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68-620: The Universal was designed in 1963 by Joseph Kovács as a new primary trainer for the Brazilian Air Force , as a replacement for the T-6 Texan and Fokker S-11 / S-12 types then in use. The prototype (Registration PP-ZTW) first flew on 29 April 1966. The Brazilian Air Force ordered 150 aircraft as the T-25 Universal , and increased this order in 1978 by an additional 28 aircraft. A further developed version (designated

136-618: A PBY Catalina and a Lockheed Hudson , and an American PBM Mariner attacked the U-boat. The Catalina, named Ärará , was captained by 2nd Lt. Alberto M. Torres, and hit U-199 with depth charges , sinking her. Forty-nine of the crew were killed, although twelve Germans managed to escape, including the captain. This was possible due to the Catalina's crew, who threw a lifeboat to the survivors. "1st Fighter Group", which saw action in Italy,

204-734: A crash, of which he was killed. Ricardo Kirk was the first Brazilian Military Aviator. In 1891 he entered the Military Academy and was commissioned an ensign in November, 1893 and to first-lieutenant in March, 1898 and posthumously to captain in 1915. Although the two sides in struggle had few airplanes during the Constitutionalist Revolution of 1932, aviation made a big impact during the conflict. The federal government had approximately 58 aircraft divided between

272-520: A day. On 22 April 1945, the three remaining flights took off at 5-minute intervals, starting at 8:30 AM, to destroy bridges, barges, and motorized vehicles in the San Benedetto region. At 10:00 AM, a flight took off for an armed reconnaissance mission south of Mantua . They destroyed more than 80 tanks, trucks, and vehicles. By the end of the day, the group had flown 44 individual missions and destroyed hundreds of vehicles and barges. On this day

340-533: A gallon of gasoline in one of the wagons carrying the dismantled aircraft. The fire spread, much like the planes. After the crash, only the Morane-Saulnier remained in flying condition. In the conflict zone, he coordinated the construction of runways and hangars to be used in União da Vitória, Canoinhas and Rio Negro. Then, two Morane-Saulnier and special ammunition were brought from Rio de Janeiro, as well as

408-739: A group of 40 rebels from the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia ), which had seized a Brazilian military detachment. In October, 2002, the Brazilian Air Force used its A-1 AMX fighter bombers to destroy clandestine airstrips used by the narcotics traffickers in the interior of the Amazon rainforest near the border with Suriname. The operation also had support from the Brazilian Army and Brazilian Federal Police with many drug dealers being arrested as

476-619: A landing at Brasilia International Airport at 10:12 pm. On June 3, 1982, two F-5E Tiger II fighters from the 1st Fighter Aviation Group, based at the Santa Cruz Air Force Base - Rio de Janeiro, intercepted an Avro Vulcan Royal Air Force that had technical problems when returning from a mission during the Falklands War in the South Atlantic Ocean off the coast of Rio de Janeiro. The aircraft

544-602: A mechanic. The first aerial activity occurred only on January 4, 1915, when a training flight followed the course of the Iguaçú River to the Timbo River. The first official mission took place on January 19 and the duration of the flight was just over an hour. The following week, on February 25, 1915, a Morane-Saulnier had an accident. During a test flight in the vicinity of the field, the engine stopped and aircraft crashed with total loss, pilot survived. March 1, 1915

612-634: A much higher percentage of the total destruction wrought: After the war, the FAB began flying the British Gloster Meteor jet fighter . The jets were purchased from the British for 15,000 tons of crude cotton , as Brazil had no foreign currency reserves to spare. The jet was operated by the FAB until the mid-1960s, when it was replaced by the F-80C and TF-33A , which were later replaced by

680-480: A propaganda weapon, dropping leaflets on enemy cities and into rebel concentration camps. For the use of aerial means, General Góis Monteiro had in his Staff of two advisers, Captains Vasco Alves Secco and Carlos Pfaltzgraff Brazil. Major Eduardo Gomes , commander of the Joint Aviation Group, who since the outbreak of hostilities had coordinated the employment of his unit and the reinforcements of

