An economist is a professional and practitioner in the social science discipline of economics .
53-457: Terence James O'Neill, Baron O'Neill of Gatley (born 17 March 1957) is a British economist best known for coining BRIC , the acronym that stands for Brazil , Russia , India , and China —the four once rapidly developing countries that he predicted would challenge the global economic power of the developed G7 economies. He is also a former chairman of Goldman Sachs Asset Management and former Conservative government minister. O'Neill
106-690: A Master of Arts (MA) degree in economics from Sheffield University in 1978. He earned his PhD degree in economics from the University of Surrey in 1982, with a thesis titled An empirical investigation into the OPEC surplus and its disposal . On the 16 January 2024, O’Neill was granted an honorary Doctorate of Letters by the University of Hull . Early in his career, O'Neill worked at Bank of America and Marine Midland Bank . In 1988, he joined Swiss Bank Corporation where he became SBC's chief of global research. He joined Goldman Sachs in 1997 and he
159-546: A bike shop and significant office space and additional units. Gatley has three smaller areas of local shops on Pendlebury Road, Foxland Road and Silverdale Road, each with between two and six commercial premises. There are also three small-medium-sized office blocks (on Northenden Road, Park Road and Stonepail Road) which house various businesses. Gatley railway station is on the Styal Line , which runs between Longsight (Slade Lane Junction) and Wilmslow. The typical service
212-604: A house in Gatley. This house may have been in weavers cottages on Styal Road. In 1777, the Gatley Congregational Church was founded and an independent chapel was built in Old Hall Road, Gatley, following the spread of evangelicalism to nonconformist groups. A full-time minister was employed by the nonconformists for the first time. The present church is on Elm Road. The first nonconformist minister
265-591: A part of Stockport. Gatley is part of the Cheadle and Gatley borough ward and the Cheadle parliamentary constituency . The current population of Gatley is approximately 9,000. A polished stone found in Gatley suggests some human presence in the Neolithic or early Bronze Age . In 1286, Gatley was a hamlet within the manor of Stockport Etchells, contained at least six households (around 30 individuals): probably
318-455: A significant growth from levels in the late 11th century. An Etchells Court of Survey document, probably from the late 16th century, gives Gatley as having 16 tenants (households) including Thomas Whitelegg (the largest holding, 25 acres), Roberte Gooddyer, Arnoulde Baxter and Roger Royle. Cheadle and Gatley Urban District saw the highest population growth of anywhere in Stockport in
371-464: A time from the late 16th century, to a building that later became known as the Old Court House in Gatley (though it was probably an inn at the time). The townships of Stockport Etchells , Cheadle Moseley and Cheadle Bulkeley were merged into the Cheadle and Gatley Urban District in 1894. From 1894 until 1974, Gatley was a part of the urban district of Cheadle and Gatley , within
424-427: A variety of major national and international firms in the financial and commercial sectors, and in manufacturing, retailing and IT, as well as in the public sector – for example, in the health and education sectors, or in government and politics . Some graduates go on to undertake postgraduate studies , either in economics, research, teacher training or further qualifications in specialist areas. Unlike most nations,
477-524: Is a formalized role. Professionals here are employed (or engaged as consultants ) to conduct research, prepare reports, or formulate plans and strategies to address economic problems. Here, as outlined, the analyst provides forecasts, analysis and advice, based upon observed trends and economic principles; this entails also collecting and processing economic and statistical data using econometric methods and statistical techniques. In contrast to regulated professions such as engineering, law or medicine, there
530-582: Is a suburb in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport , Greater Manchester , England, 3 miles north-east of Manchester Airport . Within the boundaries of the historic county of Cheshire , in 1290, Gatley was known as Gateclyve , which in Middle English means "a place where goats are kept". Until the 20th century, most Gatley residents either worked in the material trades or were farmers. An open field system existed around Gatley in
583-575: Is an enthusiastic football fan and played for the Bank of America's first team in London. He is a lifelong follower of Manchester United F.C. and served as a non-executive director from 2004 to 2005, before the club was returned to private ownership. On 2 March 2010, the Red Knights , a group of wealthy Manchester United fans believed to include O'Neill, confirmed interest in a possible takeover of
