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26-537: Wurrumiyanga ( / w ʊr ʊ m i ˈ j ɑː ŋ ə / ), formerly Nguiu ( / ˈ nj uː j uː / , locally [ˈŋuju] ), is a community on the southern coast of Bathurst Island , Northern Territory , Australia . Nguiu was founded in 1911 as a Catholic mission by Francis Xavier Gsell . In 2010 Nguiu was renamed Wurrumiyanga, meaning the place where the cycads grow , by the Tiwi Land Council . Nguiu Post Office opened on 3 June 1974 as

52-412: A contested situation at Coranderrk , the stations were progressively shrunk and closed. Only Lake Tyers and Framlingham were left by the early 1920s. At this time, Framlingham became an unsupervised reserve where many Aboriginal people lived. In 1958 and 1960, two new Aboriginal settlements were built by the government in northern Victoria to provide transitional housing for people living in camps. Within

78-701: A dying race, the colonial governments passed legislation designed to "protect" them. The idea was that by legislating to create certain territory for Aboriginal people, the clashes over land would stop. Officials that the Aboriginal people could farm in their reserves and become less reliant on government rations. Aboriginal Protection Boards were created in most colonies/states: The Aboriginal laws gave governments much power over all aspects of Aboriginal people’s lives. They lost what would later be considered basic human rights like freedom of movement, custody of children and control over property. In some states and

104-817: A special institution so that they could go out and work. Most of what is now the Anangu Pitjantjatjara Yankunytjatjara (APY lands) was formerly the North-West Aboriginal Reserve. Before the Aboriginals Protection and Restriction of the Sale of Opium Act 1897 , various religious organisations had established a number of mission stations, and the Colony of Queensland government had gazetted small areas as reserves for Aboriginal people to use. Once

130-676: A very hot, rainy season from mid-October to April and a relatively cool, dry season from May to mid-October. Bathurst Island was depicted as Mission Island in the 2008 Baz Luhrmann film Australia . In the film, Japanese infantrymen land on the island; however, the presence of Japanese troops on the island is entirely fictional, as no such landing by the Japanese was made during World War II . [REDACTED] Media related to Bathurst Island, Australia at Wikimedia Commons Aboriginal reserve Protectors of Aborigines and (later) Aboriginal Protection Boards were appointed to look after

156-476: Is Wurakuwu , with a population of 50, located 60 km (37 mi) northwest of Wurrumiyanga. The third settlement on the island is a small family outstation called 4 Mile Camp , about 6 km (3.7 mi) west of Wurrumiyanga. Aboriginal Australians have occupied the area that became the Tiwi Islands for at least 40,000 years. On 5 May 1623, Willem Jootszoon Van Colster (or Coolsteerdt), in

182-459: Is also home of the ground where Australian rules football is played and Tiwi Islands Football League matches. This Northern Territory geography article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Bathurst Island (Northern Territory) Bathurst Island ( Iwaidja : Nguyu ) (2,600 km or 1,000 sq mi, 11°35′S 130°18′E  /  11.583°S 130.300°E  / -11.583; 130.300 )

208-548: Is one of the Tiwi Islands in the Northern Territory off the northern coast of Australia along with Melville Island . The largest settlement on Bathurst is Wurrumiyanga (known as Nguiu until 2010), in the south-east, with a population of around 1,560. Located on the south east corner of Bathurst Island, Wurrumiyanga is approximately 70 km (43 mi) north of Darwin . The second largest settlement

234-664: The 1913 Royal Commission on the Aborigines in its final report in 1916. Included in the recommendations was that the government become the legal guardian of all Aboriginal children upon reaching their 10th birthday, and place them "where they deem best". Seven years after the Final Report of the Commission, the Aborigines (Training of Children) Act 1923 , in order to allow Indigenous children to be "trained" in

260-668: The APB from 1883 onwards, and were managed by officials appointed by that Board. Education (in the form of preparation for the workforce), rations and housing tended to be provided on these reserves, and station managers tightly controlled who could, and could not, live there. Many people were forcibly moved onto and off stations. Managed stations included Purfleet, Karuah and Murrin Bridge near Lake Cargellico. Many other Aboriginal people did not live on Aboriginal missions, reserves or stations, but in towns, or in fringe camps on private property or on

286-509: The Act was passed, all Aboriginal reserves became subject to the Act. For several of these reserves, Superintendents were appointed to carry out the provisions of the Act, and missionaries who had been running Aboriginal settlements also became Superintendents. However, the majority of reserves in Queensland were never "managed" reserves; they had no Superintendent and were usually controlled by

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312-692: The Local Protector of Aborigines. Victoria had a number of Aboriginal stations and Native Police reserves (run by the colonial government), and missions (run by religious organisations). In 1860, the missions were taken over by the state, becoming stations, though were still often administered by the same religious groups. The stations were run by Superintendents (earlier Assistant Protectors ). The government also operated depots , (run by Guardians ) which provided food, clothing and blankets, but not somewhere to live. A number of closed stations were subsequently used as depots. From 1886, after

338-703: The Northern Territory, the Chief Protector had legal guardianship over all Aboriginal children, ahead of the parents. These policies were at their worst in the 1930s. "In the name of protection", suggest the authors of the 1997 Bringing Them Home report, "Indigenous people were subject to near-total control". The forcible removal of children from their families led to what became known as the Stolen Generations . Broadly speaking, there were three types of spaces formally set aside by

