163-614: Nedumkotta or the Travancore lines was a wall built as a protection against consistent invasions from Mysore during the (de facto) rule of Tipu Sultan . It was built by the Dharma Raja Karthika Thirunal (d.A D 1764), King of Travancore , with the request, support and permission of the Kingdom of Kochi . It was constructed by Rama Varma under the supervision of his commander Eustachius De Lannoy . The work
326-512: A hot semi-arid climate ( BSh ) under the Köppen climate classification . The main seasons are Summer from March to May, the monsoon season from June to October and winter from November to February. The highest temperature recorded in Mysore was 39.9 °C (104 °F) on 25 April 2016, and the lowest was 7.7 °C (46 °F) on 16 January 2012. The city's average annual rainfall
489-696: A pelisse , headgear and ceremonial robes. "As for duties [at Calicut], at one-fortieth, and that too, only on sales, they are even lower than at Hormuz [in the Persian Gulf]", says Abdur Razzaq. While in Calicut, Razzaq was invited by the Vijayanagara ruler Deva Raya II to his court. The envoy arrived from the Vijayanagara king had "asked" the Zamorin to send the Herat envoy on to his court. He also says
652-519: A Polarthiri royal princess and she was welcomed in Kolathunadu (Cannanore) – one of the Zamorin's rivals polities. After the marriage of a Kolathu prince with this princess the Kadathanadu ruling family was born. The name Kadathanadu refers to as the passing way between Kolathunadu and Calicut. Some land and Hindu temple rights were transferred to Calicut during a visit to Kollam by a ruler of
815-400: A battle against Palakkad and the expansion to Naduvattom by a Calicut prince. Kollengode of Venganadu Nambitis was also put under the sway of Calicut during the time. The severe and frequent battles with Valluvanadu by Calicut continued. But even after the loss of his superior ally Kochi, Valluvanadu did not submit to Calicut. The ruler of Calicut followed a custom of settling Muslim families and
978-540: A campus multi-campus, multi-disciplinary private deemed university , Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham . Newspaper publishing in Mysore started in 1859 when Bhashyam Bhashyacharya began publishing a weekly newspaper in Kannada called the Mysooru Vrittanta Bodhini , the first of a number of weekly newspapers published in the following three decades. A well-known Mysore publisher during Wodeyar rule
1141-470: A coastal region called Payyanadu. Payyanadu was a part of Kurumbranadu in early times, and was eventually given as a "royal gift" to Calicut. Calicut easily overran the Kurumbranadu warriors in the battle and Kurumbranadu had to sue for peace by surrendering Valisseri. The ruler of Calicut next turned his attention to the valley of Perar . Large parts of the valley was then ruled by Valluvakkonathiri,
1304-535: A comparatively small army had defeated the invading army of Tipu Sultan. Tippu Sultan and his advancing army encamped for the night on the vast bed of the Periyar river at Alwaye , when some discreet men of the Travancore army cut open a dam which had been erected across the river for agricultural purposes. A heavy torrent of water came downstream and washed away war materials and moistened the gunpowder meant for
1467-476: A conquest to conquer Kochi and Travancore. On the night between 28 and 29 December camped six miles northward of the lines. On 31 December, Tippu marched with 14,000 infantry and 500 frontiers in the night, guided by a native of the country. Before daybreak, he possessed a large extent of the rampart on the right side flank. By morning Sultan had come three miles in the inner side with his whole force without much opposition and he commanded his frontiers to level down
1630-404: A distinctive social group, something of a "sub-caste" – began to style themselves as " Samantha Kshatriyas ". The Samantas have birth, marriage and death customs identical to other Nair communities. The Zamorin follows a matriarchal system where the present king's sister's son becomes the next king. The direct sisters of the Zamorin are always married to Nambudiri Brahmin men. Consequently,
1793-530: A fire at a television studio that claimed 62 lives in 1989, and the sudden deaths of many animals at the Mysore Zoo . Mysore is located at 12°18′N 74°39′E / 12.30°N 74.65°E / 12.30; 74.65 and has an average altitude of 770 metres (2,526 ft). It is spread across an area of 286.05 km (110 sq mi) at the base of the Chamundi Hills in
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#17327719430131956-518: A formidable army led by Tipu Sultan. Today there is no physical evidence of the historic Nedumkotta in the form of even ruins anywhere in the Chalakudy taluk - Konoor (Koratty Kizhakkummuri), Muringoor Thekkummury, Kadukutty , Kuruvilassery, Pallipuram and Poyya - through which it passed. Names of forts remains in Chettuva , Mullurkara, Thrissur and Enamanakkal. However, some place names having
2119-536: A fort (Koyil Kotta) at a place called "Velapuram" (port) to safeguard their new interests. The power balance in Kerala changed as Eralnadu rulers developed the port at Calicut. The Zamorin became one of the most powerful chiefs in Kerala. In some of his military campaigns – such as that into Valluvanadu – the ruler received unambiguous assistance from the Muslim Middle Eastern sailors. It seems that
2282-547: A free English school was established in 1833. Maharaja's College was founded in 1864. A high school exclusively for girls was established in 1881 and was later renamed Maharani's Women's College . The Industrial School , the first institute for technical education in the city, was established in 1892; this was followed by the Chamarajendra Technical Institute in 1913. While the modern system of education have made inroads, colleges such as
2445-495: A long time. Further assaults in the east against Valluvanadu were neither prolonged nor difficult for Calicut. The battles along the western borders of Valluvanadu were bitter, for they were marked by treachery and crime. Panthalur and Ten Kalams came under Calicut only after a protracted struggle. The assassination of a minister of Calicut by the chief minister of Valluvanadu while visiting Venkatakkotta in Valluvanadu sparked
2608-463: A metropolitan city. For the year 2022, the projected population of Mysuru Metropolitan Area, which includes Mysore City Corporation , Hootagalli City Municipal Council, and Bogadi, Srirampura, Rammanahalli and Kadakola Town Panchayats is 1,261,000, as per the United Nation's World Urbanization Prospects - 2018. The gender ratio of Mysore is 1,000 females to every 1,000 males and
2771-784: A national champion in the heptathlon and a long jump record holder; Sagar Kashyap , the youngest Indian to officiate at the Wimbledon Championships ; and Rahul Ganapathy, a national amateur golf champion. The Mysore race course hosts a racing season each year from August through October. India's first youth hostel was formed in the Maharaja's College Hostel in 1949. Zamorin The Samoothiri (Anglicised as Zamorin ; Malayalam : Sāmūtiri , [saːmuːd̪iɾi] , Arabic : Sāmuri , Portuguese : Samorim , Dutch : Samorijn , Chinese : Shamitihsi )
2934-566: A powerful state in the southern Deccan . The kingdom reached the height of its military power and dominion in the latter half of the 18th century, under the de facto rulers Hyder Ali and his son Tipu Sultan . The latter demolished parts of Mysore to remove legacies of the Wodeyar dynasty. During this time, the kingdom of Mysore came into conflict with the Marathas , the British , and
3097-569: A preliminary advance to Kolathunadu. Kolathiri immediately sent ambassadors to submit to whatever terms Calicut might dictate. Kolathunadu transferred the regions already occupied to Calicut and certain Hindu temple rights. The stories about the origin of the Kadathanadu ruling family (Vatakara) are associated with battle of the Eradis with Polanadu. When the Zamorin swarmed over Polanadu, he exiled
3260-442: A reference to the historic fortification are still popular in the northern borders of the erstwhile Cochin and Travancore States – Krishnan Kotta (meaning Krishnan Fort), Kottamukku (fort corner), Kottamuri (part of a fort), Kottaparampu (fort land), Kotta Vazhi (fort road), Kottalaparampu (magazine ground), Palayam (cantonment), etc. It started from Pallipuram Kotta near the sea, touches Kottamukku , Krishnankotta and extended till
3423-606: A right to it, why did you then not demand it". In about June–August 1787 after learning about the geography of Malabar and Travancore and constructing several roads leading into Travancore both from the north by coastal side and from the east by the Cambam and Guddalur passes, Tippu Sultan then invaded Malabar. He persecuted the people and chiefs, massacring all those who refused to take up Islam. Many families including that of Samoothiri fled Malabar and took refuge in Travancore. Around 30,000 noble Brahmin families were sheltered under
