33-602: The Ngaka Modiri Molema District Municipality ( Tswana : Mmasepala wa Sedika wa Ngaka Modiri Molema ), formerly the Central District Municipality , is one of the four districts of the North West province of South Africa . Its capital is Mafikeng , which is also the capital of the province. Ngaka Modiri Molema District has the following neighbours: The district contains the following local municipalities : The following statistics are from
66-432: A described as paternalistic attiude towards women. One such chapter is 'Our Indebtedness to white women', which reflects notions of domesticity prevalent at the time. Nonetheless, challenging this view is The British Newspaper Archive 's digitalisation of 'The International Woman Suffrage News'. In July 1923, a 'Sol Plaatje, Esq' donated 4 shillings and 3 pence towards for the international suffrgate cause. Notably, 1923
99-604: A polyglot . Fluent in at least seven languages, he worked as a court interpreter during the Siege of Mafeking , and translated works of William Shakespeare into Tswana . His talent for language would lead to a career in journalism and writing. He was editor and part-owner of Kuranta ya Becoana ( Bechuana Gazette ) in Mahikeng , and in Kimberley Tsala ya Becoana ( Bechuana Friend ) and Tsala ya Batho ( The Friend of
132-498: A South African intellectual and linguist , was one of the first writers to extensively write in and about the Tswana language. The vowel inventory of Tswana can be seen below. Some dialects have two additional vowels, the close-mid vowels /e/ and /o/ . The circumflex on e and o in general Setswana writing is only encouraged at elementary levels of education and not at upper primary or higher; usually these are written without
165-655: A court interpreter for the British colonial authorities in Mafeking when the settlement was under siege and kept a diary of his experiences which were published posthumously. After the Second Boer War ended, he was optimistic that the British government would ensure that all males in South Africa would continue to be granted qualified franchise, but they instead handed over the majority of political power to
198-575: A larger role in young Plaatje's tutoring. Secondly, Georgiana Solomon and Jane Cobden , interceded on Plaatje's behalf within the So-called Aborigines' Protection Society , to try and win him an audience, which triggered their expulsion. Thirdly, when he was writing "Native Life", Landlady Alice Timerberlake did not chase the cash-strapped Plaatje for rent, allowing him to prioritise raising funds to publish "Native Life". Returning back to Plaatje's donation, Mrs G. M. Solomon appears on
231-617: A letter to the pan-Africanist W. E. B. Du Bois , Lattimore reported that he was having a "successful run" at the Philharmonic Hall in London. The show, which had the character of a revue, included live music and singing. Plaatje was recruited by Lattimore to take the role of an African tribesman. Importantly, according to the SOAS University of London, this short-lived acting reflects a period of Plaatje's life where he
264-573: A post he held for two years. After leaving school, he moved to Kimberley in 1894 where he became a telegraph messenger for the Post Office. He subsequently passed the clerical examination (the highest in the colony) with higher marks than any other candidate in Dutch and typing (reported by Neil Parsons in his foreword to Native Life in South Africa, Before and Since the European War and
297-639: Is closely related to the Northern Sotho and Southern Sotho languages, as well as the Kgalagadi language and the Lozi language . Setswana is an official language of Botswana , South Africa , and Zimbabwe . It is a lingua franca in Botswana and parts of South Africa, particularly North West Province . Tswana speaking ethnic groups are found in more than two provinces of South Africa, primarily in
330-464: The Cape Colony to work for a German missionary, Ernst Westphal (the grandfather of the linguist Ernst Westphal ) and his wife Wilhelmine. There he received a mission-education. When he outpaced fellow learners he was given additional private tuition by Mrs. Westphal, who also taught him to play the piano and violin and gave him singing lessons. In February 1892, aged 15, he became a pupil-teacher,
363-407: The North West , where about four million people speak the language. An urbanised variety is known as Pretoria Sotho , and is the principal unique language of the city of Pretoria . The three South African provinces with the most speakers are Gauteng (circa 11%), Northern Cape , and North West (over 70%). Until 1994, South African Tswana people were notionally citizens of Bophuthatswana , one of
