109-570: Nelson Smock Riddle Jr. (June 1, 1921 – October 6, 1985) was an American arranger , composer , bandleader and orchestrator whose career stretched from the late 1940s to the mid-1980s. He worked with many vocalists at Capitol Records , including Frank Sinatra , Ella Fitzgerald , Nat King Cole , Judy Garland , Dean Martin , Peggy Lee , Johnny Mathis , Rosemary Clooney and Keely Smith . He scored and arranged music for many films and television shows, earning an Academy Award and three Grammy Awards . He found commercial and critical success with
218-450: A chamber ensemble . A chamber ensemble made up entirely of strings of the violin family is referred to by its size. A string trio consists of three players, a string quartet four, a string quintet five, and so on. In most circumstances the string section is treated by the arranger as one homogeneous unit and its members are required to play preconceived material rather than improvise . A string section can be utilized on its own (this
327-406: A #2 hit, " Again ", backed by Riddle. In 1950, Riddle was hired by composer Les Baxter to write arrangements for a recording session with Nat King Cole ; this was one of Riddle's first associations with Capitol Records . Although one of the songs Riddle had arranged, " Mona Lisa ," soon became the biggest selling single of Cole's career, the work was credited to Baxter. However, once Cole learned
436-548: A 30-minute syndicated program. In 1962, Riddle orchestrated two albums for Ella Fitzgerald , Ella Swings Brightly with Nelson and Ella Swings Gently with Nelson , their first work together since 1959's Ella Fitzgerald Sings the George and Ira Gershwin Song Book . The mid-1960s would also see Fitzgerald and Riddle collaborate on the last of Ella's Songbook s, devoted to the songs of Jerome Kern ( Ella Fitzgerald Sings
545-522: A codefendant, describing her as an "unwilling, involuntary plaintiff whose consent cannot be obtained." Rosenthal claimed that much of the money that Day had lost was the result of the unwise advice of other attorneys who had suggested that she sell three hotels at a loss, as well as some oil leases in Kentucky and Ohio . He claimed that he had made the investments under a long-term plan and did not intend to sell them until they appreciated in value. Two of
654-530: A film actress with a series of romantic comedies beginning with Pillow Talk (1959), costarring Rock Hudson , who became a lifelong friend, and Tony Randall . Day received a nomination for an Academy Award for Best Actress , her only career Oscar nomination. Day, Hudson and Randall appeared in two more films together, Lover Come Back (1961) and Send Me No Flowers (1964). Along with David Niven and Janis Paige , Day starred in Please Don't Eat
763-881: A fully orchestrated concerto -type movement is so successful that it is unlikely that anyone hearing the latter for the first time would suspect the existence of the former". In particular, music written for the piano has frequently undergone this treatment, as it has been arranged for orchestra, chamber ensemble, or concert band . Beethoven made an arrangement of his Piano Sonata No. 9 for string quartet . Conversely, he also arranged his Grosse Fuge (one of his late string quartets ) for piano duet . The American composer George Gershwin , due to his own lack of expertise in orchestration, had his Rhapsody in Blue arranged and orchestrated by Ferde Grofé . Erik Satie wrote his three Gymnopédies for solo piano in 1888. Eight years later, Debussy arranged two of them, exploiting
872-550: A musical-comedy actress, Day began to accept more dramatic roles in order to broaden her range. Her dramatic star turn as singer Ruth Etting in Love Me or Leave Me (1955), with top billing above James Cagney , received critical and commercial success, becoming Day's greatest film success to that point. Cagney said that she had "the ability to project the simple, direct statement of a simple, direct idea without cluttering it," comparing her performance to that of Laurette Taylor in
981-654: A new generation in the 1980s, in a trio of Platinum albums with Linda Ronstadt . Riddle was born in Oradell, New Jersey , the only surviving child of Marie Albertine Riddle (a native of Mulhouse , France, whose father was Spanish) and Nelson Smock Riddle, who was of English-Irish and Dutch descent. His mother had suffered six miscarriages and one stillbirth in her lifetime. It was his mother's second marriage. The family later moved to nearby Ridgewood . Following his father's interest in music, he began taking piano lessons at age eight and trombone lessons at age fourteen. He
1090-439: A number of large-ensemble arrangements in the late 1950s and early 1960s intended for recording sessions only. Other arrangers of note include Vic Schoen , Pete Rugolo , Oliver Nelson , Johnny Richards , Billy May , Thad Jones , Maria Schneider , Bob Brookmeyer , Lou Marini , Nelson Riddle , Ralph Burns , Billy Byers , Gordon Jenkins , Ray Conniff , Henry Mancini , Ray Reach , Vince Mendoza , and Claus Ogerman . In
1199-437: A part of Fletcher Henderson 's orchestra in the 1920s. Redman's arrangements introduced a more intricate melodic presentation and soli performances for various sections of the big band. Benny Carter became Henderson's primary arranger in the early 1930s, becoming known for his arranging abilities in addition to his previous recognition as a performer. Beginning in 1938, Billy Strayhorn became an arranger of great renown for
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#17327985533991308-408: A piano introduction that conveys "unflagging energy" from the start. The arrangement of this song by Hector Berlioz uses strings to convey faithfully the driving urgency and threatening atmosphere of the original. Berlioz adds colour in bars 6–8 through the addition of woodwind , horns , and a timpani . With typical flamboyance, Berlioz adds spice to the harmony in bar 6 with an E flat in
1417-464: A professional musician; "... I wanted to be a jazz trombone player, but I didn't have the coordination." So he began to turn to composing and arranging. The Riddle family had a summer house in Rumson, New Jersey . Riddle enjoyed Rumson so much that he convinced his parents to allow him to attend his senior year in high school there (1938). In Rumson while playing for trumpeter Charlie Briggs' band,
1526-586: A result of cirrhosis , with which he had been diagnosed five years earlier. His cremated remains are inurned at Hollywood Forever Cemetery in Hollywood, California in the Hall of David Mausoleum. Following Riddle's death, his last three arrangements for Linda Ronstadt's For Sentimental Reasons album were conducted by Terry Woodson; the album was released in 1986. In February 1986, Riddle's youngest son Christopher, himself an accomplished bass trombonist, assumed
