47-462: (Redirected from Neo-baroque ) Neo-Baroque may refer to: Neo-Baroque music Neo-Baroque painting , a painting style used by Christo Coetzee and others Baroque Revival architecture Neo-Baroque film the Organ reform movement Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with
94-467: A "call to order" after the experimental ferment of the first two decades of the twentieth century. The neoclassical impulse found its expression in such features as the use of pared-down performing forces, an emphasis on rhythm and on contrapuntal texture, an updated or expanded tonal harmony, and a concentration on absolute music as opposed to Romantic program music . In form and thematic technique, neoclassical music often drew inspiration from music of
141-775: A conductor with many American orchestras and, in 1936, was one of the candidates considered to replace Arturo Toscanini as permanent conductor of the New York Philharmonic. In 1932, Enescu was elected a titular member of the Romanian Academy . In 1935, he conducted the Orchestre Symphonique de Paris and Yehudi Menuhin (who had been his pupil for several years starting in 1927) in Mozart's Violin Concerto No. 3 in G major. He also conducted
188-461: A cultural centre be built there. In Moinești itself there is a street named after the composer, as well as a middle school. In addition the renamed George Enescu International Airport at Bacău is some twenty miles away. Then in 2014 the home of Enescu's maternal grandfather in Mihăileni, Botoșani , where the composer spent part of his childhood, was rescued from an advanced state of dilapidation by
235-484: A piano trio, two string quartets and two piano quartets, a wind decet (French, "dixtuor"), an octet for strings , a piano quintet, and a chamber symphony for twelve solo instruments). A young Ravi Shankar recalled in the 1960s how Enescu, who had developed a deep interest in Oriental music, rehearsed with Shankar's brother Uday Shankar and his musicians. Around the same time, Enescu took the young Yehudi Menuhin to
282-579: A revival of antique forms within the framework of a "return to order", but an attempt to revive an approach to composition that would allow the composer to free himself from the constraints of the sonata form and of the over-exploited mechanisms of thematic development. Igor Stravinsky's first foray into the style began in 1919/20 when he composed the ballet Pulcinella , using themes which he believed to be by Giovanni Battista Pergolesi (it later came out that many of them were not, though they were by contemporaries). American Composer Edward T. Cone describes
329-485: Is inscribed "opus for piano and violin by George Enescu, Romanian composer, aged five years and a quarter". Shortly thereafter, his father presented him to the professor and composer Eduard Caudella . On 5 October 1888, at the age of seven, he became the youngest student ever admitted to the Vienna Conservatory , where he studied with Joseph Hellmesberger Jr. , Robert Fuchs , and Sigismund Bachrich . He
376-874: The Colonial Exhibition in Paris , where he introduced him to the Gamelan Orchestra from Indonesia . On 8 January 1923 he made his American debut as a conductor in a concert given by the Philadelphia Orchestra at Carnegie Hall in New York City, and subsequently visited the United States many times. It was in America, in the 1920s, that Enescu was first persuaded to make recordings as a violinist. He also appeared as
423-542: The Conservatoire de Paris . In a letter from André Gédalge to Lucien Rebatet , dated 16 October 1923, Gédalge said that Enescu was "the only one [among his students] who truly had ideas and spirit" (fr: le seul qui ait vraiment des idées et du souffle) . On 6 February 1898, at the age of 16, Enescu presented in Paris his first mature work, Poema Română , played by the Colonne Orchestra , then one of
470-942: The New York Philharmonic between 1937 and 1938. In 1939, he married Maria Tescanu Rosetti (known as Princess Maruca Cantacuzino through her first husband Mihail Cantacuzino), a good friend of Queen Marie of Romania. He was also renowned as a violin teacher. He began teaching at the Mannes School of Music in 1948. His students included Yehudi Menuhin , Christian Ferras , Ivry Gitlis , Arthur Grumiaux , Serge Blanc , Ida Haendel , Uto Ughi , and Joan Field . (See: List of music students by teacher: C to F#George Enescu .) He promoted contemporary Romanian music, playing works of Constantin Silvestri , Mihail Jora , Ionel Perlea and Marțian Negrea. Enescu considered Bach's Sonatas and Partitas for solo violin as