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#17327719430133586-571: A second home for the Zamorins of Calicut. Other secondary seats of the Zamorin of Calicut, all established at a much later time, were Trichur (Thrissur) and Cranganore (Kodungallur). The 147th Samoothiri Raja, Sree Manavedan Raja , who was married to Bharathy Thamburatty from Nilambur Kovilakam, became the last Zamorin in the dynasty's 682 year history to hold power over the Guruvayur Temple . The chief Kerala ports under control of
3749-520: A slight parapet and rampart and bastions on rising grounds almost flanking each other from one side of the lines to the other. Its alignment was along the Periyar river on the west coast up to Chalakudy from where it went along the Chalakudy river up to the Annamalai Hills in the east. There were underground cells to store gunpowder and other war materials, special chambers for soldiers to live, and look-outs and mounted field-guns all along
3912-456: A small polity between Valluvanadu and Palakkad (Palghat). Nedunganadu was overran without striking even a single blow. The chief of Nedunganadu surrendered to the Calicut forces at a place called Kodikkuni. Then the Calicut warriors captured a number of smaller villages around Thirunavaya – such as Thiruvegappuram – from Valluvanadu. The Valluvanadu governor tried to overcome the Calicut prince's advance at Kolakkadu. Near Karimpuzha in Valluvanadu,
4075-534: A small portion has been allocated for the erstwhile royal family to live in. The Jayalakshmi Vilas Mansion was constructed by Sri Chamaraja Wodeyar for his daughter Jayalakshammanni. It is now a museum dedicated to folk culture and artefacts of the royal family. The Mysore painting style is an offshoot of the Vijayanagar school of painting, and King Raja Wodeyar (1578–1617 CE) is credited with having been its patron. The distinctive feature of these paintings
4238-542: A standing British army at Mysore. Purnaiah is credited with improving Mysore's public works. In 1831, claiming there was maladministration, the British took direct control of the princely state. For the next fifty years, the kingdom of Mysore was under the direct rule of British Commissioners, and in 1831 the city of Mysore lost its status as the administrative centre, when the British Commissioner moved
4401-402: A stronger force, namely Kurumpuranadu, with a force of Seven Hundred although many lesser ones with Five Hundred of Purakizhanadu, Three Hundred of Nantuzhanadu and others. The following table shows available inscriptions mentioning the rulers of Eranad: As per the charter, while residing at Chera capital Kodungallur, king Bhaskara Ravi granted Jewish merchant Joseph Rabban a plate giving him
4564-460: A traditional silk turban, and the Mysore silk saris . Mysore is also known for betel leaves and its own special variety of jasmine flower fondly referred to as "Mysore mallige". Tourism is a lifeline industry for the city alongside the traditional industries. Mysore's intracity public transportation includes bus and intercity public transportation includes rail, bus, and air. The name Mysore
4727-447: Is 798.6 mm (31.4 in). As per Karnataka State Natural Disaster Monitoring Centre, Mysore taluk has been divided into 4 hoblis . In 2022, the rainfall received by these hoblis are as follows: Overall, Mysore taluk received 67% of excess rainfall in the year 2022. Languages of Mysore (2011) As of 2011 , Mysore city had an estimated population of 920,550 consisting of 461,042 males and 459,508 females, making it
4890-531: Is KA09 and Mysore East is KA55. A public bicycle-sharing system , Trin Trin, funded partially by the United Nations is popular mode of transport. It is a government project. It is the first public bike-sharing system throughout India. The key objective of Trin Trin is to encourage local commuters, as well as visitors, to use the bicycle in preference to motorised modes of travel and thereby help scale down
5053-409: Is about 140 km (87.0 mi) southwest of the state's capital, Bangalore , and spreads across an area of 156 km (60 sq mi) (city and neighbouring census towns). The population of the city combined with its neighbouring towns in its metropolitan area is about 1,288,000 in 2023. Most of the city's development during modern times could be attributed to the maharajas of Mysore and
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5216-493: Is an anglicised form of Mahiṣūru , which means "the abode of Mahiṣa " in the vernacular Kannada . The common noun Mahiṣa, in Sanskrit, means buffalo; in this context, however, Mahiṣa refers to Mahishasura , a mythical demon who could assume the form of either a human or a buffalo, and who, according to Hindu mythology , ruled the ancient parts of Mysore Kingdom, known in Sanskrit as Mahiṣaka , centred at Mahiṣapura . He
5379-480: Is more than ₹ 4 billion (US$ 48 million) after Peenya which is in state capital Bangalore. JK Tyre has its manufacturing facility in Mysore. The city has emerged as a hub of automobile industries in Karnataka. The major software companies in Mysore are Infosys , ArisGlobal , Larsen & Toubro Infotech , Excelsoft Technologies and Triveni Engineering. The growth of the information technology industry in
5542-552: Is not able to handle big flights and hence a runway expansion is about to take place expanding the runway from 1.7 km to 2.8 km and will be upgraded to international airport after the expansion. The nearest International airport is Bangalore Airport . Before the advent of the European system of education in Mysore, Agraharas ( Brahmin quarters ) provided Vedic education to Hindus, and madrassas provided schooling for Muslims. Modern education began in Mysore when
5705-674: Is part of the Bidar-Mysore Industrial Corridor. Major drivers of the economy are tourism, finance, manufacturing and industry which includes chemicals, petrochemicals, machinery, automobile, engineering, textiles and food processing sectors. A new industrial corridor plan is underway between Mysore and Bangalore. For the industrial development of the city, the Karnataka Industrial Areas Development Board (KIADB) has established four industrial areas in and around Mysore, in
5868-628: Is responsible for electric supply to the city. Drinking water for Mysore is sourced from the Kaveri and Kabini rivers. The city got its first piped water supply when the Belagola project was commissioned in 1896. As of 2011 , Mysore gets 193,000 cubic metres (42.5 million imperial gallons) of water per day. Mysore sometimes faces water crises, mainly during the summer months (March–June) and in years of low rainfall. The city has had an underground drainage system since 1904. The entire sewage from
6031-465: Is the gesso work, to which gold foil is applied. Mysore is known for rosewood inlay work; around 4,000 craftsmen were involved in this art in 2002. The city lends its name to the Mysore silk sari, a women's garment made with pure silk and gold zari (thread). Mysore Peta , the traditional indigenous turban worn by the erstwhile rulers of Mysore, is worn by men in some traditional ceremonies. A notable local dessert that traces its history to
6194-481: Is the second-most populous city in the southern Indian state of Karnataka . It is the headquarters of Mysore district and Mysore division . As the traditional seat of the Wadiyar dynasty , the city functioned as the capital of the Kingdom of Mysore for almost six centuries (1399 to 1947). Known for its heritage structures , palaces (such as the famous Mysore Palace ), and its culture , Mysore has been called
6357-466: The Belagola , Belawadi , Hebbal and Hootagalli areas. One of the major industrial areas near Mysore is Nanjangud which will be a satellite town to Mysore. Nanjangud industrial area hosts a number of industries like AT&S India Pvt Ltd , Nestle India ltd , Reid and Taylor, Jubiliant , TVS , and Asian Paints. Nanjangud Industrial area also boasts being 2nd highest VAT / Sales Taxpayer which
6520-662: The East India Company . Eventually, the status of the Zamorin was reduced to that of a pensioner of the company by 1806. Historical records regarding the origin of the Zamorin of Calicut are obscure. However, it is generally agreed among historians the Eradis were originally the autonomous rulers of the Eranadu region of the Kodungallur Chera kingdom. The Kodungallur Chera kingdom was a congeries of chiefdoms, which were ruled by local chiefs. The office of
6683-636: The Mysore Sanskrit Pāthaśhāla , established in 1876, still continue to provide Vedic education. The education system was enhanced by the establishment of the University of Mysore in 1916. This was the sixth university to be established in India and the first in Karnataka. It was named Manasagangotri ("fountainhead of the Ganges of the mind") by the poet Kuvempu . The university caters to
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6846-555: The Naganahali station will be expanded with a coach complex and MEMU hub, and two more platforms to reduce congestion in the city railway junction. Mysore Airport is a domestic airport and is located near the village of Mandakalli, 10 kilometres south of the centre of the city. It was built by the kings of Mysore in early 1940s. Mysore Airport currently serves the city of Mysore and is connected to multiple domestic locations including Chennai and Hyderabad . The current runway
