59-539: Neenah ( / ˈ n iː n ə / NEE -nə ) is a city in Winnebago County, Wisconsin , United States. It is situated on the banks of Lake Winnebago , Little Lake Butte des Morts , and the Fox River approximately 10 miles (16 km) northeast of Oshkosh and 40 miles (64 km) southwest of Green Bay . Neenah's population was 27,319 at the 2020 census. Neenah is within the geographic boundaries of
118-551: A bachelor's degree or higher. As of the census of 2010, there were 25,501 people, 10,694 households, and 6,700 families living in the city. The population density was 2,762.8 inhabitants per square mile (1,066.7/km). There were 11,313 housing units at an average density of 1,225.7 units per square mile (473.2 units/km). The racial makeup of the city was 93.7% White , 1.3% African American , 0.7% Native American , 1.4% Asian , 1.3% from other races , and 1.5% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3.8% of
177-507: A combined question and a MENA category, while also collecting additional detail to enable data disaggregation. The OMB states, "many federal programs are put into effect based on the race data obtained from the decennial census (i.e., promoting equal employment opportunities; assessing racial disparities in health and environmental risks). Race data is also critical for the basic research behind many policy decisions. States require this data to meet legislative redistricting requirements. The data
236-469: A household in the city was $ 59,778, and the median income for a family was $ 77,229. Male full-time workers had a median income of $ 52,352 versus $ 40,085 for female workers. The per capita income for the city was $ 33,420. About 8.6% of families and 11.8% of the population were below the poverty line , including 18.7% of those under age 18 and 9.3% of those age 65 or over. Of the population age 25 and over, 94.9% were high school graduates or higher and 32.1% had
295-533: A person's origins considered in the census. Thus, in addition to their race or races, all respondents are categorized by membership in one of two ethnic categories, which are "Hispanic or Latino" and "Not Hispanic or Latino." However, the practice of separating "race" and "ethnicity" as different categories has been criticized both by the American Anthropological Association and members of US Commission on Civil Rights . In 1997,
354-524: A race. Enumerators were instructed that all people born in Mexico, or whose parents were born in Mexico, should be listed as Mexicans, and not under any other racial category. In prior censuses and in 1940, enumerators were instructed to list Mexican Americans as white, perhaps because some of them were of white background (mainly Spanish), many others mixed white and Native American and some of them Native American. The supplemental American Indian questionnaire
413-675: A separate question. The racial categories represent a social-political construct for the race or races that respondents consider themselves to be and, "generally reflect a social definition of race recognized in this country". The OMB defines the concept of race as outlined for the census to be not "scientific or anthropological", and takes into account "social and cultural characteristics as well as ancestry", using "appropriate scientific methodologies" that are not "primarily biological or genetic in reference." The race categories include both racial and national-origin groups. Race and ethnicity are considered separate and distinct identities, with
472-481: A time when the government was pushing for their removal west of the Mississippi River. According to the U.S. Census Bureau , the county has a total area of 579 square miles (1,500 km ), of which 434 square miles (1,120 km ) is land and 144 square miles (370 km ) (25%) is water. Wittman Regional Airport (KOSH) serves the county and surrounding communities. Brennand Airport (79C) in
531-540: Is a county in the U.S. state of Wisconsin . As of the 2020 census , the population was 171,730. Its county seat is Oshkosh . It was named for the historic Winnebago people , a federally recognized Native American tribe now known as the Ho-Chunk Nation . Chief Oshkosh was a Menominee leader in the area. Winnebago County comprises the Oshkosh- Neenah , WI Metropolitan Statistical Area , which
590-534: Is from the Indian subcontinent ) were counted as White. There was a questionnaire that was asked of only a sample of respondents. These questions were as follows: Questions on Spanish or Hispanic Origin or Descent Is this person's origin or descent? Mexican Puerto Rican Cuban Central American Other Spanish No, none of these This year added several options to the race question, including Vietnamese, Indian (East), Guamanian, Samoan, and re-added Aleut. Again,
649-555: Is governed by the 36-member Winnebago County Board of Supervisors. Supervisors are elected to the board in a nonpartisan election held the first Tuesday of April in even numbered years and serve two-year terms. The board has several committees. It meets on the third Tuesday of each month at the Winnebago County Courthouse in Oshkosh. Winnebago County has become a swing county in recent decades. It has voted for