517-660: The motif . However, his 1935 orchestration of the six-part ricercar from Bach's Musical Offering is not regarded as neoclassical because of its concentration on the fragmentation of instrumental colours. Some composers below may have only written music in a neoclassical style during a portion of their careers. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulysses_Kay#Operas Footnotes George Enescu George Enescu ( Romanian pronunciation: [ˈdʒe̯ordʒe eˈnesku] ; 19 August [ O.S. 7 August] 1881 – 4 May 1955), known in France as Georges Enesco ,
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#1732776715204564-486: The "Chilean Hindemith". In Cuba, José Ardévol initiated a neoclassical school, though he himself moved on to a modernistic national style later in his career. Even the atonal school, represented for example by Arnold Schoenberg, showed the influence of neoclassical ideas. After his early style of 'Late Romanticism' (exemplified by his string sextet Verklärte Nacht ) had been supplanted by his Atonal period , and immediately before he embraced twelve-tone serialism,
611-627: The "Himalayas of violinists". An annotated version of this work brings together the indications of Enescu regarding sonority, phrasing, tempos, musicality, fingering and expression. Enescu died on 4 May 1955. On his death, he was interred in Père Lachaise Cemetery in Paris. Pablo Casals described Enescu as "the greatest musical phenomenon since Mozart" and "one of the greatest geniuses of modern music ". Queen Marie of Romania wrote in her memoirs that "in George Enescu
658-446: The 1920s "becoming the basic line of his music". Richard Strauss also introduced neoclassical elements into his music, most notably in his orchestral suite Le bourgeois gentilhomme Op. 60, written in an early version in 1911 and its final version in 1917. Ottorino Respighi was also one of the precursors of neoclassicism with his Ancient Airs and Dances Suite No. 1, composed in 1917. Instead of looking at musical forms of
705-480: The 1924 chamber cantata Psyché and incidental music for Pedro Calderón de la Barca 's, El gran teatro del mundo , written in 1927. In the late 1920s and early 1930s, Roberto Gerhard composed in the neoclassical style, including his Concertino for Strings, the Wind Quintet, the cantata L'alta naixença del rei en Jaume , and the ballet Ariel . Other important Spanish neoclassical composers are found amongst
752-676: The 1930s, Enescu lived in the Cantacuzino Palace on Calea Victoriei and married its then owner, Maruca Cantacuzino, in 1939. After the Communist takeover, the couple occupied a part of it briefly before moving to Paris in 1947. Following Enescu's death in 1955, Maruca donated the palace to the Romanian state in order to organize a museum [1] in memory of the musician. Likewise, the Symphony Orchestra of Bucharest and
799-624: The 1950s (e.g., Piano Sonata No. 1 and the Variaciones concertantes ) before moving on to a style dominated by atonal and serial techniques. Roberto Caamaño, professor of Gregorian chant at the Institute of Sacred Music in Buenos Aires, employed a dissonant neoclassical style in some works and a serialist style in others. Although the well-known Bachianas Brasileiras of Heitor Villa-Lobos (composed between 1930 and 1947) are cast in
846-455: The Baroque concerto grosso form in his works. Pulcinella , as a subcategory of rearrangement of existing Baroque compositions, spawned a number of similar works, including Alfredo Casella 's Scarlattiana (1927), Poulenc's Suite Française , Ottorino Respighi's Ancient Airs and Dances and Gli uccelli , and Richard Strauss's Dance Suite from Keyboard Pieces by François Couperin and
893-608: The George Enescu Festival—initiated by the musicologist Andrei Tudor [2] and supported by his friend, musical advocate, and sometime collaborator, the conductor George Georgescu—are named and held in his honor, and the composer's childhood home in Liveni was inaugurated as a memorial museum in 1958. Earlier still, in 1947, his wife Maruca donated to the state the mansion near Moinești where Enescu had lived and where he completed his opera Oedipe , provided that