7009-617: The National Games of India . Mysore was the venue for six sports: archery, gymnastics, equestrianism , handball, table tennis and wrestling. Cricket is by far the most popular sport in Mysore. The city has five established cricket grounds. Javagal Srinath , who represented India for several years as its frontline fast bowler , comes from Mysore. Other prominent sportsmen from the city are Prahlad Srinath , who has represented India in Davis Cup tennis tournaments; Reeth Abraham ,
7172-606: The Nizam of Hyderabad , leading to the four Anglo-Mysore wars , success in the first two of which was followed by defeat in the third and fourth. After Tipu Sultan's death in the Fourth Anglo-Mysore War in 1799, the capital of the kingdom was moved back to Mysore from Seringapatam, and the kingdom was distributed by the British to their allies of the Fourth Anglo-Mysore War. Part of the kingdom
7335-730: The Quit India movement and other phases of the Indian independence movement . Until the independence of British India (which did not include Mysore) in 1947, Mysore remained a Princely State within the British Indian Empire , with the Wodeyars continuing their rule. After Indian Independence, Mysore city remained as part of the Mysore State , now known as Karnataka . Jayachamarajendra Wodeyar , then king of Mysore,
7498-491: The Wadiyar dynasty , who were patrons of art and culture. Hyder Ali and Tipu Sultan , when they were briefly in power in succession, also contributed significantly to the economic growth of the city and the kingdom by planting mulberry trees and silk in the region, and fighting four wars against the British . In present days, the Mysore City Corporation is responsible for the civic administration of
7661-441: The cultural capital of Karnataka, Mysore is well known for the festivities that take place during the period of Dasara ; the state festival of Karnataka. The Dasara festivities, which are celebrated over a ten-day period, were first introduced by King Raja Wodeyar I in 1610. On the ninth day of Dasara , called Mahanavami , the royal sword is worshipped and is taken on a procession of decorated elephants, camels and horses. On
7824-454: The ganjifa card game. Malla-yuddha (traditional wrestling) has a history in Mysore dating back to the 16th century. The wrestling competition held in Mysore during the Dasara celebrations attracts wrestlers from all over India. An annual sports meeting is organised there during the Dasara season too. In 1997 Mysore and Bangalore co-hosted the city's biggest sports event ever,
7987-691: The hill stations of Ooty , Sultan Bathery and Madikeri are close to Mysore. Popular destinations for wildlife enthusiasts near Mysore include the Nagarahole National Park , the wildlife sanctuaries at Melkote , Mandya and B R Hills and the bird sanctuaries at Ranganathittu , Mandya and Kokrebellur , Mandya. Bandipur National Park and Mudumalai National Park in Tamil Nadu, which are sanctuaries for gaur , chital , elephants , tigers , leopards and other threatened species, lie between 60 and 100 kilometres (37 and 62 mi) to
8150-477: The "City of Palaces", the "Heritage City", and the "Cultural Capital of Karnataka". It is one of the cleanest cities in India according to the Swachh Survekshan . Mysore is situated at the foothills of the Chamundi Hills . At an altitude of 770 m (2,530 ft) above mean sea level , the city of Mysore is geographically located at 12° 18′ 26″ north latitude and 76° 38′ 59″ east longitude. It
8313-529: The British. Travancore became the most dominant state in Kerala by defeating the powerful Zamorin of Calicut in a battle located in Purakkad in 1755. In 1766, Haider Ali of Mysore defeated the Zamorin of Calicut and absorbed Calicut to his state. After the Third Anglo-Mysore War (1790–1792), Malabar District including Zamorin's former territories were placed under the control of
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#17327719430138476-602: The Calicut Granthavari recount the events leading to the establishment of the state of Calicut. There were two brothers belonging to the Eradi ruling family at Nediyiruppu . The brothers Manichan and Vikraman were the most trusted warriors in the militia of the Kodungallur Cheras . They distinguished themselves in the battles against the foreigners. However, during the partition of Chera kingdom,
8639-589: The Calicut control and Perumpadappu ruler again shifted their base further south to Kochi ( Cochin , in 1405). Calicut subjugated large parts of the state of Kochi in the subsequent years. The family feud between the elder and younger branches of the ruling family of Kochi was exploited by the Zamorin of Calicut. The intervention was initiated as Calicut's help was sought against the ruling younger branch. The rulers of Kodungallur, Idappalli, Airur, Sarkkara, Patinjattedam [Thrissur] and Chittur supported or joined Calicut forces in this occupation of Kochi. Some of these were
8802-737: The Calicut country you erected lines on a part of the Cochin country. This conduct is not proper, you must demolish the line" , to which Cochin Raja replied that the areas where the Lines were established was given to him earlier than the Cochin country became a tributary to Mysore, quote, "I possessed it and had lines were erected on it when I was included in the Treaty of peace which the Honourable English Company made with you. If I had not
8965-550: The Calicut. Deva Raya II (1424–1446), king of the Vijayanagara Empire , conquered the whole of present-day Kerala state in the 15th century. He defeated (1443) rulers of Venadu (Kollam, Quilon), as well as Calicut. Fernão Nunes says that the Zamorin and even the kings of Burma ruling at Pegu and Tenasserim paid tribute to the king of Vijayanagara Empire. Later Calicut and Venadu seems to have rebelled against their Vijayanagara overlords, but Deva Raya II quelled
9128-453: The Chera monarch failed to allocate any land to Nediyiruppu. Filled with guilt, the king later gave an unwanted piece of marshy tract of land called Kozhikode to the younger brother Vikraman (the elder brother died in the battle). The king also gifted his personal sword and his favourite prayer conch – both broken – to him and told him to occupy as much as land as he could with all his might. So
9291-512: The Chovvaram and raided Panniyur simultaneously. Thirumanasseri Nadu was overran by its neighbours on south and east. The Thirumanasseri Nambudiri appealed to the ruler of Calicut for help, and promised to cede the port of Ponnani to Calicut as the price for his protection. Calicut, looking for such an opportunity, gladly accepted the offer. Assisted by the warriors of their subordinate chiefs (Chaliyam, Beypore , Tanur and Kodungallur ) and
9454-582: The Dharmaraja of Travancore. This angered Tippu and he wanted Cochin to surrender all those families who fled Malabar, but the Raja refused to give in. Tippu could not make a bold appeal to the war as Travancore was included in the Peace Treaty between Mysore and the East India company as a friendly country to the company. Tippu then resorted to Samoothiri to attack Cochin, promising him in return
9617-589: The English name of the city to Mysuru . This was approved by the Government of India in October 2014, and Mysore was officially renamed, along with twelve other cities, on 1 November 2014. The site where Mysore Palace now stands was occupied by a village named Puragere at the beginning of the 16th century. The Mahishūru Fort was constructed in 1524 by Chamaraja Wodeyar III (1513–1553), who passed on
9780-477: The Eradis conquered neighbouring kingdoms and created a large state for themselves. As a token of their respect to the Chera king, they adopted the logo of two crossed swords, with a broken conch in the middle and a lighted lamp above it. The port at Kozhikode held the superior economic and political position along the medieval Kerala coastline, while Kannur , Kollam , and Kochi , were commercially important secondary ports, where traders from various parts of
9943-634: The Foot hills of the Anamalai in the Western Ghats. The Chalakudy river and lagoon which falls on the alignment was left alone as they themselves were a barrier. A trench, 20 feet (6.1 m) deep and 16 feet (4.9 m) wide was built along the northern side of the wall for the full length. At some places the wall reached 50 ft (15 m) in height. Hollows were made inside where about 100 soldiers could hide and make an ambush. A company of soldiers
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#173277194301310106-796: The Four Brahmin Ministers, the Leader of the Thousand Nairs, the Leader of the Six Hundred Nairs of Venadu, Punthurakkon Manavikrama – the chief of Eranadu, and other feudatories, made prayaschittam (penance) for an offence against the Arya Brahmins by donating cereals for the daily feeding of Brahmins and leasing out a Cherikkal for that purpose to the Venadu chief Kumaran Udaya Varma. Duarte Barbosa , in