748-588: A result. The AMX Bomber/Fighter was the primary plane used. On November 21, 2008, F-5E Tiger II fighter jets from the 1st Fighter Aviation Group based at the Santa Cruz Air Force Base intercepted a civilian cargo Douglas DC-8 from a private company in Ghana as it entered the Brazilian airspace, off the coast of Cabo Frio , littoral of Rio de Janeiro. The aircraft was escorted by the Brazilian F-5s to

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816-526: Is the air branch of the Brazilian Armed Forces and one of the three national uniformed services. The FAB was formed when the Army and Navy air branches were merged into a single military force initially called "National Air Forces" in 1941. Both air branches transferred their equipments, installations and personnel to the new force. According to Flight International ( Flightglobal.com ) and

884-910: The Chilean Army . These aircraft were later transferred to the Chilean Air Force . In 1983 five FACh T-25s were donated to the Paraguayan Air Force. In 2005, the Brazilian Air Force donated six T-25s to the Fuerza Aérea Paraguaya and another six to the Fuerza Aérea Boliviana. Data from Jane's All the World's Aircraft 1976–77 General characteristics Performance Armament Brazilian Air Force The Brazilian Air Force ( Portuguese : Força Aérea Brasileira , FAB )

952-781: The Cold War , the then Brazilian military government was aligned with the United States and NATO . This meant that the Northrop F-5 could be bought cheaply from the United States, which called this jet the "Freedom Fighter". Many other countries, such as Mexico , also benefited from this policy. But Brazil did not buy the F-5A Freedom Fighter, instead buying the F-5 Tiger II years later. In

1020-601: The Galeão Air Force Base . On 3 June 2009, two Brazilian Air Force A-29 Super Tucanos , guided by an Embraer R-99 , intercepted a Cessna U206G engaged in drug trafficking activities. Inbound from Bolivia, the Cessna was intercepted in the region of Alta Floresta d'Oeste , and after exhausting all procedures, one of the Super Tucanos fired a warning shot from its 12.7 mm machine guns, after which

1088-679: The International Institute for Strategic Studies , the Brazilian Air Force has an active strength of 80,937 military personnel and operates around 715 aircraft. The Brazilian Air Force is the largest air force in the Southern Hemisphere and the second largest in the Americas after the United States Air Force . The Contestado War was the first conflict in which Brazilian military aviation

1156-547: The MB-326 , Mirage III and Northrop F-5 jets. During events involving the Lobster War, between 1961 and 1964, the Brazilian Air Force played an important role in monitoring and patrolling the large area of litigation with France, making its B-17 squadrons available for observation and photo-reconnaissance of French vessels close to Brazilian coast, in addition to using its most modern anti-submarine warfare means, such as

1224-666: The Olympic Games Rio 2016 , there will be over 15,000 military and 80 aircraft involved in the Olympics. To defense missions and aerial patrol 32 fighters ( Northrop F-5M and A-29 Super Tucano ), for aerial warning missions 2 radar aircraft ( Embraer R-99 ), surveillance missions 3 Unmanned aircraft ( Hermes 450 and Hermes 900 ), for maritime patrol missions 1 ( P-3 Orion ), for logistical support missions ( Boeing C-767 , C-130 and C-295 ), 15 helicopters ( Mil Mi-35 , UH-60 Black Hawk and EC-725 ). Between 2004 and 2017,

1292-519: The S-2 Tracker and P-2V Neptune . Having been given authority over all national military aircraft since 1941, from her commissioning in 1961 to 1999 the Brazilian Air Force flew the S-2 Trackers of the aircraft carrier Minas Gerais while from 1965 naval aviation flew its own helicopters. Now naval aviation is also authorized to fly its own fixed wing carrier based aircraft. During

