition space in a former car park on Rye Lane in Peckham which has shown work by Simon Whybray, Jenny Holzer , Derek Jarman , Rene Matić, and Gray Wielebinski . Another museum is the Old Operating Theatre . One former museum include the Cuming Museum and the Livesey Museum for Children was a free children's museum housed in the former Camberwell Public Library No.1, which
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#1732779570068696-626: Is part of the Albert Embankment, built not only for public drainage but also to raise the whole tract of land to prevent flooding. Change began in 1917 with the construction of County Hall, near North Lambeth 's Lower Marsh. which replaced the Lion Brewery. Its Coade stone symbol was retained and placed on a pedestal at Westminster Bridge and is known as the South Bank Lion . The construction of County Hall returned
754-613: Is the home of many Nigerian (Peckham is largely regarded as the heart of London's Nigerian community), Jamaican, South African, South American, Polish, and French immigrants. t According to the last census, Southwark was at the time about 50% Christian. It has many notable places of Christian worship and ceremony: Anglican, Roman Catholic and other denominations. These include Charles Spurgeon 's Metropolitan Tabernacle , Southwark Cathedral (Church of England), Saint George's Cathedral (Roman Catholic), and Saint Mary's Cathedral (Greek Orthodox). London's Norwegian Church , Finnish Church and
812-475: The City of London it became home to activities such as plays that were banned near London during hot weather, for fear of spreading infection. In the 17th and 18th centuries, the triangle of ground between the roads was known as the Three Falcons and was copyhold of the manor of Walworth. In 1791 the leading scientist Michael Faraday was born at Newington Butts. In 1802, Thomas Hardwick reported that
870-777: The London Dungeon . The OXO Tower Wharf at the eastern end of South Bank, houses Gallery@Oxo, shops and boutiques, and the OXO Tower Restaurant run by Harvey Nichols . Gabriel's Wharf is a redeveloped wharf on the South Bank, which has been converted into a shopping area. The London Studios , the former home of ITV faces the Thames and Rambert Dance Company have their new studios on Upper Ground. The Old Vic and Young Vic theatres are nearby. The Florence Nightingale Museum to nursing, medicine and
928-686: The Southbank Centre . During the years following the festival the arts and entertainment complex grew with additional facilities, including the Queen Elizabeth Hall , and other arts venues opened along the river such as the Royal National Theatre . The recent developments, particularly the South Bank Place project by Canary Wharf Homes, underscore the ongoing transformation of the South Bank into
986-532: The Stirling Prize for modern architecture. Another architecturally innovative library designed by Piers Gough , Canada Water Library opened in 2011. South London Gallery between Camberwell and Peckham is split across two buildings on Peckham Road. The Tate Modern is also based at Bankside. MOCA, London, as curated by the artist Michael Petry , and Flat Time House are both contemporary art galleries on Bellenden Road. Dulwich Picture Gallery also
1044-647: The William Booth Memorial Training College at Denmark Hill. Founded in 1945, Mountview Academy of Theatre Arts moved to Peckham in 2018. Southwark has a wide variety of housing, including council housing such as the post- Blitz Aylesbury Estate and the Heygate Estate to provide homes to low-income residents. The aforementioned estates have been turned over to local housing associations to demolish and redevelop as mixed-tenure developments. Southwark Council and
1102-474: The 1980s and 1990s. Near Tower Bridge , old warehouses have been converted to new mixed uses at Butler's Wharf and Hay's Wharf . Similarly, further west, the Oxo Tower hosts restaurants, shops and housing. There are major retail concentrations at Surrey Quays, Old Kent Road, Elephant & Castle/Walworth Road and central Peckham. Southwark is currently home to three Opportunity Areas (areas with capacity for significant economic development) as designated in
1160-588: The Albert Embankment to the west and Bankside in the London Borough of Southwark to the east. As such, the South Bank may be regarded as akin to the riverside part of an area known previously as Lambeth Marsh and North Lambeth. There are public open space along the riverside, including Bernie Spain Gardens between the London Studios and the Oxo Tower. The gardens were named after Bernadette Spain,
1218-450: The Albert Embankment to the west and Bankside in the London Borough of Southwark to the east. As such, the South Bank may be regarded as akin to the riverside part of an area known previously as Lambeth Marsh and North Lambeth. Throughout its history, it has twice functioned as an entertainment district, interspersed by around a hundred years of wharfs, domestic industry and manufacturing being its dominant use. Change came in 1917 with
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#17327795700681276-614: The Crimean War adjoins the 'district'. The undercroft of the Queen Elizabeth Hall has been used by skateboarders since the early 1970s. Originally an architectural dead-spot, it became a landmark of British skateboarding culture, but later was under threat, though supported by the Long Live Southbank campaign. Part of the Southbank Centre was turned into shops looking out over the river. The South Bank