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#1732790272569396-608: The bantustans of the apartheid regime. The Setswana language in the Northwest Province has variations in which it is spoken according to the ethnic groups found in the Tswana culture (Bakgatla, Barolong, Bakwena, Batlhaping, Bahurutshe, Bafokeng, Batlokwa, Bataung, and Batswapong, among others); the written language remains the same. A small number of speakers are also found in Zimbabwe (unknown number) and Namibia (about 10,000 people). The first European to describe
429-528: The dental click /ǀ/ , orthographically ⟨c⟩ ; the lateral click /ǁ/ , orthographically ⟨x⟩ ; and the alveolar click /ǃ/ , orthographically ⟨q⟩ . There are some minor dialectal variations among the consonants between speakers of Tswana. For instance, /χ/ is realised as either /x/ or /h/ by many speakers; /f/ is realised as /h/ in most dialects; and /tɬ/ and /tɬʰ/ are realised as /t/ and /tʰ/ in northern dialects. The consonant /ŋ/ can exist at
462-576: The 2011 census . Election results for Ngaka Modiri Molema District in the South African general election, 2004 . This North West Province location article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Tswana language Tswana , also known by its native name Setswana , and previously spelled Sechuana in English, is a Bantu language spoken in and indigenous to Southern Africa by about 8.2 million people. It
495-606: The Boer Rebellion ). At that time, the Cape Colony had qualified franchise for all men 21 or over, the qualification being that they be able to read and write English or Dutch and earn over 50 pounds a year. Thus, when he turned 21 in 1897, he was able to vote, a right he would later lose when the Cape Colony was merged with other Southern African colonies into the Union of South Africa . Shortly thereafter, he became
528-513: The British missionary Robert Moffat , who had also lived among the Batlhaping , and published Bechuana Spelling Book and A Bechuana Catechism in 1826. In the following years, he published several other books of the Bible , and in 1857, he was able to publish a complete translation of the Bible. The first grammar of Tswana was published in 1833 by the missionary James Archbell although it
561-698: The People ). Plaatje was the first black South African to write a novel in English – Mhudi . He wrote the novel in 1919, but it was only published in 1930 (in 1928 the Zulu writer R. R. R. Dhlomo published an English-language novel, entitled An African Tragedy , at the missionary Lovedale Press, in Alice ; this makes Dhlomo's novel the first published black South African novel in English, even though Plaatje's Mhudi had been written first). He also wrote Native Life in South Africa , which Neil Parsons describes as "one of
594-762: The South African Native National Congress (SANNC), which became the African National Congress (ANC) ten years later in 1922. As a member of an SANNC deputation, he traveled to England to protest against the Natives Land Act, 1913 , and later to Canada and the United States where he met Marcus Garvey and W. E. B. Du Bois . While he grew up speaking the Tswana language , Plaatje would become
627-485: The circumflex. The consonant inventory of Tswana can be seen below. The consonant /d/ is merely an allophone of /l/ , when the latter is followed by the vowels /i/ or /u/ . Two more sounds, v /v/ and z /z/ , exist only in loanwords. Tswana also has three click consonants , but these are only used in interjections or ideophones , and tend only to be used by the older generation, and are therefore falling out of use. The three click consonants are
660-401: The common characteristics of most nouns within their respective classes. Some nouns may be found in several classes. For instance, many class 1 nouns are also found in class 1a, class 3, class 4, and class 5. Sol Plaatje Solomon Tshekisho Plaatje (9 October 1876 – 19 June 1932) was a South African intellectual, journalist, linguist , politician, translator and writer. Plaatje
693-467: The end of a word without being followed by a vowel (as in Jwaneng and Barolong Seboni ). Stress is fixed in Tswana and thus always falls on the penult of a word, although some compounds may receive a secondary stress in the first part of the word. The syllable on which the stress falls is lengthened. Thus, mosadi (woman) is realised as [mʊ̀ˈsáːdì] . Tswana has two tones , high and low, but
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#1732790272569726-565: The language was the German traveller Hinrich Lichtenstein , who lived among the Tswana people Batlhaping in 1806 although his work was not published until 1930. He mistakenly regarded Tswana as a dialect of the Xhosa , and the name that he used for the language "Beetjuana" may also have covered the Northern and Southern Sotho languages . The first major work on Tswana was carried out by