940-459: The Old Style (1897) and Max Reger 's Concerto in the Old Style (1912), composers "dressed up their music in old clothes in order to create a smiling or pensive evocation of the past". Sergei Prokofiev 's Symphony No. 1 ( 1917 ) is sometimes cited as a precursor of neoclassicism. Prokofiev himself thought that his composition was a "passing phase" whereas Stravinsky's neoclassicism was by
987-528: The Serenade, op. 24, and the Suite for piano, op. 25. Schoenberg's pupil Alban Berg actually came to neoclassicism before his teacher, in his Three Pieces for Orchestra , op. 6 (1913–14), and the opera Wozzeck , which uses closed forms such as suite, passacaglia, and rondo as organizing principles within each scene. Anton Webern also achieved a sort of neoclassical style through an intense concentration on
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#17327767152041034-947: The artist towards works. Busoni wrote in a letter to Paul Bekker , "By 'Young Classicalism' I mean the mastery, the sifting and the turning to account of all the gains of previous experiments and their inclusion in strong and beautiful forms". Neoclassicism found a welcome audience in Europe and America, as the school of Nadia Boulanger promulgated ideas about music based on her understanding of Stravinsky's music. Boulanger taught and influenced many notable composers, including Grażyna Bacewicz , Lennox Berkeley , Elliott Carter , Francis Chagrin , Aaron Copland , David Diamond , Irving Fine , Harold Shapero , Jean Françaix , Roy Harris , Igor Markevitch , Darius Milhaud, Astor Piazzolla , Walter Piston , Ned Rorem , and Virgil Thomson . In Spain, Manuel de Falla 's neoclassical Concerto for Harpsichord, Flute, Oboe, Clarinet, Violin, and Cello of 1926
1081-660: The ballet "[Stravinsky] confronts the evoked historical manner at every point with his own version of contemporary language; the result is a complete reinterpretation and transformation of the earlier style". Later examples are the Octet for winds, the "Dumbarton Oaks" Concerto , the Concerto in D , the Symphony of Psalms , Symphony in C , and Symphony in Three Movements , as well as the opera-oratorio Oedipus Rex and
1128-483: The ballets Apollo and Orpheus , in which the neoclassicism took on an explicitly "classical Grecian" aura. Stravinsky's neoclassicism culminated in his opera The Rake's Progress , with a libretto by W. H. Auden . Stravinskian neoclassicism was a decisive influence on the French composers Darius Milhaud , Francis Poulenc , Arthur Honegger and Germaine Tailleferre , as well as on Bohuslav Martinů , who revived
1175-646: The director of the Vienna Conservatory, hosted Enescu at his home, where the child prodigy met his idol, Johannes Brahms . He graduated at the age of 12, earning the silver medal. In his Viennese concerts young Enescu played works by Brahms , Sarasate and Mendelssohn . In 1895, he went to Paris to continue his studies. He studied violin with Martin Pierre Marsick , harmony with André Gedalge , and composition with Jules Massenet and Gabriel Fauré . Enescu then studied from 1895 to 1899 at
1222-422: The eighteenth century, Respighi, who, in addition to being a renowned composer and conductor, was also a notable musicologist, reached back to Italian music of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. His fellow contemporary composer Gian Francesco Malipiero , also a musicologist, compiled a complete edition of the works of Claudio Monteverdi . Malipiero's relation with ancient Italian music was not simply aiming at
1269-539: The eighteenth century, though the inspiring canon belonged as frequently to the Baroque (and even earlier periods) as to the Classical period —for this reason, music which draws inspiration specifically from the Baroque is sometimes termed neo-Baroque music. Neoclassicism had two distinct national lines of development, French (proceeding partly from the influence of Erik Satie and represented by Igor Stravinsky , who
1316-547: The form of Baroque suites, usually beginning with a prelude and ending with a fugal or toccata-like movement and employing neoclassical devices such as ostinato figures and long pedal notes, they were not intended so much as stylized recollections of the style of Bach as a free adaptation of Baroque harmonic and contrapuntal procedures to music in a Brazilian style. Brazilian composers of the generation after Villa-Lobos more particularly associated with neoclassicism include Radamés Gnattali (in his later works), Edino Krieger , and