1635-530: A rule two stringed instruments together create a slight 'beat' which does not give a smooth sound." Different music directors may use different numbers of string players and different balances between the sections to create different musical effects. While any combination and number of string instruments is possible in a section, a traditional string section sound is achieved with a violin-heavy balance of instruments. Doris Day Doris Day (born Doris Mary Anne Kappelhoff ; April 3, 1922 – May 13, 2019)
1744-499: A settlement was reached in 1979. Day also learned to her displeasure that Melcher had committed her to a television series that became The Doris Day Show . It was awful. I was really, really not very well when Marty [Melcher] passed away, and the thought of going into TV was overpowering. But he'd signed me up for a series. And then my son Terry [Melcher] took me walking in Beverly Hills and explained that it wasn't nearly
1853-466: A singer in three Soundies with the Les Brown band. While working with Brown, Day recorded her first hit recording, " Sentimental Journey ", released in early 1945. It soon became an anthem for World War II servicemen. The song continues to be associated with Day, and she rerecorded it on several occasions, including a version for her 1971 television special. During 1945–46, Day (as vocalist with
1962-452: A small jolt to the rhythm of the opening bar, reinforcing the bare octaves of the strings by playing on the second main beat. Unlike Berlioz, Liszt does not alter the harmony, but changes the emphasis somewhat in bar 6, with the note A in the oboes and clarinets grating against rather than blending with the G in the strings. "Schubert has come in for his fair share of transcriptions and arrangements. Most, like Liszt's transcriptions of
2071-481: A successful five-year run, although it may be best remembered for its abrupt season-to-season changes in casting and premise. After the end of the television show's run in 1973, Day largely retired from acting but completed two television specials, The Doris Mary Anne Kappelhoff Special (1971) and Doris Day Today (1975), and she was a guest on various shows in the 1970s. In the 1985–86 season, Day hosted her own television talk show, Doris Day's Best Friends , on
2180-410: A typical ear for clarity and transparency in rewriting for an ensemble. Below is the original piano version of the closing bars of the second song, "Gieng heit' Morgen über's Feld". The orchestration shows Mahler's attention to detail in bringing out differentiated orchestral colours supplied by woodwind, strings and horn. He uses a harp to convey the original arpeggios supplied by the left hand of
2289-558: Is a musical adaptation of an existing composition . Differences from the original composition may include reharmonization , melodic paraphrasing , orchestration , or formal development. Arranging differs from orchestration in that the latter process is limited to the assignment of notes to instruments for performance by an orchestra , concert band , or other musical ensemble . Arranging "involves adding compositional techniques, such as new thematic material for introductions , transitions , or modulations , and endings . Arranging
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#17327985533992398-408: Is also a stringed instrument, but is not a member of nor homogeneous with the violin family, and is not considered part of the string choir. Samuel Adler classifies the harp as a plucked string instrument in the same category as the guitar ( acoustic or electric ), mandolin , banjo , or zither . Like the harp, these instruments do not belong to the violin family and are not homogeneous with
2507-599: Is less common due to the expense involved. Popular music arrangements may also be considered to include new releases of existing songs with a new musical treatment. These changes can include alterations to tempo , meter , key , instrumentation , and other musical elements. Well known examples include Joe Cocker 's version of the Beatles ' " With a Little Help from My Friends ", Cream 's " Crossroads ", and Ike and Tina Turner 's version of Creedence Clearwater Revival 's " Proud Mary ". The American group Vanilla Fudge and
2616-474: Is referred to as a string orchestra) or in conjunction with any of the other instrumental sections. More than one string orchestra can be utilized. A standard string section (vln., vln 2., vla., vcl, cb.) with each section playing unison allows the arranger to create a five-part texture. Often an arranger will divide each violin section in half or thirds to achieve a denser texture. It is possible to carry this division to its logical extreme in which each member of
2725-429: Is the art of giving an existing melody musical variety". In jazz , a memorized (unwritten) arrangement of a new or pre-existing composition is known as a head arrangement . Arrangement and transcriptions of classical and serious music go back to the early history of classical music . J. S. Bach frequently made arrangements of his own and other composers' pieces. One example is the arrangement that he made of
2834-537: Is the first album by a rock singer to have major commercial success in rehabilitating the Great American Songbook. Riddle's third and final Grammy was awarded posthumously—and accepted on his behalf by Linda Ronstadt just prior to airtime—in early 1986. Ronstadt subsequently presented the evening's first on-air award, at which time she narrated a tribute to the departed maestro. Riddle married his first wife, Doreen Moran, on October 10, 1945, while in
2943-566: The 101 Strings Orchestra . Produced by Jack Dorsey, it was released on Marble Arch Records . Biographer Peter J. Levinson offered a sober assessment of the project, arguing that Riddle was "out of his depth" with the fusion of contemporary and classical instrumentation. The album went through several re-issues on the Alshire label (including Nelson Riddle Arranges and Conducts 101 Strings (1970); Bridge Over Troubled Water (1971); and Swingin' Songs (1972), minus "Bridge Over Troubled Water") and
3052-565: The Christian Broadcasting Network (CBN). The network canceled the show after 26 episodes despite the worldwide publicity that it had received. One episode featured Rock Hudson , who was showing the first public symptoms of AIDS , including severe weight loss and fatigue. He died from the disease later that year. Day later said, "He was very sick. But I just brushed that off and I came out and put my arms around him and said, 'Am I glad to see you'." In October 1985,