10269-445: The Granthavaris, and in official treaties with the English and the Dutch. No records indicate the actual personal name of the ruler. Punthura may be the place of their origin, or a battle-field, or a port of great fame. The title "Kunnalakkon" ("Lord of Hills and Waves") and its Sanskrit form "Shailabdhishvara" are mostly found in later literary works (such as Manipravalam and Sanskrit poems). Thrikkavil Kovilakam in Ponnani served as
10432-406: The Indian government) started broadcasting its national channel all over India. This was the only channel available to Mysoreans until Star TV started satellite channels in 1991. Direct-to-home channels are now available in Mysore. The Wodeyar kings of Mysore were patrons of games and sports. King Krishnaraja Wodeyar III had a passion for indoor games. He invented new board games and popularised
10595-519: The Karanji, Kukkarahalli and the Blue Lagoon Lake are popular recreational destinations. Blue Lagoon is a lake with a mini island located behind the KRS water dam, from which it is mesmerising to watch the sunset and sunrise. Mysore has the Regional Museum of Natural History , the Folk Lore Museum , the Railway Museum and the Oriental Research Institute . The city is a centre for yoga -related health tourism that attracts domestic and foreign visitors, particularly those who, for years, came to study with
10758-545: The Madras Governor, Sir Archibald Campbell , the proceedings and requested him to lend him 4 English officers and 12 Sergeants to command his army and, anticipating an early invasion by Tippu, commanded Dewan Kesava Pillai to look to the frontier fortifications. The governor then wrote to Tippu that an invasion against Travancore would be considered as a breach of the Treaty made with the Company. He also offered two or three battalions to assist Raja in his frontiers. Two regiments under Captain Knox were stationed near Ayacotta for
10921-451: The Muslim judge of Calicut offered all help in "money and material" to the Zamorin to strike at Thirunavaya. Smaller chiefdoms south of Calicut – Beypore, Chaliyam, Parappanadu and Tanur (Vettam) – soon had to submit and became their feudatories one by one. The rulers of Payyormala, Kurumbranadu , and other Nair chiefs on the suburbs of Calicut also acknowledged the supremacy of Calicut. There were battles between Calicut and Kurumbranadu for
11084-437: The Muslim naval fleet under the Koya of Calicut, the Zamorin's fighters advanced by both land and sea. The main force under the command of Zamorin himself attacked, encamping at Thripangodu, an allied force of Valluvanadu and Perumpadappu from the north. Meanwhile, another force under the Eralppadu commanded a fleet across the sea and landed at Ponnani and later moved to Thirumanasseri, with intention to descend on Thirunavaya from
11247-516: The Mysore Palace and culminates at a place called Bannimantapa, where the banni tree ( Prosopis spicigera ) is worshipped. The Dasara festivities culminate on the night of Vijayadashami with a torchlight parade, known locally as Panjina Kavayatthu . Mysore is called the City of Palaces because of several ornate examples in the city. Among the most notable are Amba Vilas , popularly known as Mysore Palace; Jaganmohana Palace , which also serves as an art gallery; Rajendra Vilas , also known as
11410-407: The Mysore University. R. K. Narayan , a popular English-language novelist and creator of the fictional town of Malgudi , and his cartoonist brother R. K. Laxman spent much of their life in Mysore. Mysore is a major tourist destination in its own right and serves as a base for other tourist attractions in the vicinity. The city receives many tourists during the ten-day Dasara festival. One of
11573-414: The Nedumkotta. He destroyed the wall at Konoor kotaa or kottamuri and advanced further. He filled trenches for a few kilometres to enable his army to move forward. The Travancore army found that resistance was useless, retreated and the Mysore army entered Travancore. The two battalions of the Army of East India company were just spectators without giving any aid to the Travancore army. Many portions of
11736-553: The Polarthiri at his base, resulting in a 48-year-long standoff. The Eradi was unsuccessful, and then he propitiated the Bhagavati , bribed the followers of Polarthiri and even the consort of the ruler of Polanadu and won them to his side. Learning of this treachery Polarthiri fled from Kozhikode. The Eradi emerged victorious and shifted his seat from Nediyiruppu to Kozhikode – then also called "Thrivikramapuram". The Eradis built
11899-538: The Pulpatta temple. Fine is prescribed for the violation of the rules. The Uralar are authorised to take over from Pattavalan (officer in charge of collection) in case of obstruction. Manigramam was a famous merchant guild (active in southern India and south-east Asia) organised by native Indians. Although there is no solid basis for the famous partition legend (the Cheraman Perumal tradition) surrounding
12062-1035: The Sultan in May 1790, which marked the beginning of the Third Anglo-Mysore War . Hearing the information that the British army was planning an attack on Srirangapatnam the Sultan retreated from Travancore. On 24th May 1790, Tippu Sultan marched back to save his kingdom on 24 May 1790. 1. Valath, V.,V., K., Keralathile sthalacharithrangal – Thrissur Jilla (in Malayalam), Kerala Sahitya academy 1981. 2. Kerala Charitradharakal (Historical Documents) by Naduvattam Gopalakrishnan, pp. 84–89. 3. Thiruvithamkur Charitram (Travancore History) by P. Sankunni Menon, p. 161. 4. Kerala Charitram (Kerala History) by A. Sreedhara Menon, p. 55. 5. Malabar Manual by William Logan, p. 455. Mysore Mysore ( / m aɪ ˈ s ɔːr / my- SOR ), officially Mysuru ( Kannada: [ˈmaɪˈsuːɾu] ),
12225-516: The Sultanate of Bengal, been stranded at port Calicut, and on this occasion had been received by the Zamorin of Calicut. Impressed by the description of the Timurid influence, the Zamorin decided to send his own embassy to Herat. Abdur Razzaq, an employ of Shahrukh, was soon engaged on a mission to Calicut (November 1442 – April 1443). He carried a series of presents from Herat, including a horse,
12388-417: The Zamorin's King’s lineage was always half Zamorin and half Nambudiri Brahmin . In the royal family, thalis of the princesses were usually tied by Kshatriyas from Kodungallur chief's family, which the Zamorin recognised as more ancient and therefore higher rank. The women's sambandham partners were Nambudiri Brahmins or Kshatriyas. Royal men married Samantan or other Nair women. Zamorin's consort
12551-448: The Zamorins in the late 15th century were Panthalayini Kollam, and Calicut . The Zamorin of Calicut derived a greater part of his revenues by taxing the spice trade through his ports. Smaller ports in the kingdom were Puthuppattanam (Kottakkal), Parappanangadi , Tanur (Tanore) , Ponnani (Ponani) , Chetuva (Chetwai) and Kodungallur (Cranganore) . The port of Beypore served as a ship building center. According to K. V. Krishna Iyer,
12714-497: The ancient hereditary chief of Valluvanadu. The principal objective of Calicut was the capture the sacred settlement of Thirunavaya . Soon the Zamorins found themselves intervened in the so-called kurmatsaram between Nambudiris of Panniyurkur and Chovvarakur. In the most recent event, the Nambudiris from Thirumanasseri Nadu had assaulted and burned the nearby rival village. The rulers of Valluvanadu and Perumpadappu came to help
12877-438: The battle, which dragged on for almost a decade. At last the Valluvanadu minister was captured by Zamorin's warriors and executed at Padapparambu, and his province (Ten Kalams, including Kottakkal and Panthalur) were occupied by the Zamorin. The Kizhakke Kovilakam Munalappadu, who took a leading part in this campaign, received half of the newly captured province from Zamorin as a gift. The loss of this fiercely loyal chief minister
13040-461: The battles, the Nairs abandoned the settlement and Calicut infested Thirunavaya. The capture of Thirunavaya was not the end of Calicut's expansion into Valluvanadu. The Zamorin continued surges over on Valluvanadu. Malappuram , Nilambur , Vallappanattukara and Manjeri were easily occupied. He encountered stiff resistance in some places and the fights went on in a protracted and sporadic fashion for
13203-539: The cannons and artilleries. There were heavy casualties suffered by Mysore army that they found themselves in a confused frenzy. In the meantime, the East India Company along with its Travancore contingent fought in Coimbatore and was successful in taking down the forts. The company also attacked Srirangapattanam and Bangalore with the aid of Nawab of Arcot and Marathas . The company declared war on