SECTION 10
#1732765626708636-399: Is located a short walk away from the church on Northenden Road. The building was sold in 2007 and is now a private nursery. Yeshurun Hebrew Congregation, a Modern Orthodox synagogue, opened in 1968. Today, Gatley is home to three Churches, St. James' ( CofE ), Bethany Church ( Elim Pentecostal ) (Formally Gatley Christian Fellowship), and Gatley United Reformed Church ( URC ). Gatley is
689-557: Is not a legally required educational requirement or license for economists. In academia, most economists have a Ph.D. degree in Economics . In the U.S. Government, on the other hand, a person can be hired as an economist provided that they have a degree that included or was supplemented by 21 semester hours in economics and three hours in statistics, accounting, or calculus. In fact, a professional working inside of one of many fields of economics or having an academic degree in this subject
742-401: Is often considered to be an economist; see Bachelor of Economics and Master of Economics . Economics graduates are employed in varying degrees depending on the regional economic scenario and labour market conditions at the time for a given country. Apart from the specific understanding of the subject, employers value the skills of numeracy and analysis, the ability to communicate and
795-714: Is separated from its slightly larger neighbour, Cheadle , by the A34 and from Didsbury in Manchester by the M60 motorway and the River Mersey . To the south, Gatley borders onto Heald Green , with Grasmere Road and Yew Tree Grove marking the southern boundary. To the west and north-west, it meets Wythenshawe (part of Manchester), with roads bordering onto Hollyhedge Park (i.e. Ogden Grove, Malverne Avenue, Charnville Road, Cranston Grove, Mount Grove and 99 Altrincham Road) being
848-673: Is the relatively high Jewish population, over ten times higher than the English and Stockport averages. This is reflected in the existence of Gatley's orthodox synagogue, the Menorah reform synagogue in neighbouring Sharston and the North Cheshire Jewish Primary School in Heald Green. The Muslim population is higher than the average across England and similar to neighbouring Didsbury. Bangladeshi make up
901-450: Is three trains per hour southbound to Manchester Airport with one continuing to Crewe , via Wilmslow ; northbound, there are three services to Manchester Piccadilly (two stopping, one fast), with one continuing to Liverpool Lime Street via Newton-le-Willows and one continuing to Barrow-in-Furness or Windermere . The station is managed by Northern , who also operate the large majority of services that stop here. Bus services in
954-736: The County of Greater Manchester , and took up an unpaid post in HM Government as the Commercial Secretary to the Treasury . In this role O'Neill's primary role was to work on the Northern Powerhouse project and to help reinvigorate trade with China . Following the resignation of David Cameron as Prime Minister his successor, Theresa May , kept O'Neill in post. In 2016, O'Neill resigned over concerns that May
1007-678: The Philippines , South Korea , Turkey , and Vietnam , arguing they would be among the world's largest economies in the 21st century. He later used the term MIKT for Mexico, Indonesia, South Korea, and Turkey, and MINT for Mexico , Indonesia , Nigeria , and Turkey . O'Neill retired from the firm in 2013. He is on the International Advisory Board of the Centre for Rising Powers at the University of Cambridge,
1060-883: The UK are the more than 3500 members of the Government Economic Service . Analysis of destination surveys for economics graduates from a number of selected top schools of economics in the United Kingdom (ranging from Newcastle University to the London School of Economics ), shows nearly 80 percent in employment six months after graduation – with a wide range of roles and employers, including regional, national and international organisations, across many sectors. Some current well-known economists include: [REDACTED] The dictionary definition of economist at Wiktionary Gatley Gatley
1113-499: The historic county boundaries of Cheshire . In 1933–34, both Manchester and Stockport wanted to annex the Cheadle and Gatley Urban District. An opinion poll of nearly 10,000 residents recorded near-unanimous support for continuing independence. In 1936 the boundaries of the Cheadle and Gatley Urban District saw minor changes due to the abolition of Handforth Urban District (1974–2009 Macclesfield District / Cheshire County councils. 2009 + East Cheshire Council / UA). In 1974
SECTION 20