1360-576: The U.S. Fifth Army started its offensive along the Po Valley . By then, the strength of the Group had fallen to 25 pilots, some having been killed and others shot down and captured. Some others had been relieved from operations on medical grounds due to combat fatigue . The Group disbanded the Yellow flight and distributed the surviving pilots among the other flights. Each pilot flew on average two missions

1428-577: The YT-25B Universal II ) first flew on 22 October 1978, but was not put into production. The Universal was also adopted as a counter-insurgency aircraft. It was later replaced by the Tucano in both the advanced training and attack roles, but it is still used as a primary and basic trainer at the Academia da Força Aérea Brasileira (Brazilian Air Force Academy). Ten aircraft were ordered by

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1496-603: The 1st Division was placed there just in time to block the Paulista advance. In the Paraíba, Góis Monteiro created the East Detachment, reaching some 34,000 men, against some 20,000 Paulistas , but after 3 months of trench warfare and despite advancing some 70 km, the government forces were still some 150 km from the capital São Paulo when the war ended. In the south of São Paulo, government forces created

1564-675: The Air" ( "Uma premente necessidade: o Ministério do Ar" ). Two years later the French Military Mission, working for the Brazilian Army, made the first steps to organize a national air arm. The idea got more support when a group of Brazilian airmen came from Italy in 1934 and explained the advantages of having a military aviation unified. Also, the Spanish Revolution and the first movements of World War II at

1632-803: The Allied war effort in World War II , especially as part of the Brazilian Expeditionary Force on the Italian front . From mid-1942 until the end of the war, the FAB also patrolled the Atlantic. On 31 July 1943 it claimed the German submarine U-199 , which was located on the surface, off Rio de Janeiro , at 23°54′S 42°54′W  /  23.900°S 42.900°W  / -23.900; -42.900 . Two Brazilian aircraft,

1700-514: The Brazilian Air Force showed its ability to guarantee Brazilian sovereignty. In the midst of the Falklands War , on a rainy Good Friday night, the radar system detected a lyushin II-62M , registration number CU-T1225, Soviet-made and belonging to Cubana, a Cuban state company about 300 km away from Brasilia. Two F-103E Mirage III fighters from the 1st Air Defense Group (1st GDA), based at Anápolis Air Base, took off at around 9:00 pm to carry out

1768-985: The Constitutionalist Aviation Group. The establishment of the United Kingdom 's Royal Air Force in April 1918, and the creation of the Italian Air Force ( Regia Aeronautica ) and the French Air Force during the 1920s drove the idea of uniting Brazilian air power under the same organization. Together with these events the Brazilian strategists were also influenced by the theories of Giulio Douhet , Billy Mitchell and Hugh Montague Trenchard . The first public manifest to create an integrated military air service came up in 1928 when an army Major called Lysias Rodrigues wrote an article called "An urgent need: The Ministry of

1836-630: The FAB worked on the United Nations Stabilization Mission in Haiti (MINUSTAH) supporting the United Nations force (a joint Brazilian, Uruguayan , Chilean and Argentine force) deployed there. In November 2017, while searching for the missing Argentine Submarine ARA San Juan , the Brazilian Air Force sent a C-295M search and rescue aircraft and a P-3AM Orion anti-submarine warfare aircraft to assist in

1904-515: The FAB. Working with Italian corporations, it developed the new AMX attack aircraft (known locally as the A-1) which makes up the backbone of the FAB's attack force. The successful Tucano T-27 trainer and the new A-29 light attack aircraft are also Embraer types used extensively by the FAB. During Operation Traira , in February 1991, six AT-27 Tucanos were used for close air support against

1972-567: The MMDC militias. In all, there were some 11,000–15,000 men at the beginning of the conflict, later joined by thousands of volunteers. In fact, according to authors such as Hilton, São Paulo equipped some 40 battalions of volunteers, but García de Gabiola states that he had identified up to 80 of them, of some 300 men each. At the end, taking into account that in the São Paulo state armory's there were only between 15,000 and 29,000 rifles depending on