1363-422: The forms of Schoenberg's works after 1920, beginning with opp. 23, 24, and 25 (all composed at the same time), have been described as "openly neoclassical", and represent an effort to integrate the advances of 1908 to 1913 with the inheritance of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. Schoenberg attempted in those works to offer listeners structural points of reference with which they could identify, beginning with
1410-677: The greatest pianists of all time, once said that Enescu, though primarily a violinist, had better piano technique than his own. Enescu's only opera, Œdipe ( Oedipe ), was staged for the first time at the Royal Opera House in London in 2016, 80 years after its Paris premiere, in a production directed and designed by La Fura dels Baus which received superlative reviews in The Guardian , The Independent , The Times and other publications. An analysis of Enescu's work and
1457-629: The members of the Generación de la República (also known as the Generación del 27 ), including Julián Bautista , Fernando Remacha , Salvador Bacarisse , and Jesús Bal y Gay . A neoclassical aesthetic was promoted in Italy by Alfredo Casella, who had been educated in Paris and continued to live there until 1915, when he returned to Italy to teach and organize concerts, introducing modernist composers such as Stravinsky and Arnold Schoenberg to
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1504-456: The most prestigious in the world, and conducted by Édouard Colonne . Many of Enescu's works were influenced by Romanian folk music, his most popular compositions being the two Romanian Rhapsodies (1901–02), the opera Œdipe (1936), and the suites for orchestra. He also wrote five mature symphonies (two of them unfinished), a symphonic poem Vox maris , and much chamber music (three sonatas for violin and piano, two for cello and piano,
1551-619: The prolific Camargo Guarnieri , who had contact with but did not study under Nadia Boulanger when he visited Paris in the 1920s. Neoclassical traits figure in Guarnieri's music starting with the second movement of the Piano Sonatina of 1928, and are particularly notable in his five piano concertos. The Chilean composer Domingo Santa Cruz Wilson was so strongly influenced by the German variety of neoclassicism that he became known as
1598-450: The provincially minded Italian public. His neoclassical compositions were perhaps less important than his organizing activities, but especially representative examples include Scarlattiana of 1926, using motifs from Domenico Scarlatti 's keyboard sonatas, and the Concerto romano of the same year. Casella's colleague Mario Castelnuovo-Tedesco wrote neoclassically inflected works which hark back to early Italian music and classical models:
1645-803: The reasons why it is less known in the UK was published by musician Dominic Saunders in The Guardian . Enescu founded the Enescu Prize in composition, which was awarded from 1913 to 1946, and afterwards by the National University of Music Bucharest . Eugène Ysaÿe 's Violin Sonata No. 3 in D minor, subtitled "Ballade" (composed in 1923), was dedicated as an act of homage to fellow-violinist Enescu. While staying in Bucharest during
1692-475: The related Divertimento after Keyboard Pieces by Couperin , Op. 86 (1923 and 1943, respectively). Starting around 1926 Béla Bartók 's music shows a marked increase in neoclassical traits, and a year or two later acknowledged Stravinsky's "revolutionary" accomplishment in creating novel music by reviving old musical elements while at the same time naming his colleague Zoltán Kodály as another Hungarian adherent of neoclassicism. A German strain of neoclassicism
1739-501: The themes of his Concerto italiano in G minor of 1924 for violin and orchestra echo Vivaldi as well as sixteenth- and seventeenth-century Italian folksongs, while his highly successful Guitar Concerto No. 1 in D of 1939 consciously follows Mozart 's concerto style. Portuguese representatives of neoclassicism include two members of the "Grupo de Quatro", Armando José Fernandes and Jorge Croner de Vasconcellos, both of whom studied with Nadia Boulanger. In South America, neoclassicism
1786-482: The title Neo-Baroque . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Neo-Baroque&oldid=1257148205 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Neo-Baroque music Neoclassicism in music