3161-567: The Cincinnati Pops released a Nelson Riddle tribute album on Telarc Records titled Route 66: That Nelson Riddle Sound . The album showcased expanded orchestral adaptations of the original arrangements provided by the Nelson Riddle Archives, and was presented in a state-of-the-art digital recording that was among the first titles to be released on multi-channel SACD . Arrangement In music , an arrangement
3270-516: The Duke Ellington orchestra. Jelly Roll Morton is sometimes considered the earliest jazz arranger. While he toured around the years 1912 to 1915, he wrote down parts to enable " pickup bands " to perform his compositions. Big-band arrangements are informally called charts . In the swing era they were usually either arrangements of popular songs or they were entirely new compositions. Duke Ellington's and Billy Strayhorn 's arrangements for
3379-460: The Lieder or Berlioz's orchestration for Erlkönig , tell us more about the arranger that about the original composer, but they can be diverting so long as they are in no way a replacement for the original". Gustav Mahler 's Lieder eines fahrenden Gesellen ("Songs of a Wayfarer") were originally written for voice with piano accompaniment. The composer's later arrangement of the piano part shows
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3488-550: The Los Angeles Film Critics Association presented Day with a Lifetime Achievement Award. In April 2014, Day made an unexpected public appearance to attend the annual Doris Day Animal Foundation benefit. Clint Eastwood offered Day a role in a film that he was planning to direct in 2015, but she eventually declined. Day granted ABC a telephone interview on her birthday in 2016 that was accompanied by photos of her life and career. During
3597-585: The Supreme Court of California rejected Rosenthal's appeal of the multimillion-dollar judgment awarded to Day in her suit against him for legal malpractice and upheld the conclusions of a trial court and an appeals court that Rosenthal had acted improperly. In April 1986, the U.S. Supreme Court refused to review the lower court's judgment. In June 1987, Rosenthal filed a $ 30 million lawsuit against lawyers who he claimed had cheated him out of millions of dollars in real-estate investments. He named Day as
3706-562: The Vogue Records label. During the 1970s, Riddle's film and television efforts included the score for the 1974 version of The Great Gatsby , which earned him his first Academy Award , after some five nominations. In 1973, he served as musical director for the Emmy Award -winning The Julie Andrews Hour . He wrote the theme songs for the 1972 television series Emergency! and the 1975 television series Caribe , and scored
3815-616: The 1950s and 1960s. Her film career began with Romance on the High Seas (1948). She starred in films of many genres, including musicals, comedies, dramas and thrillers. She played the title role in Calamity Jane (1953) and starred in Alfred Hitchcock 's The Man Who Knew Too Much (1956) with James Stewart . She costarred with Rock Hudson in three successful comedies including Pillow Talk (1959), for which she
3924-483: The 1960s included his hit theme song and incidental music for Route 66 , The Untouchables and The Rogues . His film work in the '60s included the scores for the Rat Pack motion pictures Robin and the 7 Hoods and the original Ocean's 11 . In 1969, he arranged and conducted the music to the film Paint Your Wagon , which starred a trio of non-singers, Lee Marvin , Clint Eastwood and Jean Seberg . In
4033-632: The 1970s Joe Cocker hit " You Are So Beautiful ", the Beach Boys ' " Disney Girls " and jazz standards such as " My Buddy ", which Day originally sang in the film I'll See You in My Dreams (1951). In the U.S., the album reached No. 12 on Amazon 's bestseller list and helped raise funds for the Doris Day Animal League . Day became the oldest artist to score a UK Top 10 with an album featuring new material. In January 2012,
4142-431: The 1977 miniseries Seventh Avenue . The Nelson Riddle Orchestra also made numerous concert appearances throughout the 1970s, some of which were led and contracted by his good friend, Tommy Shepard . On March 14, 1977, Riddle conducted his last three arrangements for Sinatra. " Linda ", " Sweet Lorraine " and "Barbara", were intended for an album of songs with women's names. The album was never completed. "Sweet Lorraine"
4251-452: The 21st century, the big-band arrangement has made a modest comeback. Gordon Goodwin , Roy Hargrove , and Christian McBride have all rolled out new big bands with both original compositions and new arrangements of standard tunes. The string section is a body of instruments composed of various bowed stringed instruments. By the 19th century orchestral music in Europe had standardized
4360-577: The Army. The couple had seven children, Nelson Riddle III, Maureen Alicia Riddle, Christopher Riddle, Rosemary Riddle, Leonora Celeste Riddle (1957-1958), Cecily Jean Riddle, and Bettina Riddle. Riddle had an extra-marital affair with singer Rosemary Clooney in the 1960s, which contributed to the breakup of their respective marriages. In 1968, Riddle separated from his wife Doreen; their divorce became official in 1970. A few months later he married Naomi Tenenholtz, then his secretary, with whom he would remain for
4469-557: The Briggadiers, he met one of the most important influences on his later arranging style: Bill Finegan , with whom he began arranging lessons. Despite being only four years older than Riddle, Finegan was considerably more musically sophisticated, and within a few years Riddle was creating not only some of the most popular arrangements from the swing era, such as Glenn Miller 's " Little Brown Jug ", but also great jazz arrangements such as Tommy Dorsey 's " Chloe " and " At Sundown " from
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4578-666: The British charts. Her cover of " Perhaps, Perhaps, Perhaps " was included in the soundtrack of the Australian film Strictly Ballroom . Day participated in celebrations of her birthday with an annual Doris Day music marathon. She declined tribute offers from the American Film Institute and the Kennedy Center Honors because they both require that recipients attend in person. In 2004, she
4687-449: The British group Yes based their early careers on radical rearrangements of contemporary hits . Bonnie Pointer performed disco and Motown -styled versions of " Heaven Must Have Sent You ". Remixes , such as in dance music , can also be considered arrangements. Arrangements for small jazz combos are usually informal, minimal, and uncredited. Larger ensembles have generally had greater requirements for notated arrangements, though