2040-775: The Military Aviation School, was designated, on September 16, Commander of the Air Units of the Army Detachment of the East. On September 6, Major Ajalmar Vieira Mascarenhas was appointed Commander of the Air Units of the Detachment of the Southern Army. The Navy's aircraft were under the direct operational control of the naval authorities, operating in support of the surface ships deployed near

2108-646: The Navy and the Army. On the other hand, the Paulistas had only two Potez 25 and two Waco planes, in addition to a small number of tourist planes. At the end of July, the rebel government obtained another plane, brought by Lieutenant Artur Mota Lima, who defected from Campo dos Afonsos, Rio de Janeiro . The "reds", as the federal government planes were known, not only acted on the lines of combat, but also were used to bombard several cities of São Paulo, among them Campinas, where they caused great damage. They also served as

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2176-1122: The Operation Agata 4, the Brazilian Air Force used two A-29 Super Tucano to destroy a clandestine runway used by drug traffickers within the Amazon rainforest. In 2011–2013, Operation Agatha marks the start of a new decade of the twenty-first century with the consolidation of the Amazon Surveillance System (SIVAM), an intricate network of radars, meteorological sensors, digital satellite communications, and advanced air-traffic-control software, among other technological advances available to Brazilian Military personnel. The Brazilian Air Force (FAB), which deployed new tactics and methods of fighting using RQ-450 remote-controlled aircraft . Operating in conjunction with sophisticated E-99 Guardian planes , they will locate objectives for A-29 Super Tucano fighters flying in darkness. Northrop F-5EM fighters, responsible for providing air superiority. In July 2016, Defense Aerospace Brazilian command displays participation of Brazilian Air Force at

2244-522: The South Detachment, made of the federal 3rd and 5th divisions, 3 cavalry divisions and the gaucho brigade of Rio Grande do Sul reaching 18,000 men against just 3-5,000 Paulistas depending on the date. The federal forces broke through the rebel defensive line in Itararé on July 17, producing the largest advance in the war, but they were still very far from São Paulo when the war ended. Finally,

2312-567: The US to convert to the Republic P-47D Thunderbolt . On September 19, 1944, the 1º GAVCA left for Italy, arriving at Livorno on October 6. It became part of the 350th Fighter Group of the USAAF , which in turn was part of the 62nd Fighter Wing , XXII Tactical Air Command , of the 12th Air Force . The Brazilian pilots initially flew from 31 October 1944, as individual elements of flights attached to 350th FG squadrons, at first in affiliation flights and progressively taking part in more dangerous missions. Less than two weeks later, on November 11,

2380-428: The aircraft followed the Super Tucanos to Cacoal airport. In 2010, the FAB worked on the Search & Rescue mission of Air France Flight 447 . The Brazilian Air Force has started a search and rescue from the Brazilian archipelago of Fernando de Noronha, sending eight planes to search a stretch bounded by the coastal cities of Recife , Natal and the archipelago of Fernando de Noronha. On March 12, 2012, during

2448-410: The autonomy that states enjoyed during the term of the 1891 Constitution and preventing the inauguration of the governor of São Paulo, Júlio Prestes , who had been elected president of Brazil in 1930 , while simultaneously overthrowing President Washington Luís , who was governor of São Paulo from 1920 to 1924. These events marked the end of the First Brazilian Republic . The Revolution's main goal

2516-470: The border between the states of Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo. According to Hilton, General Tasso Fragoso , the chief of staff of the Brazilian Army, tried to oppose the deployment of the 1st Division in the valley, believing they were friendly to the rebels, but according to García de Gabiola he was likely just trying to protect the government based in Rio de Janeiro in case of a similar revolt happening there. In any case, Monteiro finally overruled Fragoso and

2584-579: The city of Colares , Pará State. The objects observed in the military records received the nickname of luminous bodies and were associated with phenomena reported by residents and authorities, reported by the local press, which reported alleged attacks on the civilian population. The operation was terminated after 4 months, and other related missions were carried out during 1978 by the National Intelligence Service . The Operation's documentary collection comprises hundreds of pages of documents, such as reports, photographic images and footage. On April 9, 1982,