#17327656267081166-464: The 2001 UK census, when the ward name was Cheadle and the ward encompassed the whole of Gatley and a large part of Cheadle village. Gatley has never been an administrative district in its own right and no data for Gatley alone exists. Gatley's primary commercial area covers Church Road, Stonepail Road, Gatley Road, Northenden Road and Old Hall Road. Here there are over 40 shops, 10 take-aways, 8 hairdressers, 4 beauty salons, 5 restaurants, 2 pubs, 4 cafes,
1219-517: The Mersey (the development behind the Horse and Farrier pub, running down to the railway line) and also about that time Cheadle and Gatley UDC purchased 19 acres (77,000 m ) to use as a refuse tip. Tree planting commenced due to complaints of smells and rats. There was loss of original field pattern because of extensive refuse tipping. Carr Woodland was developed on what had been Carr Meadows. There
1272-527: The QFINANCE Strategic Advisory Board, and board of Bruegel . On 2 July 2014, he was appointed by UK Prime Minister David Cameron to head an international commission to investigate global antimicrobial resistance . In 2018, Lord O'Neill published the book Superbugs: An Arms Race Against Bacteria co-written with Anthony McDonnell and Will Hall. In 2015, he was created a Life Peer as Baron O'Neill of Gatley , of Gatley in
1325-664: The Stokeports and the Ardernes, then later by the Stanleys until, in 1508, the heir John Stanley was killed by a tennis ball. With no rightful claimants, the land went to the crown and, in 1556 Etchells was sold to William Tatton. By the 1560s, the Tattons, who also owned Northenden and other local land, became full lords of the manor and held court over the area. The township of Stockport Etchells , covering Gatley and much of
1378-495: The area now in Heald Green (the area being based on previous ecclesiastical parishes) gained administrative responsibilities in the 16th century, as the old powers of the lord of the manor waned, and manorial rule became more by consent and custom. In the 16th, 17th and 18th centuries, Stockport Etchells and Northen Etchells were frequently administered together as Etchells. The local court leets and court barons moved, for
1431-447: The broad philosophical theories to the focused study of minutiae within specific markets , macroeconomic analysis, microeconomic analysis or financial statement analysis , involving analytical methods and tools such as econometrics , statistics , economics computational models , financial economics , regulatory impact analysis and mathematical economics . Economists work in many fields including academia, government and in
1484-631: The bulk of the army crossed the Mersey at Cheadle and Stockport that night and the following day. Having reached Derby but no further, the Jacobite troops were back in Stockport in the second week of December on their way back north. Gatley residents joined the Luddite riots in 1818, but without any great distinction. They drilled in Gatley Carrs before marching to Stockport to take arms from
1537-418: The capacity to grasp broad issues which the graduates acquire at the university or college . Whilst only a few economics graduates may be expected to become professional economists, many find it a base for entry into a career in finance – including accounting, insurance, tax and banking, or management . A number of economics graduates from around the world have been successful in obtaining employment in
1590-481: The club. In 2014, O'Neill was awarded an Honorary Litt.D. degree by the University of Sheffield. He has honorary degrees from the Institute of Education of the University of London and from City University London . Economist The individual may also study, develop, and apply theories and concepts from economics and write about economic policy . Within this field there are many sub-fields, ranging from
1643-680: The economist profession in Brazil is regulated by law; specifically, Law № 1,411, of August 13, 1951. The professional designation of an economist, according to said law, is exclusive to those who graduated with a Bachelor of Economics degree in Brazil. According to the United States Department of Labor , there were about 15,000 non-academic economists in the United States in 2008, with a median salary of roughly $ 83,000, and
Jim O'Neill, Baron O'Neill of Gatley - Misplaced Pages Continue
1696-402: The inter-war period. In 1921 its population was a little over 11,000. By 1931 18,500 and by 1939, 27,000. Cheadle , Gatley and Cheadle Hulme all saw the increase, as did the previously rural area of Heald Green . This growth was largely due to people moving out of Manchester into the area. The religious diversity in Gatley and Cheadle is not too far from the country as a whole. Most notable