4796-598: The Broadway production The Glass Menagerie (1945). Day felt that it was her best film performance. The film's producer Joe Pasternak said, "I was stunned that Doris did not get an Oscar nomination." The film's soundtrack album became a No. 1 hit. Day starred in Alfred Hitchcock 's suspense film The Man Who Knew Too Much (1956 film) opposite James Stewart. She sang two songs in the film, " Que Sera, Sera (Whatever Will Be, Will Be) ", which won an Academy Award for Best Original Song , and "We'll Love Again". The film
4905-661: The Daisies (1960) and with Cary Grant in the comedy That Touch of Mink (1962). During 1960 and the 1962-1964 period, she ranked No. 1 at the box office, the second woman to be No. 1 four times, an accomplishment equaled by no other actress except Shirley Temple . She set a record that has yet to be matched by receiving seven consecutive Laurel Awards as the top female box-office star. Day teamed with James Garner starting with The Thrill of It All , followed by Move Over, Darling (both 1963). The film's theme song " Move Over Darling ", cowritten by her son, reached No. 8 in
5014-578: The Duke Ellington big band were usually new compositions, and some of Eddie Sauter 's arrangements for the Benny Goodman band and Artie Shaw 's arrangements for his own band were new compositions as well. It became more common to arrange sketchy jazz combo compositions for big band after the bop era. After 1950, the big bands declined in number. However, several bands continued and arrangers provided renowned arrangements. Gil Evans wrote
5123-608: The Hit Parade Hall of Fame in 2007, and in 2010 received the first Legend Award presented by the Society of Singers. At the age of 89, Day released My Heart in the United Kingdom on September 5, 2011, her first new album since the 1994 release of The Love Album , which had been recorded in 1967. The album is a compilation of previously unreleased recordings produced by Day's son Terry Melcher. Tracks include
5232-624: The Jerome Kern Song Book ) and Johnny Mercer ( Ella Fitzgerald Sings the Johnny Mercer Song Book ). In 1963, Riddle joined Sinatra's newly established label Reprise Records , under the musical direction of Morris Stoloff . In 1964, Riddle partnered with Tom Jobim , who is considered to be one of the great exponents of Brazilian music and one of the main founders of the bossa nova movement. The record, titled The Wonderful World of Antônio Carlos Jobim ,
5341-732: The Les Brown Band) had six other top ten hits on the Billboard chart : " My Dreams Are Getting Better All the Time ", " 'Tain't Me", " Till the End of Time ", " You Won't Be Satisfied (Until You Break My Heart) ", "The Whole World Is Singing My Song" and "I Got the Sun in the Mornin ' " . Les Brown said, "As a singer Doris belongs in the company of Bing Crosby and Frank Sinatra." While singing with
5450-518: The Les Brown band and for nearly two years on Bob Hope 's weekly radio program, Day toured extensively across the United States. Her performance of the song " Embraceable You " impressed songwriter Jule Styne and his partner Sammy Cahn , and they recommended her for a role in Romance on the High Seas (1948). Day was cast for the role after auditioning for director Michael Curtiz . She
5559-457: The Prelude from his Partita No. 3 for solo violin , BWV 1006. Bach transformed this solo piece into an orchestral Sinfonia that introduces his Cantata BWV29 . "The initial violin composition was in E major but both arranged versions are transposed down to D, the better to accommodate the wind instruments". "The transformation of material conceived for a single string instrument into
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#17327985533995668-479: The UK. Between these comedic film appearances, Day costarred with Rex Harrison in the thriller Midnight Lace (1960), an update of the stage thriller Gaslight . Day's next film Do Not Disturb (1965) was popular with audiences, but her popularity soon waned. By the late 1960s, in the period of the emerging sexual revolution , some critics and comics dubbed Day "The World's Oldest Virgin," and she slipped from
5777-507: The United States. Between 1950 and 1953, the albums from six of her film musicals charted in the Top 10, including three that reached No. 1. After filming Lucky Me (1954) with Bob Cummings and Young at Heart (1955) with Frank Sinatra , Day elected to not renew her contract with Warner Brothers. During this period, Day also had her own radio program, The Doris Day Show . It was broadcast on CBS in 1952–1953. Primarily recognized as
5886-466: The academy had offered her the honorary Oscar multiple times, but she declined as she saw the film industry as a part of her past life. Day received a Grammy for Lifetime Achievement in Music in 2008, albeit again in absentia. Day received Grammy Hall of Fame Awards in 1998, 1999 and 2012 for her recordings of "Sentimental Journey", "Secret Love" and "Que Sera, Sera", respectively. She was inducted into
5995-517: The daughter of German-American parents Alma Sophia ( née Welz; 1895–1976) and William Joseph Kappelhoff (1892–1967). She was named after actress Doris Kenyon . Her mother was a homemaker , and her father was a music teacher and choirmaster . Her paternal grandfather Franz Joseph Wilhelm Kappelhoff immigrated to the United States in 1875 and settled within the large German community in Cincinnati. For most of her life, Day stated that she
6104-449: The early Count Basie big band is known for its many head arrangements, so called because they were worked out by the players themselves, memorized ("in the player's head "), and never written down. Most arrangements for big bands, however, were written down and credited to a specific arranger, as with arrangements by Sammy Nestico and Neal Hefti for Count Basie's later big bands. Don Redman made innovations in jazz arranging as
6213-495: The end of it. I had also been signed up for a bunch of TV specials, all without anyone ever asking me. Day hated the idea of performing on television but felt obligated to forge ahead with the series. The first episode of The Doris Day Show aired on September 24, 1968, and featured a rerecorded version of "Que Sera, Sera" as its theme song. Day persevered with the show, needing to work to repay her debts, but only after CBS ceded creative control to her and her son. The show enjoyed
6322-609: The film My Dream Is Yours (1949), which featured the song. In 1950, she collaborated as a singer with the polka musician Frankie Yankovic , and the U.S. servicemen in Korea voted her their favorite star. Day continued to appear in light musicals such as On Moonlight Bay (1951), By the Light of the Silvery Moon (1953) and Tea For Two (1950) for Warner Bros . Her most commercially successful film for Warner Bros.