2652-411: The conflict zone between Hamas and Israel. Constitutionalist Revolution Loyalist victory Constitutionalists [REDACTED]   São Paulo [REDACTED]   Maracaju Loyalists [REDACTED]   Brazil The Constitutionalist Revolution of 1932 (sometimes also referred to as Paulista War or Brazilian Civil War ) is the name given to the uprising of

2720-487: The cruiser Rio Grande do Sul , escorted by two destroyers, Pará and Sergipe . To support the mission, the Naval Aviation sent three Savoia-Marchetti S.55 A (numbers 1, 4 and 8) and two Martin PM (numbers 111 and 112) planes. These five planes left Galeão on July 12. All were temporarily based at the caves of the Island of São Sebastião , near the village of Vila Bela (current Ilhabela ). The Navy also intended to send some Vought O2U-2A Corsairs to Vila Bela, but

2788-409: The decisive front was the Minas Gerais Front, which was only active after August 2. The 4th Federal Division, based in Minas Gerais,together with the Police of Minas Gerais and other states' troops, broke through the rebel defensive line in Eleutério (a district of Itapira ) on August 26, advancing some 50 km towards Campinas , adding 18,000 soldiers against some 7,000 Paulistas . The 4th Division

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2856-419: The detection of radar echoes at radial 270 of its VOR, prompting the air base to also be put on alert. During the events of that night, 2 Northrop F-5 and 3 Dassault Mirage III fighters were activated in an attempt to intercept dozens of UFOs over the four Brazilian states. The Minister of the Air Force, Brigadier Lt. of the Air Octávio Júlio Moreira Lima granted a press conference on the 23rd of May along with

2924-400: The end of the thirties showed the importance of Air power for military strategies. One of the main supporters of the plan to create an independent air arm was the then-president Getúlio Vargas . He organized a study group early in 1940 and the whole structure of the Ministry of Aeronautics ( Ministério da Aeronáutica ) was established the end of that year. This new governmental agency

2992-413: The fighter pilots, confirming the events of the 19th and stating, "It's not about believing or not [in aliens]. We can only give out technical information . There are several hypotheses. Technically, I'd tell you gentlemen that we have no explanation." The Embraer ( Empresa Brasileira de Aeronáutica , Brazilian Aeronautic Co.) company has its origins as an enterprise directly managed and sponsored by

3060-437: The front (they were kept to protect the rearguards and for security purposes in the other states), their numerical superiority was of some 2 to 1. The main front was initially the eastern Paraíba Valley that led to Rio de Janeiro , then the capital of Brazil. The 2nd Division revolted and advanced against Rio de Janeiro, but was stopped dead by the loyal 1st Division based there under the command of General Góis Monteiro , on

3128-460: The group flew the most sorties of the war; consequently, Brazil commemorates April 22 Brazilian Fighter Arm Day. In all, the 1 GAVCA flew a total of 445 missions, 2,550 individual sorties, and 5,465 combat flight hours, from 11 November 1944 to 6 May 1945. The XXII Tactical Air Command acknowledged the efficiency of the Group by noting that although it flew only 5% of the total of missions carried out by all squadrons under its control, it accomplished

3196-420: The group started its own operations flying from its base at Tarquinia , using its tactical callsign Jambock . Brazilian Air Force stars replaced the white U.S. star in the roundel on the FAB Thunderbolts. The 1 GAVCA started its fighting career as a fighter-bomber unit, its missions being armed reconnaissance and interdiction , in support of the US Fifth Army, to which the FEB was attached. On April 16, 1945,

3264-504: The international search effort. In January 2021, in the middle of the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic , the Brazilian city of Manaus , located in the interior of the amazon rainforest, was left with an overburdened medical service needing medical supplies and transferring patients, a major operation was set up by Brazilian air force, mobilizing all its available transport aviation, aircraft C-130 , KC-390 , C-97 Brasilia , C-95M Bandeirantes , CASA C-105 and C-99 were deployed for