364-410: The first office on Bathurst Island. There are two Catholic schools in the town; Murrupurtiyanuwu Catholic Primary School , and Xavier Catholic College (Years 7-13). Wurrumiyanga (Nguiu) is the home of Tiwi Designs, an art corporation (involving some 100 indigenous artists) which produces fabric, carvings, ceramics, print and paintings and whose aim is to promote, preserve and enrich Tiwi culture. It

390-820: The government specifically for Aboriginal people to live on: Aboriginal reserves: Aboriginal reserves were parcels of land set aside for Aboriginal people to live on; these were not managed by the government or its officials. From 1883 onwards, the Aboriginal people who were living on unmanaged reserves received rations and blankets from the Aborigines Protection Board (APB), but remained responsible for their own housing. Such reserves included Forster and Burnt Bridge. Aboriginal missions: Aboriginal missions were created by churches or religious individuals to house Aboriginal people and train them in Christian ideals and to also prepare them for work. Most of

416-545: The interests of the Aboriginal people. Aboriginal reserves were used from the nineteenth century to keep Aboriginal people separate from the white Australian population, often ostensibly for their protection. Protectors of Aborigines had been appointed from as early as 1836 in South Australia (with Matthew Moorhouse as the first permanent appointment as Chief Protector in 1839). The Governor proclaimed that Aboriginal people were "to be considered as much under

442-507: The island, Father John McGrath, who sent a message on the radio saying "An unusually large air formation bearing down on us from the northwest". However, ten US P-40E Kittyhawk fighters were returning to Darwin after aborting a mission to Timor due to bad weather, and the Australian duty officer assumed this was the same formation, and the warning was not acted upon. Bathurst Island has a tropical savanna climate ( Köppen : Aw ) with

468-478: The leases. Before the bombing of Darwin , a Missionary of the Sacred Heart priest, Ed Bennett, saw the approaching Japanese bombers , and urged the resident coastwatcher , John Gribble, to send a warning to Darwin , but Gribble refused. He said it would have to be sent in code , and he did not have the relevant code books. The first wave of 188 Japanese planes was also spotted by another missionary on

494-466: The missions were developed on land granted by the government for this purpose. Around ten missions were established in NSW between 1824 and 1923, although missionaries also visited some managed stations. Many Aboriginal people have adopted the term ‘mission’ or ‘mish’ to refer to reserve settlements and fringe camps generally. Aboriginal stations: Aboriginal stations or ‘managed reserves’ were established by

520-565: The outskirts of towns, on beaches and riverbanks. There are many such places across the state that remain important to Aboriginal people. Since 1983, Local Aboriginal Land Councils have managed land and housing in similar and other settings. See also List of Aboriginal Reserves in New South Wales and List of Aboriginal missions in New South Wales . Several Aboriginal missions , including Point McLeay (1916) and Point Pearce (1915) became Aboriginal reserves, as recommended by

546-771: The safeguard of the law as the Colonists themselves, and equally entitled to the Privileges of British Subjects". Under the Aboriginal Orphans Ordinance 1844 , the Protector was made legal guardian of "every half-caste and other unprotected Aboriginal child whose parents are dead or unknown". Schools and reserves were set up. Despite these attempts at protection, Moorhouse presided over the Rufus River massacre in 1841. The office of Protector

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572-509: The second regarding 10,000 acres (4,000 ha) which was previously allocated as Crown Land under the Northern Territory Tropical Products Act 1904 , for the production of cotton and other tropical crops. The correspondence shows that this was decided to be undesirable from the point of view of the Aboriginal people, both because of the bad influence of white men and the need to import labour to use on

598-508: The ship Arnhem named the island De Speult Eylandt , in honour of Herman van Speult , Governor of Ambon , who had commissioned the voyage of exploration. In 1828, the island was named Bathurst Island by Scottish explorer John Clements Wickham , after the explorer Phillip Parker King 's ship which had explored the area in August 1821. He named the island during a voyage in March 1838 when he

624-641: The whole island was proclaimed an Aboriginal reserve , under the Northern Territory Aboriginals Act 1910 . A series of documents show that previous to the proclamation (published in the Commonwealth Gazette on 18 January 1913), there had been discussion about two parcels of land on the island. One was the allocation of 10,000 acres (4,000 ha) allocated to the Mission, which would continue on annual leases, and

650-497: Was abolished in 1856; within four years, governments had leased 35 of the 42 Aboriginal reserves in South Australia to settlers. In 1839 George Augustus Robinson was appointed the first Chief Protector in what is now Victoria . In the second half of the 19th century, in an attempt to reduce the violence on the frontiers , devastation by disease, and to provide a "humane" environment for Aboriginal people, perceived as

676-667: Was second in command of HMS Beagle in Charles Darwin 's expedition. The ship's name honours Henry Bathurst, 3rd Earl Bathurst , (1762-1834), former British Secretary of State for the Colonies. From 1910 to 1938 the island was the site of the Roman Catholic mission of Francis Xavier Gsell , known as the "Bishop with 150 wives" for his practice of "buying" girls betrothed to older men, thus making it possible for them to marry men of their own age. On 24 December 1912

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