6431-470: The first album by a rock singer to pay tribute to the golden age of pop, but is ... the best and most serious attempt to rehabilitate an idea of pop that Beatlemania and the mass marketing of rock LPs for teen-agers undid in the mid-60s ... In the decade prior to Beatlemania, most of the great band singers and crooners of the 40s and 50s codified a half-century of American pop standards on dozens of albums ... many of them now long out-of-print." What's New
6540-809: The height of her popularity, she starred in her own television sitcom The Doris Day Show (1968–1973). In 1989, Day was awarded the Golden Globe and the Cecil B. DeMille Award for Lifetime Achievement in Motion Pictures. In 2004, she was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom . In 2008, she received the Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award as well as a Legend Award from the Society of Singers . In 2011, she
6649-495: The horn part, creating a half-diminished seventh chord which is not in Schubert's original piano part. There are subtle differences between this and the arrangement of the song by Franz Liszt . The upper string sound is thicker, with violins and violas playing the fierce repeated octaves in unison and bassoons compensating for this by doubling the cellos and basses . There are no timpani, but trumpets and horns add
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#17327985533996758-677: The hotels sold in 1970 for about $ 7 million, and their estimated worth in 1986 was $ 50 million. Terry Melcher stated that his father's premature death saved Day from financial ruin. It was not known whether Martin Melcher had himself been duped by Rosenthal, and Day stated publicly that she believed him to be innocent of any deliberate wrongdoing, stating that he "simply trusted the wrong person." Author David Kaufman asserts that Day's former costar Louis Jourdan , maintained that Day disliked her husband, but Day's public statements regarding Melcher appear to contradict that assertion. Day
6867-551: The identity of the arrangement's creator, he sought out Riddle's work for other sessions, and thus began a fruitful partnership that furthered the careers of both men at Capitol. During the same year, Riddle also formed a friendship with Vern Yocum (born George Vernon Yocum), a big band jazz musician (and brother of Pied Piper Clark Yocum) who would transition into music preparation for Frank Sinatra and other entertainers at Capitol Records. A collaboration followed, with Vern becoming Riddle's "right hand" as copyist and librarian for
6976-568: The inaugural award ceremony for Cross Country Suite , which was composed for former bandmate Buddy DeFranco . While at Capitol, Riddle continued his successful career arranging music for film, most notably with MGM 's Conrad Salinger on the first onscreen duet between Bing Crosby and Sinatra in High Society (1956), and the 1957 film version of Pal Joey directed by George Sidney for Columbia Pictures . In 1957, Riddle and his orchestra were featured on The Rosemary Clooney Show ,
7085-453: The latter half of the 1960s, the partnership between Riddle and Frank Sinatra grew more distant as Sinatra began increasingly to turn to Don Costa , Billy May and an assortment of other arrangers for his album projects. Although Riddle would write various arrangements for Sinatra until the late 1970s, Strangers In The Night , released in 1966, was the last full album project the pair completed together. The collection of Riddle-arranged songs
7194-585: The leadership of his father's orchestra. Following the death of Riddle's second wife Naomi in 1998, proceeds from the sale of the Riddle home in Bel Air were used to establish a Nelson Riddle Endowed Chair and library at the University of Arizona , which officially opened in 2001. The opening showcased a gala concert of Riddle's works, with Ronstadt as a featured guest performer. In 2000, Erich Kunzel and
7303-605: The list of top box-office stars, last appearing in the top ten with the hit film The Glass Bottom Boat (1966). Among the roles that she declined was that of Mrs. Robinson in The Graduate , a role that eventually went to Anne Bancroft . In her memoirs, Day said that she had rejected the part on moral grounds, finding the script "vulgar and offensive." Day starred in the Western film The Ballad of Josie in 1967. That same year, Day recorded The Love Album , although it
7412-911: The mid-1940s. After his graduation from Rumson High School , Riddle spent his late teens and early twenties playing trombone in and occasionally arranging for various local dance bands, culminating in his association with the Charlie Spivak Orchestra. In 1943, Riddle joined the Merchant Marine , serving at Sheepshead Bay, New York for about two years while continuing to work for the Charlie Spivak Orchestra. Riddle studied orchestration under his fellow merchant mariner, composer Alan Shulman . After his enlistment term ended, Riddle traveled to Chicago to join Tommy Dorsey's orchestra in 1944, where he remained
7521-417: The middle of a bunch of other things. The mood comes and then it changes. It's like putting a picture in a bad frame." Riddle was at first skeptical of Ronstadt's proposed project, but once he agreed, his career turned around immediately. For her to do " elevator music ", as she called it, was a great surprise to the young audience. Joe Smith, the president of Elektra, was terrified that the albums would turn off
7630-403: The next thirty years. In 1953, Capitol Records executives viewed the up-and-coming Riddle as a prime choice to arrange for Frank Sinatra. Sinatra was reluctant however, preferring instead to remain with Axel Stordahl , his long-time collaborator from his Columbia Records years. When success of the first few Capitol sides with Stordahl proved disappointing, Sinatra eventually relented and Riddle