3332-426: The largest aeromedical evacuation operation in Brazilian aviation military history. In October 2023, during the Israel-Hamas war , the Brazilian Air Force together with the Brazilian government mounted its largest repatriation operation of nationals in a conflict zone in history, employing 6 aircraft (2 Airbus A330 MRTT , 2 Embraer C-390 Millennium and 2 Embraer Lineage 1000 ) to rescue more than 2,700 people from

3400-438: The middle of the Cold War , between 1970 and 1974, the Brazilian Air Force used its attack aircraft to bomb camps of internal Maoist guerrilla groups in the regions of the Vale do Ribeira and in the Araguaia River , attacking targets inside the jungles, using NA T-6 attack planes and B-26 Invader bombers armed with napalm . In 1977 the Brazilian Air Force conducted Operation Saucer regarding alleged UFO sightings in

3468-432: The mission to protect Brazilian airspace. Under the guidance of the ground control, the two F-103Es positioned themselves next to the Cuban invader. It was then that, from the Military Operations Center, Major José Orlando Bellon said on the radio, in English: “You were intercepted. There are two combat aircraft at your side. The order is to land in Brasilia immediately ”. Under the surveillance of Brazilian fighters, they made

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3536-440: The political spectrum, Vargas closed the National Congress and enacted another Constitution , which established the so-called Estado Novo after a coup d'état . July 9 marks the beginning of the Revolution of 1932, and is a holiday and the most important civic date of the state of São Paulo. The Paulistas (as the inhabitants of São Paulo are known) consider the Revolution of 1932 as the greatest movement of its civic history. It

3604-408: The politicians from São Paulo expected a quick war. However, the expected support did not materialize, and São Paulo's revolt was overwhelmed by force on October 2, 1932. In total, there were 87 days of fighting (July 9 to October 4, 1932—with the last two days after the surrender of São Paulo), with a total of 934 official deaths, though non-official estimates report up to 2,200 dead, and many cities in

3672-474: The population of the Brazilian state of São Paulo against the Brazilian Revolution of 1930 when Getúlio Vargas assumed the nation's presidency; Vargas was supported by the people, the military and the political elites of Minas Gerais , Rio Grande do Sul and Paraíba . The movement grew out of local resentment from the fact that Vargas ruled by decree, unbound by a Constitution, in a provisional government. The 1930 Revolution also affected São Paulo by eroding

3740-458: The port of Santos, to effect a naval blockade and also in support of the Naval Flotilla of Mato Grosso, based in Ladário. They also participated in operations with Military Aviation in the Paraíba Valley and on the southern front, in escort and observation missions. The Air Force of São Paulo was under the overall command of Major Ivo Borges, Commander of the Aviation Units of the Constitutionalist Aviation, and Major Lysias A. Rodrigues, Commander of

3808-508: The secession of São Paulo from the Brazilian federation. However, it is noted that the separatist scenario was used as a guerrilla tactic by the Federal Government to turn the population in the rest of the country against the state of São Paulo, broadcasting the alleged separatist threat throughout the country. There is no evidence that the movement's commanders sought separatism. The uprising began on July 9, 1932, after four protesting students were killed by government troops on May 23, 1932. On

3876-429: The source, the Paulistas were never able to arm more than 35,000 men maximum. Additionally, the Paulistas had only 6 million cartridges, failing their attempts to acquire some additional 500 million, so, for an army of some 30,000 men fighting for 3 months, it represented a mere 4.4 cartridges a day per soldier. Brazil equipped approximately 100,000 men, but taking into account that a third of this amount never went to

3944-401: The state of São Paulo suffered damage. In spite of its military defeat, some of the movement's main demands were granted by Vargas afterwards: the appointment of a non-military state governor, the election of a Constituent Assembly, and the enactment of a new Constitution in 1934. However, the new Constitution was short-lived, as in 1937, amidst growing extremism on the left and right wings of