1749-468: The last in Gatley, and Longley Lane and the M56 motorway marking the north-western boundary. Gatley is 130–200 feet above sea level. Prior to 1086, Gatley was probably unpopulated and was part of Etchells (meaning "extra cleared land"). After 1086, the area was split between two landowners and for a period Gatley Brook (the old hundred boundary) formed the boundary. The halves were, at various times, held by
1802-474: The late 17th century, but the practice of common farming seems to have fallen into disuse when William Tatton allowed tenants to buy their own land. Gatley Carrs was the lower, marshy ground running down to the River Mersey and west to Northenden . Before 1700 it was a place for osier beds which local people had used for basket making or for wattles for cottages or fencing. In 1800, Mr Worthington of Sharston Hall planted 1,000 poplars in Gatley Carrs. In
1855-662: The local rectors and most tenants, were Royalists . Wythenshawe Hall was kept in a state of defence from 1642, with Parliamentary forces nearby in Handforth and Duckinfield. Wythenshawe Hall was taken by the Parliamentarian forces on 25 February 1644. Three Gatley men were in the garrison defending the hall: Ralphe Savage, Robert Torkinton and John Blomiley. On 30 November 1745, about 55 Jacobite troops from Bonnie Prince Charlie 's army crossed Gatley Ford and Gatley Carrs on their way to Cheadle and Stockport ;
1908-467: The looms. About 1750, William Roscoe from Bolton built a factory near Gatley Hall. (This shouldn't be confused in scale with the cotton mills such as those at Styal : it appears to have been a place for hand weaving and was later converted into a farmhouse, so it was a very modest affair). Up to at least 1841, John Alcock was a textile manufacturer in Gatley, using the Roscoe factory for at least part of
1961-429: The majority of this group. The data in the table refers to the Cheadle and Gatley ward. The data comes from the 2001 UK census, when the ward name was Cheadle and the ward encompassed the whole of Gatley and a large part of Cheadle village. Gatley has never been an administrative district in its own right and no data for Gatley alone exists. The data in the table refers to the Cheadle and Gatley ward. The data comes from
2014-582: The mid 19th century, Gatley Carrs was described as "a scene of such singular and romantic beauty, and so thoroughly unique in its composition, that we know nothing in the neighbourhood to liken it to". Over the years Gatley Carrs has shrunk to a small part of its former size. In the second half of the 18th century, the Carrs was largely enclosed and partially drained to form farmed meadows. The Stockport to Altrincham railway line cut across it in 1864, running east–west. In 1934 house building began on "High Terrace" of
2067-561: The most westerly vicinity of the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport, and runs along the border of Stockport and Manchester . Until 1974 it was within Cheshire as a suburban township of Cheadle . It is approximately 3 miles (5 km) due northeast of Manchester Airport , 5 miles (8 km) west of Stockport town centre, 5.5 miles (9 km) east of Altrincham and 7 miles (11 km) south of Manchester city centre . It
2120-425: The period. The spread of machinery in industrial manufacturers during the 19th century appears to have killed off industry in Gatley, before which it was a "very busy and important place, as a centre for weaving, spinning, shoemaking and fustian cutting". Handloom weaving may have survived in the area to as late as the 1880s (Melson's Directory of Cheadle, Northenden and Baguley , 1887. ) In 1714, Stone Pale Hall
2173-665: The private sector, where they may also "study data and statistics in order to spot trends in economic activity, economic confidence levels, and consumer attitudes. They assess this information using advanced methods in statistical analysis, mathematics, computer programming [and] they make recommendations about ways to improve the efficiency of a system or take advantage of trends as they begin." In addition to government and academia, economists are also employed in banking , finance , accountancy , commerce , marketing , business administration , lobbying and non- or not-for profit organizations. In many organizations, an " Economic Analyst "
Jim O'Neill, Baron O'Neill of Gatley - Misplaced Pages Continue
2226-521: The soldiers, but returned without actually attempting to do so. In the following summer, 1819, soldiers formed square in front of the Horse and Farrier public house in Gatley with the aim of arresting the Luddite ringleaders. Several ran away and hid (one, Isaac Legh, in the chimney of Stone Pale House, two others in the Carrs). A nonconformist meeting house registered in Etchells in 1722 may have been