13366-498: The capital to Bangalore . In 1876–77, towards the end of the period of direct British rule, Mysore suffered from the Great Famine of 1876–1878 , in which nearly a fifth of the population died. In 1881, Maharaja Chamaraja Wadiyar X was given control of Mysore, in a process called rendition , but with a resident British officer and a diwan to handle the Maharaja's administration, and the city of Mysore regained its status as
13529-552: The capital. The Mysore municipality was established in 1888 and the city was divided into eight wards. In 1897 an outbreak of bubonic plague killed nearly half of the population of the city. With the establishment of the City Improvement Trust Board (CITB) in 1903, Mysore became one of the first cities in Asia to undertake planned urban development. Public demonstrations and meetings were held there during
13692-613: The chief of Eranadu, and other feudatories, made amends for (some) offence against the Arya Brahmins by donating paddy for daily feeding the Brahmins and leasing out a Cherikkal for that purpose to Venadu chief Kumara Udaya Varma. (c. 11th century) The chief of Eranadu Manavepala Mana Viyatan creates an endowment for Tiruvilakku at Trichambaram temple. The Six Hundred of Eralanadu and the Three Hundred of Etattirai Nadu, among others, make provision for "uttu" by assigning land to
13855-494: The chief/senior prince of Eranad (Eralanadu Utaya) is assumed to be hereditary. The earliest reference to the chief and chiefdom of Eranad is the Cochin Jewish copper plate (c. 1000). Old Malayalam inscriptions name two titles for the rulers of Eranad – Manvepala Manaviyata (c. 11 century) and Manavikrama (c. 12th century). In the later period, Manavikrama, Manaveda and Viraraya were the only names given to male members in
14018-497: The chronological seniority of the incumbent in the different thavazhis of the swaroopam and constituted what is called in the records as "kuruvazhcha". Unlike in the case of Cochin (Kochi), there was no rotation of position among the thavazhis. Thus no particular thavazhi enjoyed any privilege or precedence in the matter of succession, as the only criterion for succession was seniority of age. Five sthanams existed in Calicut, each with its own separate property enjoyed in succession by
14181-527: The citizens of Mysore every five years. The council members, in turn, elect the mayor. The annual budget of the corporation for the year 2011–2012 was ₹ 4.27 billion (equivalent to ₹ 8.8 billion or US$ 110 million in 2023). Among 63 cities covered under the Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission , Mysore City Corporation was adjudged the second best city municipal corporation and
14344-590: The city and between cities. A new division of KSRTC called Mysore City Transport Corporation (MCTC) has been proposed. Within the city, buses are cheap and popular means of transport, auto-rickshaws are also available and tongas (horse-drawn carriages) are popular with tourists. Mysore also has a 42.5-kilometre (26.4 mi) long ring road that is being upgraded to six lanes by the MUDA . Mysore has implemented Intelligent Transport System (ITS) to manage its city buses and ferrying commuters. RTO code of Mysore West
14507-634: The city drains into four valleys: Kesare, Malalavadi, Dalavai and Belavatha. In an exercise carried out by the Urban Development Ministry under the national urban sanitation policy, Mysore was rated the second cleanest city in India in 2010 and the cleanest in Karnataka. The citizens of Mysore elect five representatives to the Legislative assembly of Karnataka through the constituencies of Chamaraja, Krishnaraja, Narasimharaja, Hunsur and Chamundeshwari. Mysore city, being part of
14670-517: The city is managed by the Mysore City Corporation, which was established as a municipality in 1888 and converted into a corporation in 1977. Overseeing engineering works, health, sanitation, water supply, administration and taxation, the corporation is headed by a Mayor, who is assisted by commissioners and council members. The city is divided into 65 wards and the council members (also known as corporators ) are elected by
14833-508: The city is the Shatabdi Express which goes to Chennai via Bangalore . A satellite terminal is planned at Naganahalli to reduce congestion in the main railway station. On 20 June 2022, Prime Minister Narendra Modi laid the foundation to upgrade the present city railway junction. The ₹385 crore project envisages construction of another three platforms, four pit lines and four stabling lines to make nine platforms. Additionally,
14996-420: The city to Chamarajanagara and Mangalore are unelectrified single track and the track that connects to Bengaluru is electrified double track . Mysore Railway Junction comes under the jurisdiction of South Western Railway Zone. Within the city limits of Mysore, there are two small stations in the line which connects Chamarajanagara . They are Ashokpuram and Chamarajapuram . The fastest train to serve
15159-427: The city. During the Dasara festivals, Mysore receives hundreds of thousands of tourists from around the world. The city is also the namesake to various art forms and culture, such as Mysore Dasara and Mysore painting ; foods such as the sweet delicacy Mysore pak , breakfasts like Mysore Dosa and Mysore Masala Dosa; brands such as Mysore Sandal Soap , Mysore Paints ; and styles and cosmetics such as Mysore peta ,
15322-539: The coastal "marshy lands" and established the city of Calicut. To corroborate his assertion that the Eradi prince was a member of the inner circle of the last Chera king Rama Kulasekhara (c. 1089 – 1122), scholars cite an old Malayalam inscription (1102) found on a granite pillar set up in the courtyard of the Ramashwaram temple, Kollam . According to the inscription, the king, residing at Panainkavu Palace at Kurakkeni Kollam, sitting in council with Arya Brahmins,
15485-467: The commander of the eastern forces. Anchuvannam was a merchant guild in Kerala organised by Jewish, Christian and Muslim merchants from the Middle East. The Chera king Rama Kulasekhara, residing at Kollam, sitting in royal council with Arya Brahmins of the temple, the Four Brahmin Ministers, the Leader of the Thousand Nairs, the Leader of the Six Hundred Nairs of Venadu, Punthurakkon Manavikrama –
15648-669: The commerce was repeatedly hampered by the forces of the Zamorin of Calicut. The Kunjali Marakkars , the famous Muslim warriors, were the admiral of the fleet of Calicut. By the end of the 16th century the Portuguese – now commanding the spice traffic on the Malabar Coast – had succeeded in replacing the Muslim merchants in the Arabian Sea. The Dutch supplanted the Portuguese in the 17th century, who in turn were supplanted by
15811-579: The court historian in Calicut, the members of the royal house of Zamorin belonged to the Eradi subcaste of the sub-caste Samantan of the Nair caste. The Samantas claimed a status higher than the rest of the Nairs. The Hindu theological formula that the rulers must be of Kshatriya varna may have been a complication for the Samantas of the Kodungallur Chera monarch. So the Samantas – already crystallized as
15974-589: The dislike of Tippu Sultan, parts of the Travancore Lines were built on Cochin territory and a large part of the Cochin State was behind Travancore lines. This was a violation of Mysore's territorial agreement and was considered as an encroachment of its territory. Tippu Sultan contacted Travancore Raja to destroy the Lines as early as possible. Tippu Sultan wrote to the Raja, "The Cochin Raja has been my tributary fifty or sixty years – after I possessed
16137-470: The districts of Mysore , Mandya , Hassan and Chamarajanagar in Karnataka. About 127 colleges, with a total of 53,000 students, are affiliated with the university. Its alumni include Kuvempu, Gopalakrishna Adiga , S. L. Bhyrappa , U. R. Ananthamurthy and N.R. Narayana Murthy . Engineering education began in Mysore with the establishment in 1946 of the National Institute of Engineering ,
16300-593: The dominion of Puragere to his son Chamaraja Wodeyar IV (1572–1576). Since the 16th century, the name of Mayashūru has commonly been used to denote the city. The Kingdom of Mysore , governed by the Wodeyar family, initially served as a vassal state of the Vijayanagara Empire . With the decline of that empire after the Battle of Talikota in 1565, the Mysore Kingdom gradually achieved independence, and by
16463-485: The early 16th century, mentions the "Cheraman sword" among the three swords and other royal emblems of the Zamorin usually taken out in ceremonial processions. The sword was worshipped by the Zamorins in their private temple everyday and especially at the time of the coronation. The Cheraman sword was burnt in a surprise attack by the Dutch at Kodungallur (1670) while the Zamorin was residing with Velutha Nambiyar. A new sword
16626-419: The end of Kodungallur Cheras, it is a possibility that following the mysterious disappearance of the ruler, the land was "partitioned" and that the governors of different nadus asserted independence, proclaiming it as their gift from the last overlord. There is some ambiguity regarding the exact course of events that led to the establishment of Eradi's rule over Calicut, their later seat. Some historians are of