7739-457: The one radio voice I listened to above others belonged to Ella Fitzgerald . There was a quality to her voice that fascinated me, and I'd sing along with her, trying to catch the subtle ways she shaded her voice, the casual yet clean way she sang the words." Day's mother Alma arranged for Doris to receive singing lessons from Grace Raine. After three lessons, Raine told Alma that Day had "tremendous potential" and gave her three lessons per week for
7848-556: The orchestra's third trombone for eleven months until drafted by the Army in April 1945, shortly before the end of World War II . He was discharged in June 1946, after fifteen months of active duty. He moved shortly thereafter to Hollywood to pursue a career as an arranger, and spent the next several years writing arrangements for multiple radio and record projects. In May 1949, Doris Day had
7957-411: The piano part. He also extracts a descending chromatic melodic line, implied by the left hand in bars 2–4 (above), and gives it to the horn. Popular music recordings often include parts for brass horn sections , bowed strings , and other instruments that were added by arrangers and not composed by the original songwriters . Some pop arrangers even add sections using full orchestra , though this
8066-481: The price of one. Years later, Day said that Raine had a greater effect on her singing style and career than had anyone else. During the eight months when she was receiving singing lessons, Day secured her first professional jobs as a vocalist on the WLW radio program Carlin's Carnival and in a local restaurant, Charlie Yee's Shanghai Inn. During her radio performances, she first caught the attention of Barney Rapp , who
8175-490: The range of instrumental timbres available in a late 19th-century orchestra. "It was Debussy whose 1896 orchestrations of the Gymnopédies put their composer on the map." Pictures at an Exhibition , a suite of ten piano pieces by Modest Mussorgsky , has been arranged over twenty times, notably by Maurice Ravel . Ravel's arrangement demonstrates an "ability to create unexpected, memorable orchestral sonorities". In
8284-801: The rest of his life. Riddle's eldest son Nelson III resides in London, England, and is married to British actress Paula Wilcox . Riddle's eldest daughter, Rosemary, is the trustee of the Nelson Riddle Trust. Riddle was a member of Phi Mu Alpha Sinfonia , the national fraternity for men in music. In a 1982 radio interview on WNEW with Jonathan Schwartz , Riddle cited Stan Kenton 's " 23°N — 82°W " arranged by Bill Russo as inspiration for his signature trombone interplay crescendos . In 1985, Riddle died in Los Angeles, at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center , at age 64 of cardiac and kidney failure as
8393-409: The rock audience. The three albums together sold over seven million copies and brought Riddle back to a young audience during the last three years of his life. Arrangements for Linda Ronstadt 's What's New (1983) and Lush Life (1984) won Riddle his second and third Grammy Awards . On January 19, 1985, Riddle conducted at the nationally televised 50th Presidential Inaugural Gala, the day before
8502-520: The romantic comedy film The Tunnel of Love (1958) and with Jack Lemmon in It Happened to Jane (1959). Billboard 's annual nationwide poll of disc jockeys had ranked Day as the No. 1 female vocalist nine times in ten years (1949 through 1958), but her success and popularity as a singer was now being overshadowed by her box-office appeal. In 1959, Day entered her most successful phase as
8611-503: The second inauguration of Ronald Reagan . The program was hosted by Frank Sinatra , who sang " Fly Me to the Moon " and " One for My Baby (and One More for the Road) " (backed by a solo dance routine by Mikhail Baryshnikov ). Working with Ronstadt, Riddle brought his career back into focus in the last three years of his life. Stephen Holden of The New York Times wrote, What's New "isn't
8720-534: The second movement, "Gnomus", Mussorgsky's original piano piece simply repeats the following passage: Ravel initially orchestrates it as follows: Repeating the passage, Ravel provides a fresh orchestration "this time with the celesta (replacing the woodwinds ) accompanied by string glissandos on the fingerboard ". A number of Franz Schubert 's songs, originally for voice with piano accompaniment, were arranged by other composers. For example, his "highly charged" and "graphic" song " Erlkönig " ("The Erl King") has
8829-414: The show's instrumentation; a benefit was the creation of more space in the pit for an expanded percussion section. George Martin , producer and arranger for the Beatles , warns arrangers about the intonation problems when only two like instruments play in unison: "After a string quartet, I do not think there is a satisfactory sound for strings until one has at least three players on each line . . . as
8938-404: The string choir. In modern arranging these instruments are considered part of the rhythm section. The electric bass and upright string bass—depending on the circumstance—can be treated by the arranger as either string section or rhythm section instruments. A group of instruments in which each member plays a unique part—rather than playing in unison with other like instruments—is referred to as
9047-413: The string section into the following homogeneous instrumental groups: first violins , second violins (the same instrument as the first violins, but typically playing an accompaniment or harmony part to the first violins, and often at a lower pitch range), violas , cellos , and double basses . The string section in a multi-sectioned orchestra is sometimes referred to as the "string choir". The harp