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#1732781130378708-647: Is included in the Appleton -Oshkosh-Neenah, WI Combined Statistical Area . The region was occupied by several Native American tribes in the period of European encounter, including the Sauk , Fox , Menominee , and Ojibwa (known as Chippewa in the US). French traders from what is now Canada had early interaction with them, as did French Jesuit missionaries, who sought to convert them to Catholicism. European and American settlement encroached on their traditional territories, and
767-607: Is needed to monitor compliance with the Voting Rights Act by local jurisdictions". Data on ethnic groups are important for putting into effect a number of federal statutes (i.e., enforcing bilingual election rules under the Voting Rights Act and monitoring/enforcing equal employment opportunities under the Civil Rights Act ). Data on ethnic groups is also needed by local governments to run programs and meet legislative requirements (i.e., identifying segments of
826-567: The Hoocąk word for "water" or "running water". It was the site of a Ho-Chunk village in the late 18th century. It is Nįįňą in the Hoocąk language. The government initially designated this area in 1835 as an industrial and agricultural mission to the Menominee Indians of the area. Early settlement by European Americans began a few years later, stimulated in large part by the proximity of
885-859: The Secretary of State , directed US Marshals to collect data from all 13 original states, and from the Southwest Territory . The census was not conducted in Vermont until 1791, after that state's admission to the Union as the 14th state on March 4 of that year. Some doubt surrounded the numbers, as President George Washington and Thomas Jefferson maintained the population was undercounted. The potential reasons Washington and Jefferson may have thought this could be refusal to participate, poor public transportation and roads, spread-out population, and restraints of current technology. No microdata from
944-600: The Town of Neenah , but is politically independent. The city is the southwesternmost of the Fox Cities of northeast Wisconsin. It is a principal city of the Oshkosh–Neenah metropolitan statistical area , which consists of all of Winnebago County and had 171,730 residents in 2020. It is sometimes referred to as a twin city with Menasha , with which it shares Doty Island . Neenah was named by Governor James Duane Doty from
1003-476: The US Constitution and applicable laws. The law required that every household be visited, that completed census schedules be posted in two of the most public places within each jurisdiction, remain for the inspection of all concerned, and that "the aggregate amount of each description of persons" for every district be transmitted to the president . The US Marshals were also responsible for governing
1062-510: The United States Census Bureau , the city has a total area of 9.74 square miles (25.23 km), of which, 9.37 square miles (24.27 km) is land and 0.37 square miles (0.96 km) is water. As of the census of 2020 , the population was 27,319. The population density was 2,915 inhabitants per square mile (1,125/km). There were 12,164 housing units at an average density of 1,298 per square mile (501/km). Ethnically,
1121-417: The "Color or Race" question was slightly modified, removing the term "Mulatto". Also, there was an inclusion of an "Indian Population Schedule" in which "enumerators were instructed to use a special expanded questionnaire for American Indians living on reservations or in family groups off of reservations." This expanded version included the question "Fraction of person's lineage that is white." The 1910 census
1180-532: The 1790 population census are available, but aggregate data for small areas and their compatible cartographic boundary files, can be downloaded from the National Historical Geographic Information System . However, the categories of "Free white males" of 16 years and upward, including heads of families under 16 years, "Free white females", including heads of families, All other free persons, and "Slaves," existed in
1239-414: The 2000 and 2010 censuses. The following questions were asked of a sample of respondents for the 1990 census : The 1990 census was not designed to capture multiple racial responses, and when individuals marked the "other" race option and provided a multiple write-in. The response was assigned according to the race written first. "For example, a write-in of 'black-white' was assigned a code of 'black,' while
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#17327811303781298-519: The OMB built on the 1997 guidelines and suggested the addition of a Middle Eastern or North African (MENA) racial category and considered combining racial and ethnic categories into one question. In March 2024, the Office of Management and Budget published revisions to Statistical Policy Directive No. 15: Standards for Maintaining, Collecting, and Presenting Federal Data on Race and Ethnicity that included
1357-405: The OMB issued a Federal Register notice regarding revisions to the standards for the classification of federal data on race and ethnicity. The OMB developed race and ethnic standards in order to provide "consistent data on race and ethnicity throughout the federal government ". The development of the data standards stem in large measure from new responsibilities to enforce civil rights laws. Among