16789-437: The families of other Hindu generals who had allegiance to him, in the captured areas of Valluvanadu. Calicut occupied Valluvanadu (now shrunk to Attappadi valley, parts of Mannarkkad, Ottappalam and Perinthalmanna) but could not make much progress into its hinterland. Calicut was also successful in bringing the polity of Kolathunadu (Cannanore) under their control. During his expansions, the Zamorin occupied Pantalayini Kollam as
16952-574: The first decade of the 21st century has resulted in the city emerging as the second largest software exporter in Karnataka (as of ), next to Bangalore. Mysore also has many shopping malls, including the Mall of Mysore which is one of the largest malls in India and Karnataka. Retail is also a major part of the economy in Mysore. Mysore also hosts many central government organisations like CFTRI, DFRL, CIPET, BEML, RMP (Rare Material Project), RBI Note printing Press and RBI Paper Printing Press. Referred to as
17115-597: The first time and Mr. George Powney, a Civil Officer, was sent as an agent of the Company to the Travancore Court. Travancore Raja also entered in to a treaty with Dutch Army by which he was handed over the Cranganore Fort and Aycotta . The fortification was constructed during the regime of Rama Varma Raja, popularly known as Dharma Raja of Travancore, and under the direct guidance and supervision of
17278-567: The forested borders of Panthalayini Kollam ( Koyilandy ). The Samoothiris belonged to the Eradi subcaste of the Samantan community of colonial Kerala , and were originally the ruling chiefs of Eranad . The final Zamorin of Calicut committed suicide by setting fire to his palace and burning himself alive inside it, upon learning that Hyder Ali had captured the neighboring country of Chirackal in Kannur . The title zamorin first appears in
17441-460: The former five were Europeans and one was a Maharashtrian. English historians consider the attack to be unwarranted and unnecessary. Mark Wilks records that the Sultan was directly involved in the attack, that he suffered a leg injury and was crippled for life, and that his valuable jewelry was confiscated. However, based on the Mathilakam documents, A. P. Ibrahim Kunju evaluates that the Sultan
17604-433: The fortification. On the north side of the fortification, ditches were dug twenty feet wide and sixteen feet deep, and filled with thorny plants, poisonous snakes, and hidden weapons. On the south side as well as on the top of the fortification, wide roads were laid for the convenience of military movements. The construction work was started in 1762 and was completed only by 1775 from where it was extended to Vypin . Much to
17767-410: The head of a large column, and stormed Thirunavaya. In spite of the fact that the warriors of Valluvanadu did not get the timely help of Perumpadappu, they fought vigorously and the battle dragged on. In the meantime, the Calicut minister Mangattachan was also successful in turning Kadannamanna Elavakayil Vellodi (junior branch of Kadannamanna) to their side. Finally, two Valluvanadu princes were killed in
17930-727: The kitchen in the Mysore palace is Mysore pak . Mysore is the location of the International Ganjifa Research Centre, which researches the ancient card game Ganjifa and the art associated with it. The Chamarajendra Academy of Visual Arts (CAVA) offers education in visual art forms such as painting, graphics, sculpture, applied art, photography, photojournalism and art history. The Rangayana repertory company performs plays and offers certificate courses in subjects related to theatre. Kannada writers Kuvempu , Gopalakrishna Adiga and U. R. Ananthamurthy were educated in Mysore and served as professors at
18093-855: The larger Mysore Lok Sabha constituency, also elects one member to the Lok Sabha , the lower house of the Indian Parliament . The politics in the city is dominated by three political parties: the Indian National Congress (INC), the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), and the Janata Dal (Secular) (JDS). Tourism and IT are the major industries in Mysore. The city attracted about 3.15 million tourists in 2010. Mysore has traditionally been home to industries such as weaving, sandalwood carving, bronze work and
18256-470: The late Ashtanga vinyasa yoga guru K. Pattabhi Jois . A short distance from Mysore city is the neighbouring Mandya District's Krishnarajasagar Dam and the adjoining Brindavan Gardens , where a musical fountain show is held every evening. Places of historic importance close to Mysore are Mandya District's Ranganathaswamy Temple, Srirangapatna . And other historical places are Somanathapura and Talakad . B R Hills , Himavad Gopalaswamy Betta hill and
18419-497: The literacy rate of the city is 86.84 per cent, which is higher than the state's average of 75.6 per cent. Kannada is the most widely spoken language in the city. Approximately 19% of the population live below the poverty line, and 9% live in slums . According to the 2001 census, 35.75% of the population in the urban areas of Karnataka are workers, but only 33.3% of the population of Mysore are. Members of Scheduled castes and scheduled tribes constitute 15.1% of
18582-399: The meaning "lord of the sea". In fact, the term derives from Sanskrit svami and sri (which in combined form becomes tiri ), which Krishna Iyer glosses as "emperor". He gives the complete title as Svami Tiri Tirumulapad ("august emperor"). The Zamorins used the title Punturakkon or Punthurakon (Victor/Lord of Punthura?) in inscriptions from c. 1100, in palace records known as
18745-701: The most visited monuments in India, the Amba Vilas Palace, or Mysore Palace, is the centre of the Dasara festivities. The Jaganmohana Palace, The Sand Sculpture Museum the Jayalakshmi Vilas and the Lalitha Mahal are other palaces in the city. Chamundeshwari Temple, atop the Chamundi Hills, and St. Philomena's Church , Wesley's Cathedral, Karanji lake are notable religious places in Mysore. The Mysore Zoo, established in 1892,
18908-492: The multifarious environmental and road-traffic hazards, enhance conveyance convenience, and make local daily commutes economical for the common citizen. Mysore railway station has three lines, connecting it to Bangalore , Mangalore , and Chamarajanagar . The first railway line established in the city was the Bangalore–Mysore Junction metre gauge line, which was commissioned in 1882. Railway lines that connect
19071-405: The population density is 6,910.5 per square kilometre (17,898/sq mi). According to the census of 2001, 73.65% of the city population are Hindus , 21.92% are Muslims , 2.71% are Christians , 1.13% are Jains and the remainder belong to other religions. The population exceeded 100,000 in the census of 1931 and grew by 20.5 per cent in the decade 1991–2001. As of 2011 ,
19234-561: The population. According to the National Crime Records Bureau of India, the number of cognisable crime incidents reported in Mysore during 2010 was 3,407 (second in the state, after Bangalore's 32,188), increasing from 3,183 incidents reported in 2009. The residents of the city are known as Mysoreans in English and Mysoorinavaru in Kannada. The dispute between Karnataka and Tamil Nadu over
19397-659: The production of lime and salt. It has many big IT companies like Infosys and Wipro . The planned industrial growth of the city and the state was first envisaged at the Mysore economic conference in 1911. This led to the establishment of industries such as the Mysore Sandalwood Oil Factory in 1917 and the Sri Krishnarajendra Mills in 1920. Mysore has emerged as an industrial hub in Karnataka next to Bangalore . Mysore
19560-518: The proprietorship of the merchant guild Anchuvannam and other 72 special trade privileges. Rabban was also exempted from all payments made by other settlers in the town to the king, and in-turn, all the rights of other settlers in the town were extended to him. The document was attested by the chief feudatories of the Chera king – Govardhana Marthanda (Venadu), Kotha Chirikanthan (Venpalinadu), Manavepala Mana Viyatan (Eralanadu), Rayiran Chathan (Valluvanadu), Kotha Ravi (Netumpurayur-nadu) – and Murkan Chathan
19723-435: The rampart into the 16 feet wide and 20 deep ditch which was a difficult task to be done. He then advanced without levelling the ditches and in one column, through a narrow passage. This move backfired on the Mysore army as it could not move freely. They were also ambushed by a small 20-member team of the Travancore army who returned heavy fire which killed the commander of the army and caused panic to ensue amongst them. There
19886-429: The rebellion. As the Vijayanagara power diminished over the next fifty years, Zamorin of Calicut again rose to prominence in Kerala. Zamorin built a fort at Ponnani in 1498. An embassy from the Zamorin of Calicut, in which the chief envoy was a Persian-speaking Muslim, came to the Timurid court of Mirza Shahrukh at Herat in the 15th century. Some Herat officials had, some years earlier, on their return journey from