9156-513: The string section plays his or her own unique part. Artistic, budgetary and logistical concerns, including the size of the orchestra pit or hall will determine the size and instrumentation of a string section. The Broadway musical West Side Story , in 1957, was booked into the Winter Garden theater; composer Leonard Bernstein disliked the playing of "house" viola players he would have to use there, and so he chose to leave them out of
9265-443: The third season's music. Re-recordings of Riddle's music from Batman were issued on one soundtrack LP and a 45 RPM single. There was a "Batmanesque" tone in the soundtrack for Howard Hawks ' John Wayne film El Dorado , also scored by Riddle in 1966, due to his continued heavy use of brass. Riddle was the musical director for 16 episodes of The Smothers Brothers Comedy Hour between 1967 and 1969. Riddle's television work in
9374-409: The two resulted in a three-album contract which included what were to be the last arrangements of Riddle's career, with the exception of an album of twelve Great American Songbook standards he arranged and conducted for his old friend, opera singer Kiri Te Kanawa , in April 1985, six months before his death that October. Ronstadt recalls that when she initially approached Riddle, she did not know if he
9483-466: Was I'll See You in My Dreams (1951), a musical biography of lyricist Gus Kahn that broke box-office records of 20 years. It was Day's fourth film directed by Curtiz. She appeared as the title character in the comedic western-themed musical Calamity Jane (1953). A song from the film, " Secret Love ", won the Academy Award for Best Original Song and became Day's fourth No. 1 hit single in
9592-609: Was " Lisbon Antigua ", released in November 1955, which reached and remained at the #1 position for four weeks in 1956. Riddle's most notable LPs were Hey ... Let Yourself Go (1957) and C'mon ... Get Happy (1958), both of which peaked at a respectable number twenty on the Billboard charts. In 1959, he won the Grammy Award for Best Musical Composition First Recorded and Released in 1958 (over 5 minutes' duration) at
9701-604: Was Day's 10th to reach the top 10 at the box office. She played the title role in the film noir thriller Julie (1956) with Louis Jourdan . After three successive dramatic films, Day returned to her musical/comedic roots in The Pajama Game (1957) with John Raitt , based on the Broadway play of the same name . She appeared in the Paramount comedy Teacher's Pet (1958) alongside Clark Gable and Gig Young . She costarred with Richard Widmark and Gig Young in
9810-484: Was a Sinatra ballad album, one of his most successful recordings, Only the Lonely . For the next decade, Riddle continued to arrange for Sinatra and Cole, in addition to such Capitol artists as Kate Smith, Judy Garland, Dean Martin, Keely Smith, Sue Raney and Ed Townsend. He also found time to record his own instrumental discs, released on Capitol in both 45 RPM single, and LP album format. Riddle's most successful tune
9919-479: Was a good day for America when Doris Marianne von Kappelhoff (sic) of Evanston, Ohio decided to become an entertainer. It was a good day for our fellow creatures when she gave her good heart to the cause of animal welfare. Doris Day is one of the greats, and America will always love its sweetheart. Columnist Liz Smith and film critic Rex Reed mounted vigorous campaigns to gather support for an Academy Honorary Award for Day. According to The Hollywood Reporter ,
10028-416: Was an American actress and singer. She began her career as a big band singer in 1939, achieving commercial success in 1945 with two No. 1 recordings, " Sentimental Journey " and " My Dreams Are Getting Better All the Time " with Les Brown and His Band of Renown . She left Brown to embark on a solo career and recorded more than 650 songs from 1947 to 1967. Day was one of the leading Hollywood film stars of
10137-468: Was awarded the Los Angeles Film Critics Association's Career Achievement Award . In 2011, Day released her 29th studio album, My Heart , which contained new material and became a UK Top 10 album. As of 2020 , she was one of eight recording artists to have been the top box-office earner in the United States four times. Day was born Doris Mary Anne Kappelhoff on April 3, 1922, in Cincinnati , Ohio,
10246-416: Was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom by President George W. Bush for her achievements in the entertainment industry and for her work on behalf of animals. President Bush stated: In the years since, she has kept her fans and shown the breadth of her talent in television and the movies. She starred on screen with leading men from Jimmy Stewart to Ronald Reagan, from Rock Hudson to James Garner. It
10355-570: Was born in 1924, but on the occasion of her 95th birthday, the Associated Press found her birth certificate that showed a 1922 year of birth. Day had two older brothers: Richard (1917–1919), who died before her birth, and Paul (1919–1957). Her father's infidelity caused her parents to separate in 1932 when she was 10. She developed an early interest in dance, and in the mid-1930s formed a dance duo with Jerry Doherty that performed in nationwide competitions. On October 13, 1937, while Day
10464-547: Was called in to arrange his first session for Sinatra, held on April 30, 1953. Riddle drew on Sinatra's rhythm section, led by drummer/percussionist Irving Cottler (who was the featured drummer on Nat King Cole 's " Mona Lisa "). The first product of the Riddle–Sinatra partnership, " I've Got the World on a String " became a runaway hit and is often credited with relaunching the singer's slumping career. Riddle's personal favorite
10573-484: Was encouraged to continue his musical pursuits at Ridgewood High School . A formative experience was hearing Serge Koussevitsky and the Boston Symphony Orchestra playing Maurice Ravel 's Boléro . Riddle said later: "... I've never forgotten it. It's almost as if the orchestra leaped from the stage and smacked you in the face ..." By his teenage years, Riddle had decided to become