1334-612: The Greater London Authority have invested tens of millions of pounds in supporting the respective housing associations complete these projects, which in both cases will lead to a large increase in the number of properties on the sites, with an almost equal reduction in the amount of social housing: the Aylesbury Estate originally housed 2,403 properties at social rent while post-development there will be 1,323 for social rent and 1,733 for private sale; meanwhile
1392-553: The Heygate Estate had 1,214 properties before demolition, most of which were leased at social rent, while the final plans for the development will see 2,530 homes, of which 500 will be social housing. Southwark's local residents' returns recorded in 2011 that its rented sector comprised 53.4% of its housing, marginally below the highest in England, which was recorded by Camden , at 53.5%. In neighbouring Lambeth this figure
1450-583: The Mayor of London's London Plan. These are Elephant and Castle, Canada Water and Old Kent Road. London South Bank University (LSBU) has over 23,000 students and 1,700 staff at its principal Elephant and Castle site. The Chancellor is the entrepreneur newscaster Richard Farleigh . The University of the Arts London has two of its colleges in the borough: the London College of Communication
1508-496: The South Bank, from west to east, at Westminster , Waterloo , Embankment , Blackfriars and Southwark . The development of the Thameslink Blackfriars railway station in the early 2010s, which has access from both the southern and northern side of the river, prompted the additional named signage "for Bankside and South Bank". Accessibility to the north bank is high, with connections made, from west to east, over
1566-657: The St Olave District merged to become the Metropolitan Borough of Bermondsey , the parish of Camberwell was made the Metropolitan Borough of Camberwell , and Newington, Southwark St George the Martyr, and the St Saviour's District merged to become the Metropolitan Borough of Southwark . The City of London's Bridge Without ward which had covered parts of Southwark was effectively abolished as part of
1624-739: The Swedish Seamen's Church are all in Rotherhithe . Saint George the Martyr is the oldest church in London dedicated to England's patron saint. Southwark has the most British-Nigerian churches in the country and the highest concentration of African churches outside the continent. Places of worship for Sunni Muslims , Hindus , Sikhs and Jews exist. Per the 2011 Census, 35.6% of the borough's resident respondents identified as non-religious , or chose not to state their faith. Religion in Southwark (2021 census) The following table shows
1682-467: The Thames was embanked, this area of Lambeth was often flooded, so the area was slower to develop than the north bank of the Thames. Throughout its history, it has twice functioned as an entertainment district, interspersed by around a hundred years of wharfs, domestic industry and manufacturing being its dominant use. During the Middle Ages this area developed as a place of entertainment outside
1740-563: The Victorian suburbs of Camberwell, Peckham and Nunhead, and the prosperous "village" of Dulwich with some very large houses forms the far south of the borough. Tower Bridge , the Millennium Bridge , Blackfriars Bridge , Southwark Bridge and London Bridge all connect the City of London to the borough. The Tate Modern art gallery, Shakespeare's Globe Theatre , the Imperial War Museum and Borough Market are also within
1798-620: The artist's legacy. Topolski was provided with three further arches in 1975 by the Greater London Council (GLC) , where he painted his epic 600ft long, 12-20ft high 'Memoir of the Century'. Telling his broad-ranging experience of the 20th century, Topolski painted the work from 1975 until his death, writing that he hoped to die working on it, with a brush in his hand. It remained open until 2006 in its original state, working with students, but, due to its poor condition, underwent
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1856-472: The borough. At one mile (1.6 km) wide, Burgess Park is Southwark's largest green space. The Norwood Ridge , save for around its broad northern third, forms the borough's boundary. Along these crests, against the extreme of the borough's southern narrow taper, is the highest point of the borough, Sydenham Hill . This is the fifteenth-highest peak in London . The main watercourse is the Thames bounding
1914-657: The city north of the Thames; certain judicial powers over the borough were still exercised by the Surrey authorities. From 1856 the area was also governed by the Metropolitan Board of Works , which was established to provide services across the metropolis of London. In 1889 the Metropolitan Board of Works' area was made the County of London . From 1856 until 1900 the lower tier of local government within
1972-594: The connection is mentioned elsewhere (e.g., in 1792). The name may have alternatively derived from the triangle of land between the roads, as the word "butts" is used elsewhere in Surrey to refer to odd corners or ends of land. Newington was a rural village that grew up on the Walworth Road at its junction with the Portsmouth Road , about a mile south of London Bridge . Being outside the jurisdiction of