1416-529: The Town of Clayton is a major recreational aircraft hub year-round. Commercial airline service for Winnebago County is provided by Appleton International Airport in the neighboring Outagamie County . As of the census of 2020 , the population was 171,730. The population density was 395.1 people per square mile (152.5 people/km ). There were 76,046 housing units at an average density of 174.9 units per square mile (67.5 units/km ). The racial makeup of
1475-627: The United States negotiated treaties in the mid-19th century to keep pushing the Indians to the west. Winnebago County was created in 1840 by European Americans and organized in 1848. The name Winnebago is of Algonquin origin, with variations used by the Fox and Potowatomi to refer to the Fox River below Lake Winnebago, which sometimes got muddy and full of fish. It means 'people dwelling by
1534-520: The age of 18 living with them, 53.00% were married couples living together, 8.30% had a female householder with no husband present, and 35.30% were non-families. 27.60% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.90% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.43 and the average family size was 2.99. By age, 23.80% of the population was under 18, 11.80% from 18 to 24, 30.40% from 25 to 44, 21.50% from 45 to 64, and 12.50% were 65 or older. The median age
1593-521: The area to the Fox River. Kimberly-Clark corporation was formed here in 1872. It founded a major paper mill here in 1873, as the region had become a center of lumbering. Profits from lumber stimulated the development of businesses and a variety of professions. Some people relocated to Neenah after the disastrous fire in Oshkosh in 1875. Neenah is located at 44°10′26″N 88°28′6″W / 44.17389°N 88.46833°W / 44.17389; -88.46833 (44.174035, −88.468508). According to
1652-418: The census form. In 1800 and 1810, the age question regarding free white males was more detailed with five cohorts and included All other free persons, except "Indians not taxed", and "Slaves". The 1820 census built on the questions asked in 1810 by asking age questions about slaves. Also the term "colored" entered the census nomenclature. In addition, a question stating "Number of foreigners not naturalized"
1711-418: The census. About one-third of the original census data has been lost or destroyed since documentation. The data was lost in 1790–1830, and included data from Connecticut , Delaware , Georgia , Maine , Maryland , Massachusetts , New Hampshire , New Jersey , New York , North Carolina , Pennsylvania , Rhode Island , South Carolina , Vermont , and Virginia . However, the census was proven factual and
1770-775: The center of the city. Bus service is operated by Valley Transit . Appleton International Airport provides commercial airline service for the city. Brennand Airport supports general aviation service. Earlier served by the Chicago & Northwestern , the Soo Line and the Milwaukee Road , Neenah today is on the Canadian National Railway's line from Chicago to International Falls . Winnebago County, Wisconsin Winnebago County
1829-483: The changes, The OMB issued the instruction to "mark one or more races" after noting evidence of increasing numbers of mixed-race children and wanting to record diversity in a measurable way after having received requests by people who wanted to be able to acknowledge theirs and their children's full ancestry, rather than identifying with only one group. Prior to this decision, the census and other government data collections asked people to report singular races. As of 2023,
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1888-466: The city was $ 45,773, and the median income for a family was $ 55,329. Males had a median income of $ 39,140 versus $ 25,666 for females. The per capita income for the city was $ 24,280. About 3.3% of families and 5.4% of the population were below the poverty line , including 6.4% of those under age 18 and 7.2% of those age 65 or over. Neenah hosts significant paper and steel industries. Some paper companies include Essity and Kimberly-Clark . Kimberly-Clark
1947-421: The city. Also headquartered here are Cobblestone Hotel Group , J. J. Keller & Associates, Miron Construction, Menasha Corporation. Theda Clark Hospital , NM Transfer, and Checker Logistics. Founded in 1959, Neenah's Bergstrom-Mahler Museum has a collection of glass art comprising over 3,000 pieces. It concentrates in historic paperweights and Germanic glasswork. Interstate 41 runs south to north through
2006-401: The city. The population density was 2,971.7 people per square mile (1,147.4 people/km). There were 10,198 housing units at an average density of 1,236.6 units per square mile (477.5 units/km). The racial makeup of the city was 96.08% White , 0.34% Black or African American , 0.55% Native American , 0.96% Asian , 0.86% from other races , and 1.20% from two or more races. 2.02% of
2065-558: The county was 86.2% White , 3.3% Asian , 3.0% Black or African American , 0.7% Native American , 1.8% from other races , and 5.1% from two or more races. Ethnically, the population was 4.8% Hispanic or Latino of any race. As of the census of 2000, there were 156,763 people, 61,157 households, and 39,568 families residing in the county. The population density was 357 people per square mile (138 people/km ). There were 64,721 housing units at an average density of 148 units per square mile (57 units/km ). The racial makeup of