10682-576: Was even familiar with her music. He knew her name, but basically hated rock 'n' roll. However, his daughter was a big Linda Ronstadt fan and told her father, "Don't worry, Dad. Her checks won't bounce." When Riddle learned of Ronstadt's desire to learn more about traditional pop music and agreed to record with her, he insisted on a complete album or nothing. He explained to Ronstadt that he had once turned down Paul McCartney , who had sought him out to write an arrangement for one of McCartney's albums, "I just couldn't do it. You can't put something like that in
10791-423: Was intended to expand on the success of the title track, which had been a number one hit single for Sinatra arranged by Ernie Freeman . Nelson Riddle Conducts The 101 Strings was recorded in London in 1970. Riddle had been without a recording contract for the first time in more than 25 years. It had been two years since his Liberty Records contract ended. That year, he flew to London and recorded an album with
10900-428: Was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actress . She also worked with James Garner on both Move Over, Darling (1963) and The Thrill of It All (1963) and starred alongside Clark Gable , Cary Grant , James Cagney , David Niven , Ginger Rogers , Jack Lemmon , Frank Sinatra , Kirk Douglas , Lauren Bacall , and Rod Taylor in various films. After ending her film career in 1968, only briefly removed from
11009-781: Was not released until 1994. In 1968, she starred in the comedy film Where Were You When the Lights Went Out? about the Northeast blackout of November 9, 1965 . Her final feature, the comedy With Six You Get Eggroll , was released in 1968. From 1959 to 1970, Day received nine Laurel Award nominations (and won four times) for best female performance in eight comedies and one drama. From 1959 through 1969, she received six Golden Globe nominations for best female performance in three comedies, one drama ( Midnight Lace ), one musical ( Jumbo ) and her television series. After her third husband Martin Melcher died on April 20, 1968, Day
11118-551: Was released in 1965. In 1966, Riddle was hired by television producer William Dozier to create the music for the Batman television series starring Adam West . ( Neal Hefti had written the Batman theme song and was originally hired for the series, but became unavailable.) Riddle did the first two seasons of Batman (sans two episodes scored by Warren Barker), along with the theatrically released Batman: The Movie . Billy May did
11227-598: Was released in 1990 and the other two were included in The Complete Reprise Studio Recordings , released in 1995. In 1978 Riddle was Musical Director for the 50th Academy Awards ceremony, the only occasion on which he performed the task. In December 1979, Riddle conducted and arranged " Something " for Sinatra's 1980 album "Trilogy". And in 1981, he also arranged and conducted the medley of "The Gal That Got Away" and "It Never Entered My Mind" for Sinatra's album "She Shot Me Down", which
11336-481: Was riding with friends, their car collided with a freight train, and she broke her right leg, curtailing her prospects as a professional dancer. While recovering from her car accident, Day sang along with the radio and discovered her singing talent. She later said: "During this long, boring period, I used to while away a lot of time listening to the radio, sometimes singing along with the likes of Benny Goodman , Duke Ellington , Tommy Dorsey , and Glenn Miller . But
11445-635: Was scheduled to present, along with Patrick Swayze and Marvin Hamlisch , the award for Best Original Score Oscar at the 61st Academy Awards in March 1989, but she suffered a deep leg cut from a sprinkler and was unable to attend. Day was inducted into the Ohio Women's Hall of Fame in 1981 and received the Cecil B. DeMille Award for career achievement in 1989. In 1994, Day's Greatest Hits album entered
11554-484: Was seeking a female vocalist and asked her to audition for the job. According to Rapp, he had auditioned about 200 other singers. In 1939, Rapp suggested the stage name Doris Day because the Kappelhoff surname was too long for marquees and he admired her rendition of the song "Day After Day". After working with Rapp, Day worked with bandleaders Jimmy James, Bob Crosby and Les Brown . In 1941, Day appeared as
11663-510: Was shocked to discover that Melcher and his business partner and advisor Jerome Bernard Rosenthal had squandered her earnings, leaving her deeply in debt. Rosenthal had been her attorney since 1949 when he had represented her in her uncontested divorce action against her second husband, saxophonist George W. Weidler . Day filed suit against Rosenthal in February 1969 and won a successful decision in 1974, but she did not receive compensation until
11772-496: Was shocked to receive the offer and admitted to Curtiz that she was a singer without acting experience. but he appreciated her honesty and felt that "her freckles made her look like the All-American Girl." The film provided her with a No. 2 hit recording as a soloist, " It's Magic ", which occurred two months after her first No. 1 hit " Love Somebody ", a duet with Buddy Clark . Day recorded "Someone Like You" before
11881-647: Was the final time he worked for Frank. 1982 saw Riddle work for the last time with Ella Fitzgerald , on her last orchestral Pablo album, The Best Is Yet to Come . Riddle had composed most of the incidental music for Newhart , and the show's 71st episode was dedicated to his memory. In the spring of 1982, Riddle was approached by Linda Ronstadt —via telephone through her manager and producer, Peter Asher —to write arrangements for an album of jazz standards that Ronstadt had been contemplating since her stint in The Pirates of Penzance . The agreement between
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