2030-732: The construction of County Hall at Lambeth replacing the Lion Brewery. The name South Bank was first widely used in 1951 during the Festival of Britain . The festival redefined the area as a place for arts and entertainment. The area's attractions includes the County Hall complex, the Sea Life London Aquarium , the London Dungeon , Jubilee Gardens and the London Eye , the Southbank Centre , Royal Festival Hall , National Theatre , and BFI Southbank . Before
2088-841: The developed area. These mounds might recall archery butts but this has been denied by the Elephant and Castle Regeneration Team. In Cockney rhyming slang , 'Newington Butts' means ' guts '. The Newington Butts Theatre was one of the earliest Elizabethan theatres , possibly predating even The Theatre of 1576 and the Curtain Theatre , which are usually regarded as the first dedicated playhouses in London. 51°29′34″N 0°6′4″W / 51.49278°N 0.10111°W / 51.49278; -0.10111 London Borough of Southwark The London Borough of Southwark ( / ˈ s ʌ ð ə k / SUDH -ərk ) in South London forms part of Inner London and
2146-737: The east – to the Crossness works . Similarly reformed, into all three types of drainage (foul, combined, surface), are the Neckinger and Peck catchments of the borough. The local authority is Southwark Council, based at 160 Tooley Street . Since 2000, for elections to the London Assembly , the borough forms part of the Lambeth and Southwark constituency. The borough is covered by three parliamentary constituencies . All three are currently represented by Labour MPs . ( Neil Coyle
2204-433: The estate consisted of a number of small tenements in bad condition. In the spring of 2008, St Mary's Churchyard, the green open space on the northern border of Newington Butts, was given a face lift. The largely grassy area now contains a children's playground . Dotted about within the playground and on the grass elsewhere are concrete mounds with rubber (safety) surfaces which were designed to add interest and topography to
2262-542: The first section of river frontage to public use. This was extended eastwards in 1951 when a considerable area was redeveloped for the Festival of Britain . It was renamed 'South Bank' as part of promoting the Festival. The legacy of the festival was mixed, with buildings and exhibits demolished to make way for Jubilee Gardens , while the Royal Festival Hall and The Queen's Walk were retained as part of
2320-473: The formal regulation of the City of London on the north bank; this included theatres, prostitution and bear-baiting . By the 18th century the more genteel entertainment of the pleasure gardens had developed. The shallow bank and mud flats were ideal locations for industry and docks and went on to develop as an industrial location in a patchwork of private ownership. The Queen's Walk pedestrianised embankment
2378-448: The men of the southern district)", so the change from "southern district work" to the latter "southern work" may be an evolution based on the elision of the single syllable ge element, meaning district. The strategic context of the defences would have been in relation to London , its bridge and preventing waterborne attackers from travelling further up the Thames . Southwark is the oldest part of south London . An urban area to
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2436-505: The metropolis comprised various parish vestries and district boards . The parishes of Bermondsey , Camberwell , Newington , Rotherhithe and Southwark St George the Martyr were governed by their individual vestries, whilst other smaller parishes and liberties were grouped into the St Olave District and St Saviour's District . In 1900 the lower tier was reorganised into metropolitan boroughs . Bermondsey, Rotherhithe and
2494-410: The neighbouring City of London . There was a parliamentary borough (constituency) of Southwark from 1295 onwards. London was given various manorial and judicial rights over parts of Southwark, notably in 1327 and 1550, when Southwark was brought within the city boundaries as the ward of Bridge Without . However, the city's authority over Southwark was not as complete as it was for the older part of
2552-499: The north of the borough into which the area drains. The southern 2 ⁄ 3 of the borough is the valley catchment of a present sewerage and surface water drainage basin , once a large stream with complex mouths across the north of the borough, the Effra . It is in very large part converted to a combined sewer under a Joseph Bazalgette -engineered reform to enable general urbanisation; all combined and public foul sewers drain far to
2610-755: The old borough where he lived as a young man. The site of The Tabard inn (featured in Chaucer's Canterbury Tales ), the White Hart inn and the George Inn which survives. The rebuilt Globe Theatre and its exhibition on the Bankside remind us of the area's being the birthplace of classical theatre. There is also the remains of the Rose Theatre . In 2007 the Unicorn Theatre for Children
2668-406: The place in the early 10th-century Anglo-Saxon document known as the Burghal Hidage and means " Surrey folk's fort" or "the defensive work of the men of Surrey". Southwark is recorded in the 1086 Domesday Book as Sudweca . The name means "southern defensive work" and is formed from the Old English sūþ (south) and weorc (work). In Old English , Surrey means "southern district (or