759-463: The latter has a much wider distribution in words than the former. Tones are not marked orthographically , which may lead to ambiguity. An important feature of the tones is the so-called spreading of the high tone. If a syllable bears a high tone, the following two syllables will have high tones unless they are at the end of the word. Tswana orthography is based on the Latin alphabet. The letter š
792-488: The most remarkable books on Africa by one of the continent's most remarkable writers", and Boer War Diary that was first published 40 years after his death. Plaatje made three visits to Britain. There he met many people of similar views. One was the cinema and theatrical impresario George Lattimore who in 1923 was promoting with Pathé , Cradle of the World , the "most marvellous and thrilling travel film ever screened". In
825-484: The new South African government , which restricted voting rights to white South Africans only. Plaatje criticised the British government for this decision in an unpublished 1909 manuscript entitled Sekgoma – the Black Dreyfus. As an activist and politician, he spent much of his life in the struggle for the enfranchisement and liberation of African people. He was a founder member and first General Secretary of
858-516: The piano is believed to be the earliest extant recording of what would become the national anthem of South Africa. Plaatje was a committed Christian, and organised a fellowship group called the Christian Brotherhood at Kimberley. He was married to Elizabeth Lilith M'belle. They had six children – Frederick York St Leger, Halley, Richard, Violet, Olive and Johannes Gutenberg. Plaatje's "Native Life" by some scholars has containing
891-582: The same donation sheet. Plaatje died of pneumonia at Pimville, Johannesburg on 19 June 1932 aged 55, and was buried in Kimberley. Over a thousand people attended the funeral. Decades passed before Plaatje began to receive the recognition he deserved. "Much of what he strove for came to nought," writes his biographer Brian Willan; "his political career was gradually forgotten, his manuscripts were lost or destroyed, his published books largely unread. His novel Mhudi formed part of no literary tradition, and
924-492: The sixth of eight sons. His grandfather's name was Selogilwe Mogodi (1836-1881) but his employer, the Boer farmer Groenewald, nicknamed him Plaatje ('Picture') in 1856 and the family started using this as a surname. His parents Johannes and Martha were members of the Tswana nation. They were Christians and worked for missionaries at mission stations in South Africa. When Solomon was four, the family moved to Pniel near Kimberley in
957-613: Was "desperately in need of money". Considering "Cradle of the World" and its simplistic depictions of indigenous culture, it is likely that Plaatje only would have participated if he desperately needed too. Plaatje, descended from the BaRong people of the Tswana-speaking nation; but was born and raised in a Lutheran Mission within the Orange Free State. His recording of " Nkosi Sikelel' iAfrika " with Sylvia Colenso at
990-682: Was a founding member and first General Secretary of the South African Native National Congress (SANNC), which became the African National Congress (ANC). The Sol Plaatje Local Municipality , which includes the city of Kimberley , is named after him, as is the Sol Plaatje University in that city, which opened its doors in 2014. Plaatje was born in Doornfontein near Boshof , Orange Free State (now Free State Province , South Africa),
1023-477: Was a particularly bad time financially, yet Plaatje made this donation. While it is not clear why he made this donation, it does raise a few important questions regarding the tone in which "Our Indebtedness to White Women" forms. What is clear is that white Women played various but important roles in his life. Firstly, Mrs Wilhelmine Westphal, who, upon her husband's increasing role in the Mission's governance, took
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1056-418: Was introduced in 1937, but the corresponding sound is still sometimes written as ⟨sh⟩. The letters ⟨ê⟩ and ⟨ô⟩ are used in textbooks and language reference books, but not so much in daily standard writing. Nouns in Tswana are grouped into nine noun classes and one subclass, each having different prefixes . The nine classes and their respective prefixes can be seen below, along with a short note regarding
1089-531: Was modelled on a Xhosa grammar. The first grammar of Tswana which regarded it as a separate language from Xhosa (but still not as a separate language from the Northern and Southern Sotho languages) was published by the French missionary, E. Casalis in 1841. He changed his mind later, and in a publication from 1882, he noted that the Northern and Southern Sotho languages were distinct from Tswana. Solomon Plaatje ,
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