4012-447: The wake of their deaths, a movement called MMDC started, named from the initials of the names of each of the four students killed: Martins, Miragaia, Dráusio and Camargo. A fifth victim, Alvarenga, was also shot that night, but died months later. In a few months, the state of São Paulo rebelled against the federal government. Counting on the support of the political elites of two other powerful states, Minas Gerais and Rio Grande do Sul,

4080-415: Was Alberto M. Torres, who had piloted a PBY Catalina that had sunk U-199 , operating off the Brazilian coast. The group trained for combat in Panama , where 2º Ten.-Av. (Aviation Second Lieutenant) Dante Isidoro Gastaldoni was killed in a training accident. On May 11, 1944, the group was declared operational and became active in the air defense of the Panama Canal Zone. On June 22, the 1º GAVCA traveled to

4148-419: Was employed. On September 19, 1914, taking advantage of a special train driving troops, three aircraft were boarded: a Morane-Saulnier biplane, a Morane-Saulnier monoplane and a Blitzer SIT biplane. The train continued from Rio de Janeiro passing through São Paulo where it would reach the São Paulo – Rio Grande railway to the station of União da Vitória. Along the way, sparks shot through the locomotive, hitting

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4216-431: Was formed on December 18, 1943. Its commanding officer was Aviation Lt.Col. Nero Moura. The group had 350 men, including 43 pilots. The group was divided into four flights: Red ("A"), Yellow ("B"), Blue ("C"), and Green ("D"). The CO of the group and some officers were not attached to any specific flight. Unlike the BEF's Army component, the 1º GAVCA had personnel who were experienced Brazilian Air Force pilots. One of them

4284-427: Was only 70 km from São Paulo. The Paulistas surrendered in October 2 to General Valdomiro Lima, uncle of Vargas' wife, Darci Vargas . In the naval theater, the Brazilian Navy had designated a naval task force to blockade São Paulo's main port, the Port of Santos , aiming to cut the rebels' only supply line by sea. On July 10 the destroyer Mato Grosso left the port of Rio de Janeiro . The following day,

4352-585: Was responsible for the all aspects of the civil and military aviation including infrastructure, regulation and organization. Formally, the Ministry of Aeronautics was founded on January 20, 1941, and so its military branch called "National Air Forces", changed to "Brazilian Air Force" ( Força Aérea Brasileira – FAB ) on May, 22. The Army ( Aviação Militar ) and Navy ( Aviação Naval ) air branches were extinguished and all personnel, aircraft, installations and other related equipment were transferred to FAB. The Brazilian Air force made important contributions to

4420-424: Was temporarily detained in Brazil. On May 19, 1986, a series of radar and visual contacts with unidentified flying objects (UFOs) took place across the Brazilian states of São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Minas Gerais and Goiás, the Santa Cruz Air Force Base was put on alert due to the presence of several unidentified radar plots around São José dos Campos. Around half an hour later, Anápolis Air Force Base reports

4488-425: Was the first major revolt against the government of Getúlio Vargas. According to García de Gabiola, when the revolution began the Paulistas only swayed one of the 8 divisions of the Brazilian Army (the 2nd Division, based in São Paulo), and half of the Mixed Brigade based in the southern part of Mato Grosso . These forces were reinforced by the Força Pública Paulista (the military police of São Paulo state), and

4556-418: Was the scheduled date for a heavy attack on the rebels. The mission was to fly over the Valley of Santa Maria, to launch bombs on the rebels' stronghold, and to observe and direct the shots of the artillery and the advance of the infantry. Two Morane-Saulnier aircraft took off, but the attack was canceled due to adverse weather conditions, for the aircraft piloted by then lieutenant-aviator Ricardo Kirk suffered

4624-402: Was to press the provisional government headed by Getúlio Vargas to adopt and then abide by a new Constitution, since Júlio Prestes was kept from taking office. However, as the movement developed and resentment against Vargas and his revolutionary government grew deeper, it came to advocate the overthrow of the Federal Government, and it was even speculated that one of the Revolutionaries' goals was

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