1833-566: Was a Romanian composer, violinist, pianist, conductor, and teacher and is regarded as one of the greatest musicians in Romanian history. Enescu was born in Romania, in the village of Liveni (later renamed "George Enescu" in his honor), then in Dorohoi County , today Botoșani County . His father was Costache Enescu, a landholder, and his mother was Maria Enescu (née Cosmovici), the daughter of an Orthodox priest. Their eighth child, he
1880-401: Was a twentieth-century trend, particularly current in the interwar period , in which composers sought to return to aesthetic precepts associated with the broadly defined concept of " classicism ", namely order, balance, clarity, economy, and emotional restraint. As such, neoclassicism was a reaction against the unrestrained emotionalism and perceived formlessness of late Romanticism , as well as
1927-433: Was born after all the previous siblings had died in infancy. His father later separated from Maria Enescu and had another son with Maria Ferdinand-Suschi: the painter Dumitru Bâșcu . A child prodigy , Enescu began experimenting with composing at an early age. Several, mostly very short, pieces survive, all for violin and piano. The earliest work of significant length bears the title Pămînt românesc ("Romanian Land"), and
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1974-400: Was developed by Paul Hindemith, who produced chamber music, orchestral works, and operas in a heavily contrapuntal, chromatically inflected style, best exemplified by Mathis der Maler . Roman Vlad contrasts the "classicism" of Stravinsky, which consists in the external forms and patterns of his works, with the "classicality" of Busoni, which represents an internal disposition and attitude of
2021-683: Was in fact Russian-born) and German (proceeding from the " New Objectivity " of Ferruccio Busoni , who was actually Italian, and represented by Paul Hindemith ). Neoclassicism was an aesthetic trend rather than an organized movement; even many composers not usually thought of as "neoclassicists" absorbed elements of the style. Although the term "neoclassicism" refers to a twentieth-century movement, there were important nineteenth-century precursors. In pieces such as Franz Liszt 's À la Chapelle Sixtine (1862), Edvard Grieg 's Holberg Suite (1884), Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky 's divertissement from The Queen of Spades (1890), George Enescu 's Piano Suite in
2068-602: Was of particular importance in Argentina, where it differed from its European model in that it did not seek to redress recent stylistic upheavals which had simply not occurred in Latin America. Argentine composers associated with neoclassicism include Jacobo Ficher , José María Castro [ es ] , Luis Gianneo , and Juan José Castro . The most important twentieth-century Argentine composer, Alberto Ginastera , turned from nationalistic to neoclassical forms in
2115-532: Was perceived as an expression of "universalism" ( universalismo ), broadly linked to an international, modernist aesthetic. In the first movement of the concerto, Falla quotes fragments of the fifteenth-century villancico "De los álamos, vengo madre". He had similarly incorporated quotations from seventeenth-century music when he first embraced neoclassicism in the puppet-theatre piece El retablo de maese Pedro (1919–23), an adaptation from Cervantes's Don Quixote . Later neoclassical compositions by Falla include
2162-530: Was real gold". Yehudi Menuhin, Enescu's most famous pupil, once said about his teacher: "He will remain for me the absoluteness through which I judge others", and "Enescu gave me the light that has guided my entire existence." He also considered Enescu "the most extraordinary human being, the greatest musician and the most formative influence" he had ever experienced. Vincent d'Indy claimed that if Beethoven 's works were destroyed, they could be all reconstructed from memory by George Enescu. Alfred Cortot , one of
2209-508: Was the second person ever to be admitted to the Vienna Conservatory by a dispensation of age, and was the first non-Austrian (in 1882, Fritz Kreisler had also been admitted at the age of seven; according to the rules, nobody younger than 14 years could study there). In 1891, the ten-year-old Enescu gave a private concert at the Court of Vienna , in the presence of Emperor Franz Joseph . Joseph Hellmesberger Sr. , one of his teachers and
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