2124-474: The county was 94.92% White , 1.12% Black or African American , 0.46% Native American , 1.84% Asian , 0.02% Pacific Islander , 0.72% from other races , and 0.92% from two or more races. 1.96% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. 52.4% were of German , 6.2% Irish and 5.7% Polish ancestry. 94.6% spoke English , 2.5% Spanish and 1.0% Hmong as their first language. There were 61,157 households, out of which 31.00% had children under
2183-657: The decision and make sure the federal government treated Hispanics as white. The State Department, the Census Bureau, the Labor Department, and other government agencies therefore made sure to uniformly classify people of Mexican descent as white. This policy encouraged the League of United Latin American Citizens in its quest to minimize discrimination by asserting their whiteness. The 1940 census
2242-536: The design of the population questionnaire. Residents were still listed individually, but a new questionnaire sheet was used for each family. Additionally, this was the first year that the census distinguished among different Asian ethnic groups, such as Japanese and Chinese , due to increased immigration. This census also marked the beginning of the term "race" in the questionnaires. Enumerators were instructed to write "White", "Black", "Mulatto", " Quadroon ", "Octoroon", "Chinese", "Japanese", or " Indian ". During 1900,
2301-456: The existence of most of this data can be confirmed in many secondary sources pertaining to the first census. Census data included the name of the head of the family and categorized inhabitants as: free white males at least 16 years of age (to assess the country's industrial and military potential), free white males under 16 years of age, free white females, all other free persons (reported by sex and color), and slaves . Thomas Jefferson , then
2360-520: The fetid or ill-smelling water', which may also refer to a sulfur spring. The county seat, Oshkosh, was incorporated as a city in 1853, when it already had a population of nearly 2,800. Chief Oshkosh was the namesake for the county seat. A leader of the Menominee in the region, he was successful in gaining authorization from the federal government for 2500 of his people to remain in Wisconsin, at
2419-487: The free inhabitants schedule about color was a column that was to be left blank if a person were white, marked "B" if a person were black, and marked "M" if a person were mulatto . Slaves were listed by owner, and classified by gender and age, not individually, and the question about color was a column that was to be marked with a "B" if the slave were black and an "M" if mulatto. For 1890, the Census Office changed
Neenah, Wisconsin - Misplaced Pages Continue
2478-486: The population was 4.8% Hispanic or Latino of any race. When grouping both Hispanic and non-Hispanic people together by race, the city was 88.0% White , 2.3% Asian , 1.8% Black or African American , 0.7% Native American , 0.1% Pacific Islander , 1.5% from other races , and 5.8% from two or more races. According to the American Community Survey estimates for 2016–2020, the median income for
2537-423: The population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. Thirty-five percent of the households had children under the age of 18 living with them, 53.8% were married couples living together, 9.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 33.1% were non-families. 27.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size
2596-618: The population who may not be receiving medical services under the Public Health Service Act ; evaluating whether financial institutions are meeting the credit needs of minority populations under the Community Reinvestment Act ). The 1790 United States census was the first census in the history of the United States. The population of the United States was recorded as 3,929,214 as of Census Day, August 2, 1790, as mandated by Article I, Section 2 of
2655-441: The population. There were 10,694 households, of which 32.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 47.6% were married couples living together, 10.5% had a female householder with no husband present, 4.6% had a male householder with no wife present, and 37.3% were non-families. 30.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size
2714-451: The race of interracial persons. A person with both white and black ancestry (termed "blood") was to be recorded as "Negro", no matter the fraction of that lineage (the " one-drop rule "). A person of mixed black and American Indian ancestry was also to be recorded as "Neg" (for "Negro") unless they were considered to be "predominantly" American Indian and accepted as such within the community. A person with both white and American Indian ancestry
2773-511: The racial question, and also removed Hindu and Korean from the race choices. The 1960 census re-added the word "color" to the racial question, and changed "Indian" to "American Indian", as well as adding Hawaiian, Part-Hawaiian, Aleut, and Eskimo. The "Other (print out race)" option was removed. This year's census included "Negro or Black", re-added Korean and the Other race option. East Indians (the term used at that time for people whose ancestry