2279-665: The top ten percent earning more than $ 147,040 annually. Nearly 135 colleges and universities grant around 900 new Ph.D.s every year. Incomes are highest for those in the private sector, followed by the federal government, with academia paying the lowest incomes. As of January 2013, PayScale.com showed Ph.D. economists' salary ranges as follows: all Ph.D. economists, $ 61,000 to $ 160,000; Ph.D. corporate economists, $ 71,000 to $ 207,000; economics full professors, $ 89,000 to $ 137,000; economics associate professors, $ 59,000 to $ 156,000, and economics assistant professors, $ 72,000 to $ 100,000. The largest single professional grouping of economists in
2332-620: The urban districts in Stockport were abolished and Cheadle and Gatley Urban District became part of the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport in Greater Manchester , though some roads in the western side of Gatley (containing around 500 homes) were a part of the City of Manchester until the early 1990s when residents launched a successful application to the Boundaries Commission to enable Gatley in its entirety to become
2385-735: Was Commercial Secretary to the Treasury in the Second Cameron Ministry from May 2015 to September 2016. He chaired the UK's Independent Review into Antimicrobial Resistance from 2014 to 2016. He was the chairman of the Council of Chatham House , the Royal Institute of International Affairs from 2018 to 2021. O'Neill grew up in Gatley and attended Burnage Comprehensive . He obtained a Bachelor of Arts (BA) degree in 1977 and
2438-568: Was a major system of land drains identified on the 1934 map including a sluice and non-return outfall gate to protect Gatley Carr from flooding when the Mersey burst its banks. In the mid-1960s land restoration took place, although the Carr was only covered with soil to a depth varying between 2 inches (51 mm) and 6 inches (150 mm). Gatley Carrs then fell to the management of the Mersey Valley Countryside wardens until it
2491-422: Was appointed as the head of global economics research in 2001. In 2010, he headed Goldman Sachs's Division of Asset Management where O'Neill managed over $ 800 billion in assets. His new appointment was regarded as a symbol of Goldman's "efforts to reposition itself for Wall Street 's post- crisis era", one in which Goldman Sachs is " bullish " about the fact that emerging markets are "the future". In 2011, he
2544-461: Was built of local handmade bricks and consecrated on Tuesday 6 December 1881. The Rev. Percy M. Herford was the first Vicar of St. James' Church. In 1888 the Rev. P. M. Herford left and was replaced by the Rev. John Bruster, who remained Vicar for 40 years, retiring in 1928. The vicarage was completed in 1894, following a donation towards it of £100 from Mr W. Heald of Parrswood in 1889. The building
2597-512: Was handed to Stockport MBC in the late 1990s. Button making appears to have been a significant local trade in the 17th and 18th centuries. A "button man" (merchant selling buttons) is recorded in Gatley in the 1660s. This continued in the 18th century with three button men being mentioned in Gatley between 1735 and 1779. People living around Gatley Green were mostly hand loom weavers and became more dependent on textile manufacture. Their cottages had cellars for storage and well-lit upper rooms for
2650-430: Was included in the 50 Most Influential ranking of Bloomberg Markets magazine. O'Neill coined the term " BRIC " in 2001 in "The World Needs Better Economic BRICs" in a Goldman Sachs's "Global Economic Paper" series, on the four emerging "BRIC" economies Brazil , Russia , India , and China . He later used the term "The Next Eleven" for Bangladesh , Egypt , Indonesia , Iran , Mexico , Nigeria , Pakistan ,
2703-674: Was not committed to the Northern Powerhouse project, making him the first member of May's ministry to resign. O'Neill sat in the House of Lords as a Conservative life peer from 28 May 2015 to 23 September 2016. After leaving the Conservatives, he then sat as a non-affiliated member of the House of Lords 23 September 2016 to 9 October 2017, and he has sat as a member of the crossbenchers since 9 October 2017. O'Neill
SECTION 50
#17327656267082756-540: Was reconstructed in Gatley. Gatley Hall and Gatley Hill House may both have been built in the mid-18th century by local cotton manufacturers. Gatley Hill House is now council owned (Stockport MBC) and is used by various community groups. The mansion High Grove House was built for a member of a wealthy hatting family of Yorkshire and Manchester. In the English Civil War (1642–51) the Tatton family, along with
2809-628: Was the Rev. Jeremiah Pendlebury, succeeded by his assistant, the Rev. Samuel Turner, in 1788. By 1860 the church congregation had fallen to eight people. Improvements made with help from the North Cheshire Rural Mission increased the congregation to 60. Prior to 1875, Gatley's parish church was the Church of St. Thomas, four miles (6 km) away in Stockport. The people of Gatley rarely saw their parish priest, though they still had to pay their tithes. The new church, St. James',
#707292