20049-467: The restoration of a portion of his territory, to which Samoothiri promptly refused. Tippu then requested the help of the Cochin Raja to speak to Dharma raja to become a tributary of Mysore which was then was defied by stating that nothing would be done against the will of the East India Company. This enraged Tippu, who planned then to invade the Travancore demolishing Nedumkotta. The Maharaja informed
20212-605: The royal family, the Zamorin always being known as Manavikrama. Historians assume that Manaveda might be a corruption of the old Malayalam title "Manaviyata". Scholars tentatively identify Manaviyata and Manavikrama with the titles of the elder and younger brothers of the famous origin legend. The strength of the "Hundred Organisation" of the senior prince of Eranadu was "Six Hundred". Several organisations with same capacity are also found in Ramavalanadu, Valluvanadu, Kizhmalanadu and Venadu. Scholars come across only one nadu with
20375-465: The second of March,Tippu once again started his attacks by a skirmish outside the wall and on the sixth of March, ordered his artillery to move forward. The wall sustained heavy fire from artillery for about a month but at last yielded a breach that was three quarters of a mile long. Later in April he came back with reinforcements and this time was able to break into the territory after making the way through
20538-708: The second oldest engineering college in the state. The Mysore Medical College , founded in 1924, was the first medical college to be started in Karnataka and the seventh in India . National institutes in the city include te Central Food Technological Research Institute , the Central Institute of Indian Languages , the Defence Food Research Laboratory , and the All India Institute of Speech and Hearing . The city houses
20701-656: The senior members of the three kovilakams of the family: The three thavazhis were: The senior female member of the whole Zamorin family, the Valiya Thamburatti, also enjoyed a sthanam with separate property known as the Ambadi Kovilakam. Women were not allowed to be the ruler of Calicut. And so the oldest male member traced became the next Zamorin. Brahmanic legends such as the Keralolpathi (compiled in its final form c. 17th – 18 century) and
20864-407: The sharing of Kaveri river water often leads to minor altercations and demonstrations in the city. Growth in the information technology industry in Mysore has led to a change in the city's demographic profile; likely strains on the infrastructure and haphazard growth of the city resulting from the demographic change have been a cause of concern for some of its citizens. The civic administration of
21027-601: The south with help of the warriors of the Thirumanasseri Brahmins. Eralppadu also prevented the warriors of Perumpadappu joining Valluvanadu forces. The Muslim merchants and commanders at Ponnani supported the Calicut force with food, transport and provisions. The warriors of the Eralppadu moved north and crossed the River Perar and took up position on the northern side of the river. The Koya marched at
21190-401: The south. Other tourist spots near Mysore include the religious locations of Nanjanagud and Bylakuppe and the waterfalls at neighbouring districts of Mandya's Shivanasamudra . Mysore is connected by National Highway 212 (India) to the state border town of Gundlupet , where the road forks into the states of Kerala and Tamil Nadu. State Highway 17 , which connects Mysore to Bangalore,
21353-706: The southern region of Karnataka. Mysore is the southernmost city of Karnataka and is a neighbouring city of the states of Kerala and Tamil Nadu in the south, flanked by the state cities Madikeri , Chamarajanagara , and Mandya . People in and around Mysore extensively use Kannada as a medium of language. Mysore has several lakes, such as the Kukkarahalli , the Karanji , and the Lingambudhi lakes. Mysore has The Biggest 'Walk-Through Aviary' called Karanji Lake in India. In 2001, total land area usage in Mysore city
21516-405: The summer palace; Lalitha Mahal , which has been converted into a hotel; and Jayalakshmi Vilas . The palace of Mysore burned down in 1897, and the present structure was built on the same site. Amba Vilas palace exhibits an Indo-Saracenic style of architecture on the outside, but a distinctly Hoysala style in the interior. Even though the Government of Karnataka maintains the Mysore palace,
21679-509: The tent until he took what was by then called by him as "the contemptible wall". The Mysore army suffered heavy casualties and army commanders like Semal Beg were killed. Tippu Sultan's palanquin, his seals, rings and personal ornaments and sword fell into the Dewaan's hands as trophies. These were forwarded to the Nawab of Arcot upon his request. Several officers and men were taken prisoners; of
21842-455: The tenth day, called Vijayadashami , the traditional Dasara procession (locally known as Jumboo Savari ) is held on the streets of Mysore which usually falls in the month of September or October. The idol of the goddess Chamundeshwari is placed on a golden mantapa on the back of a decorated elephant and taken on a procession, accompanied by tabla, dance groups, music bands, decorated elephants, horses and camels. The procession starts from
22005-607: The then Prime Minister, Ayyappan Marthanda Pillai, and the then commander of the Travancore Army, the Dutch Captain D'Lenoy . This historic defence line was comparable to the Great Wall of China except that the latter was more ancient and greater in length. It was under the protective cover of this Nedumkotta that a small army of Travancoreans under the command of Raja Keshavadas defeated and frustrated near Alwaye
22168-509: The third most populous city in Karnataka Mysore urban agglomeration is the second largest urban agglomeration in the state and is home to 1,060,120 people, consisting of 497,132 males and 493,762 females. According to 2011 census, Mysore was the largest non-metropolitan city in India and had the highest basic infrastructure index of 2.846. Mysore was estimated to have crossed 1 million in 2017 making it
22331-416: The time of King Narasaraja Wodeyar (1637), it had become a sovereign state. Seringapatam , near Mysore, the present-day Srirangapatna, was the capital of the kingdom beginning in 1610. The 17th century saw a steady expansion of its territory and, under Narasaraja Wodeyar I and Chikka Devaraja Wodeyar , the kingdom annexed large areas of what is now southern Karnataka and parts of Tamil Nadu, to become
22494-508: The untouchables – the Cherumas and Panans of Kotta – resisted the advancing Calicut forces. The Calicut won their affection by gifts and presents. Calicut prince was met by an ancestor of Kavalappara Nair, a vassal of Valluvanadu, at Karakkadu. The chiefs under Palakkad surrendered to Calicut at Vengotri, Nellayi and Kakkathodu. Zamorin of Calicut appointed the Eralppadu as the ruler of southern Malabar region during this time. The provincial seat
22657-457: The vassals of Kochi. The Kochi chief was defeated in a battle at Thrissur and his palace was occupied. But, the defeated chief escaped to further south. Pursuing the chief to south, the Calicut forces under Zamorin penetrated and occupied the town of Kochi. Unable to withstand the attacks, Kochi finally accepted Calicut's rule. The prince from the elder branch was installed on the throne of Kochi as vassal. The battles against Kochi were followed by
22820-490: The view that the Eradi was in fact a favourite of the last Kodungallur Chera king as he was at the forefront of the battles with the Chola – Pandya forces in south Kerala. The Eradi seems to have led the Chera army to victory. The king therefore granted him, as a mark of favour, a small tract of land on the sea-coast Calicut in addition to his hereditary possessions (Eralanadu province). The Eradis subsequently moved their seat to
22983-537: The wall were destroyed during war, others later eroded away due to heavy rains, and trenches were filled up. Most of the ruins that were left have also been lost due ignorance about the historical structure among the locals. There were also no memorials erected anywhere in Parur , Angamaly or Alwaye to honour the Dharma Raja , D'Lennoy who were the architects of the fort; or Raja Keshavadas under whose direct command
23146-653: The world would gather. The Portuguese navigator Vasco da Gama visited Quilandy (Koyilandy) in 1498, opening the sailing route directly from Europe to South Asia . The port at Kozhikode acted as the gateway to medieval South Indian coast for the Arabs , the Chinese , the Portuguese , the Dutch , and finally the British . The Portuguese efforts to lay the foundations to Estado da Índia , and to take complete control over
23309-538: The writings of Ibn Battuta in 1342. In the Portuguese Book of Duarte Barbosa (c. 1516), the title of the ruler of Calicut is given as çamidre or zomodri , derived from the local Malayalam sāmūtiri . In Tuhfat Ul Mujahideen written by Zainuddin Makhdoom II in the 16th century CE, the word is pronounced as Sāmuri . This was once thought to be derived from Sanskrit samudra ("sea") and have