2726-422: The reforms, losing all its territory. The larger London Borough of Southwark was created in 1965 under the London Government Act 1963 , covering the combined area of the former metropolitan boroughs of Southwark, Bermondsey and Camberwell. The borough borders the City of London and the London Borough of Tower Hamlets to the north (the River Thames forming the boundary), the London Borough of Lambeth to
2784-411: The religious identity of residents residing in Southwark according to the 2001, 2011 and the 2021 censuses. Ex- St Thomas's Church is the Old Operating Theatre Museum and Herb Garret . The other redundant church in public use is Francis Bedford 's in Trinity Church Square , as recording studio Henry Wood Hall . Southwark has many literary associations. Charles Dickens set several of his novels in
2842-399: The south bank of the River Thames , in the London Borough of Lambeth , central London , England. The South Bank is not formally defined, but is generally understood to be situated between County Hall in the west to the Oxo Tower on the borough boundary with Southwark , to the east. South Bank consists of a narrow strip of riverside land opposite the City of Westminster and adjoins
2900-438: The south of the bridge was first developed in the Roman period, but subsequently abandoned. The name Southwark dates from the establishment of a defensive position in the area by King Alfred in the 9th century. Southwark was an ancient borough , being described as a borough from at least the 12th century. The area historically formed part of the county of Surrey . Southwark had a complicated administrative relationship with
2958-410: The west and the London Borough of Lewisham to the east. To the south the borough tapers giving a brief border with the London Borough of Bromley . The northwest part of the borough is part of Central London and is densely developed. To the east, the Rotherhithe peninsula has lower-density modern housing and open space around the former Surrey Commercial Docks . The southern part of Southwark includes
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#17327795700683016-414: The windows from the dismantled annex to Westminster Abbey were repurposed to fit Topolski's studio. Over the years the studio became a central feature of the South Bank, hosting countless people at his 'Open Studio' Fridays from 3pm, with an open door to whosever wished to pop their head in. Now the Studio functions as an archive and exhibition space operated by Topolski Memoir, the charity set up to preserve
3074-442: Was 47.3% and in neighbouring Croydon the figure was 29.7%. Southwark had the greatest proportion of social housing in England, 43.7% (31.2% owned by the council itself with the other social housing in the hands of housing associations), at the time of the 2011 census. Tenant management organisations benefit many apartment blocks. The council set much housing policy among Housing Association blocks to allocate homes based on need and
3132-473: Was given to the people of Southwark by the industrialist Sir George Livesey. The museum was closed by Southwark council in 2008. The northern end of the borough opposite the Square Mile includes the More London and London Bridge City developments accommodating the offices of major professional service firms. Notable such businesses include PricewaterhouseCoopers , Norton Rose , Ernst & Young , Lawrence Graham and Actis . The Greater London Authority
3190-456: Was opened on Tooley Street. The Southwark Playhouse is in Elephant and Castle and the Union Theatre is on Union Street near Southwark station. The Menier Chocolate Factory combines a theatre and exhibition space, whilst the newly opened Bridge Theatre is next to Tower Bridge and City Hall. The borough hosts the main site of the Imperial War Museum at the south end of Borough High Street. Peckham Library , designed by Will Alsop won
3248-421: Was provided a studio under one of the arches of Hungerford Bridge in 1951, where he worked consistently until his death in 1989. Topolski was commissioned to produce a 60ft by 20ft mural under the arch over Belvedere Road for the Festival of Britain , unknowingly painting only two arches up from his eventual studio.[6] Offered to him by David Eccles , it wasn't until 1953 and Queen Elizabeth II's coronation , when
3306-455: Was suspended from Labour on 11 February 2022, but re-admitted in May 2023, sitting in the interim as an independent . ) At the 2001 census Southwark had a population of 244,866. Southwark was ethnically 63.04% white, 5.9% Asian or Asian British, and 25.9% black or black British. By 2021 the population was 307,640, with 51.5% white, 9.9% Asian or Asian British, and 25.1% black or black British. 31% of householders were owner–occupiers. The area
3364-430: Was the main scene of the 1952 comedy film The Happy Family , set around the Festival of Britain. Part of the success of the area as a visitor attraction is attributed to the high levels of public transport access. Several major railway terminals are within walking distance of the South Bank, on both sides of the river, including Waterloo , Charing Cross and Blackfriars . The London Underground has stations on or near
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