2832-427: The term "color" was removed from the racial question, and the following questions were asked of a sample of respondents: Questions on Spanish or Hispanic Origin or Descent Is this person of Spanish/Hispanic origin or descent? No, not Spanish/Hispanic Yes, Mexican, Mexican American, Chicano Yes, Puerto Rican Yes, Cuban Yes, other Spanish/Hispanic The racial categories in this year are as they appear in
2891-784: The winning presidential candidate in every election since 1980, except in 1992 when it supported George Bush , and in 2020, when it supported Donald Trump . 44°04′N 88°38′W / 44.06°N 88.64°W / 44.06; -88.64 White (U.S. Census) In the United States census , the US Census Bureau and the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) define a set of self-identified categories of race and ethnicity chosen by residents, with which they most closely identify. Residents can indicate their origins alongside their race, and are asked specifically whether they are of Hispanic or Latino origin in
2950-429: Was 2.36 and the average family size was 2.96. The median age in the city was 37.1 years. 25% of residents were under the age of 18; 7.8% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 27.6% were from 25 to 44; 27% were from 45 to 64; and 12.7% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 48.9% male and 51.1% female. As of the census of 2000, there were 24,507 people, 9,834 households and 6,578 families living in
3009-407: Was 2.47 and the average family size was 3.03. In the city, the population was spread out, with 27.5% under the age of 18, 7.6% from 18 to 24, 32.0% from 25 to 44, 20.3% from 45 to 64, and 12.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35 years. For every 100 females, there were 94.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 91.8 males. The median income for a household in
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#17327811303783068-422: Was 35 years. For every 100 females there were 99.40 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 97.80 males. In 2017, there were 1,833 births, giving a general fertility rate of 56.5 births per 1000 women aged 15–44, the 15th lowest rate out of all 72 Wisconsin counties. Additionally, there were 123 reported induced abortions performed on women of Winnebago County residence in 2017. Winnebago County
3127-443: Was back, but in abbreviated form. It featured a question asking if the person was of full or mixed American Indian ancestry. President Franklin D. Roosevelt promoted a Good Neighbor policy that sought better relations with Mexico. In 1935, a federal judge ruled that three Mexican immigrants were ineligible for citizenship because they were not white, as required by federal law. Mexico protested, and Roosevelt decided to circumvent
3186-465: Was founded in Neenah and maintains significant operations there, though its headquarters moved to Irving, Texas in the 1980s. Manhole covers manufactured at Neenah Foundry can be found throughout the central and southern United States and parts of Europe. Neenah is the headquarters of Plexus, a developer and manufacturer of electronic products, which also has engineering and manufacturing operations in
3245-423: Was included. In the 1830 census, a new question, which stated, "The number of White persons who were foreigners not naturalized" was included. The 1850 census had a dramatic shift in the way information about residents was collected. For the first time, free persons were listed individually instead of by head of household. Two questionnaires were used - one for free inhabitants and one for slaves. The question on
3304-421: Was similar to 1910, but excluded a separate schedule for American Indians. "Hin", "Kor", and "Fil" were also added to the "Color or Race" question, signifying Hindu (Asian Indian), Korean, and Filipino, respectively. The biggest change in this census was in racial classification. Enumerators were instructed to no longer use the "Mulatto" classification. Instead, they were given special instructions for reporting
3363-538: Was similar to that of 1900, but it included a reinsertion of "Mulatto" and a question about the "mother tongue" of foreign-born individuals and individuals with foreign-born parents. "Ot" was also added to signify "other races", with space for a race to be written in. This decade's version of the Indian Population Schedule featured questions asking the individual's proportion of white, black, or American Indian lineage. The 1920 census questionnaire
3422-415: Was the first to include separate population and housing questionnaires. The race category of "Mexican" was eliminated in 1940, and the population of Mexican descent was counted with the white population. 1940 census data was used for Japanese American internment . The Census Bureau's role was denied for decades, but was finally proven in 2007. The 1950 census questionnaire removed the word "color" from
3481-410: Was to be recorded as American Indian, unless their Indigenous ancestry was small, and they were accepted as white within the community. In all situations in which a person had white and some other racial ancestry, they were to be reported as that other race. People who had minority interracial ancestry were to be reported as the race of their father. For the first and only time, "Mexican" was listed as
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