23472-417: Was M. Venkatakrishnaiah , known as the father of Kannada journalism, who started several news magazines. Many local newspapers are published in Mysore and carry news mostly related to the city and its surroundings, and national and regional dailies in English and Kannada are available, as in the other parts of the state. Sudharma , the only Indian daily newspaper in Sanskrit, is published in Mysore. Mysore
23635-611: Was 39.9% residential, 16.1% roads, 13.74% parks and open spaces, 13.48% industrial, 8.96% public property, 3.02% commercial, 2.27% agriculture and 2.02 water. The city is located between two rivers: the Kaveri River that flows through the north of the city and the Kabini River , a tributary of the Kaveri, that lies to the south. Mysore has a tropical savanna climate ( Aw ) bordering on
23798-468: Was a defence fortification constructed along the northern borders of the erstwhile Travancore allied Cochin State of 1757–1762 AD. The places north of Nedumkotta was under Zamorin occupied Cochin (1757–1762). It passed through the territories of the then Cochin State. The Nedumkotta was built primarily to resist the invasion under Hyder Ali Khan against Travancore State and southern parts of Cochin State. It
23961-441: Was allowed to retain his titles and was nominated as the Rajapramukh (appointed governor) of the state with a £20,000 payment. He died in September 1974 and was cremated in Mysore. Over the years, Mysore became well known as a centre for tourism; the city remained largely peaceful, except for occasional riots related to the Kaveri River Water Dispute . Among the events that took place in Mysore and made national headlines were
24124-505: Was annexed into the Madras Presidency , another to the Nizam of Hyderabad. The landlocked interior of the defeated kingdom of Mysore was turned into a princely state under the suzerainty of the British Crown , with the five-year-old Wodeyar Krishnaraja III as titular ruler and with Purnaiah , who had served under Tipu, as chief minister or diwan and Lt. Col. Barry Close as Resident. The British took control of Mysore's foreign policy and insisted on an annual tribute for maintaining
24287-442: Was at Karimpuzha. Talappilli (present day taluk of the same name and coastal regions from Ponnani to Chetwai) and Chengazhinadu submitted to Calicut without any resistance. Calicut then completed the subjugation Ponnani taluk from Valluvanadu and captured Vannerinadu from Perumpadappu. The Perumpadappu ruler was forced to shift their base further south to Thiruvanchikkulam. When Thrikkanamathilakam near Thiruvanchikkulam came under
24450-411: Was chaos and the Sultan himself fell into the ditch over dead corps by which it was almost filled. The Sultan was only saved by some strong soldiers, who raised him on their shoulders which enabled him to ascend the counterscarp. He fell twice in the attempt to clamber up and he was crippled for life due to the fall. He was then escaped to his tent in a dhuli. Humiliated by the defeat, he swore to remain in
24613-445: Was chosen as the official name of All India Radio (AIR), the radio broadcaster of the Government of India. The AIR station at Mysore broadcasts an FM radio channel at 100.6 MHz , and Gyan Vani broadcasts on 105.6. BIG FM , Radio Mirchi and Red FM are the three private FM channels operating in the city. Mysore started receiving television broadcasts in the early 1980s, when Doordarshan ( public service broadcaster of
24776-475: Was dignified by the title "Naittiyar". The family of chieftains that ruled the polities in premodern Kerala was known as the swaroopam . The rulers of Calicut belonged to "Nediyirippu swaroopam" and followed matriliny system of inheritance. The eldest male member of Nediyirippu swaroopam became the Zamorin of Calicut. There was a set pattern of succession, indicated by sthanams in the royal line. Five sthanams were defined in Calicut. These positions were based on
24939-583: Was given the "Nagara Ratna" award in 2011. Urban growth and expansion is managed by the Mysore Urban Development Authority (MUDA), which is headed by a commissioner. Its activities include developing new layouts and roads, town planning and land acquisition. One of the major projects undertaken by MUDA is the creation of an Outer Ring Road to ease traffic congestion. Citizens of Mysore have criticised MUDA for its inability to prevent land mafias and ensure lawful distribution of housing lands among city residents. The Chamundeshwari Electricity Supply Corporation
25102-414: Was killed by the goddess Chamundeshwari , whose temple is situated atop the Chamundi Hills , after whom it is named. ' Mahishapura' later became Mahisūru (a name which, even now, the royal family uses), and finally came to be rendered as Mysore by the British and Maisūru (Mysuru) in the vernacular Kannada language . In December 2005, the Government of Karnataka announced its intention to change
25265-492: Was made in 1672 out of the fragments of the old. The broken parts of the 1672 sword, kept in a fully sealed copper sheath, are still worshipped daily in the Bhagavathi temple attached to the palace of the Zamorins at Thiruvachira. The 17th century work, Keralolpathi describes the events following the gift of Calicut to the Eradi prince. Kozhikode and its suburbs formed part of Polanadu ruled by Polarthiri. The Eradi marched with his Nairs towards Panniyankara and besieged
25428-407: Was not directly involved. The Madras Governor, Mr. Holland, refused to help Travancore, because he thought that the Maharaja had acted unlawfully in purchasing the Dutch forts The Maharaja requested the Madras Governor to issue orders to the British army to co-operate with him in case of an attack from Tippu Sultan which was expected at any moment. Help was promised but was never rendered on time. On
25591-405: Was raised mainly with clay and mud, and reinforced with stones, laterite and granite at strategic places. It started from the Krishan Kotta on the west coast, above Kodungallur , and stretched up to the Anamala Hills on the Western Ghats . It was about 48 km long, 20 feet wide and 12 feet high. The lines consisted of a ditch, sixteen feet wide and twenty feet deep with a thick bamboo hedge,
25754-457: Was started in 1762 and it was completed only by 1775. The lines consist of a ditch about sixteen feet broad and twenty feet deep with a thick bamboo hedge in it, with a slight parapet, good rampart and bastions on rising grounds almost flanking each other from one extreme of the lines to the other. The construction of Nedumkotta or the Travancore Lines is considered to be a unique and unparallel episode in Indian History by historians. The Nedumkotta
25917-482: Was stationed about every kilometre with ammunition store house at strategic points. There were also caves in the nearby wells to hide in the possibility of an unannounced attack. Muringoor Kottamury (3 km south of Chalakudy) is the place where the NH47 crosses the Nedumkotta. The places where fortification once stood is in the present Chalakudy Taluk in Thrissur District , Kerala . 24 years after his father, Hyder Ali had attacked Kochi , Tipu Sultan started on
26080-406: Was the greatest blow to Valluvanadu after the loss of Tirunavaya and Ponnani . Calicut faced defeat in their next assault on Perumpadappu swaroopam. The combined forces of Perumpadappu and Valluvanadu resisted Calicut warriors and a vicious battle ensued for three days, at the end of which Calicut forces was on the retreat. After a period of uneasy calm in Kerala, Calicut occupied Nedunganadu,
26243-421: Was the location of the first private radio broadcasting station in India when Akashavani (voice from the sky) was established in the city on 10 September 1935 by M.V. Gopalaswamy, a professor of psychology, at his house in the Vontikoppal area of Mysore, using a 50-watt transmitter. The station was taken over by the princely state of Mysore in 1941 and was moved to Bangalore in 1955. In 1957, Akashvani
26406-434: Was the title of the erstwhile ruler and monarch of the Calicut kingdom in the South Malabar region of India. Originating from the former feudal kingdom of Nediyiruppu Swaroopam, the Samoothiris and their vassal kings from Nilambur Kovilakam established Calicut as one of the most important trading ports on the southwest coast of India. At the peak of their reign, they ruled over a region extending from Kozhikode Kollam to
26569-482: Was upgraded to a four-lane highway in 2006, reducing travel time between the two cities. A project was planned in 1994 to construct a new expressway to connect Bangalore and Mysore. After numerous legal hurdles, it remains unfinished as of 2012 . State Highway 33 and National Highway 275 which connect Mysore to H D Kote and Mangalore respectively. The Karnataka State Road Transport Corporation (KSRTC) and other private agencies operate buses both within
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