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62-613: The Nigerian Medical Association ( NMA ) is the professional association of Nigerian medical doctors. The NMA has more than 35,000 members from 36 state branches and Abuja, including those registered in the diaspora . The NMA was established in 1951 and has its headquarters in Abuja , and over 30 state branch offices throughout Nigeria . NMA's membership spans all six major specialties of Internal Medicine , Surgery , Obstetrics and Gynaecology , Paediatrics , Public Health and Laboratory Medicine / Pathology . The Incumbent President of

124-454: A 2012 book, arguing that traditional projections insufficiently take into account the downward impact of global urbanization on fertility. Randers' "most likely scenario" predicted a peak in world population in the early 2040s at about 8.1 billion people, followed by decline. In 2012, the UN changed its prediction to the effect that no maximum would likely be reached in the 21st century, and that by

186-455: A below-replacement level of 1.8 by 2100. Between now (2020) and 2100, regions with TFR currently below this rate, for example Europe, will see TFR rise. Regions with TFR above this rate will see TFR continue to decline. Other organizations have published different forecasts. Other assumptions can produce other results. Some of the authors of the 2004 UN report assumed that life expectancy would rise slowly and continuously. The projections in

248-553: A continent other than Africa. There are 100,000 people from the United States, 75,000 are from Lebanon , 60,000 are from China and 16,000 are from the United Kingdom. Nigeria has a young population overall, with 42.54% of inhabitants between the ages of 0–14. There is also a very high dependency ratio at 88.2 dependents per 100 non-dependents. The three main religious groups are Muslims (estimated to be 53.5% of

310-474: A divide that has deepened with time. Nigeria is home to a substantial network of organised crime , active especially in drug trafficking. Nigerian criminal groups are heavily involved in drug trafficking, shipping heroin from Asian countries to Europe and America; and cocaine from South America to Europe and South Africa. The various Nigerian confraternities or "campus cults" are active in both organised crime and in political violence as well as providing

372-812: A network of corruption within Nigeria. As confraternities have extensive connections with political and military figures, they offer excellent alumni networking opportunities. The Supreme Vikings Confraternity, for example, boasts that twelve members of the Rivers State House of Assembly are cult members. On lower levels of society, there are the " area boys ", these are organised gangs mostly active in Lagos who specialise in mugging and small-scale drug dealing. According to official statistics, gang violence in Lagos resulted in 273 civilians and 84 policemen killed in

434-457: A respiratory illness caused by the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) is occurring throughout Nigeria; as of 6 June 2022, Nigeria has reported a total of 256,148 cases of COVID-19 or 124.3 cumulative cases of COVID-19 per 100,000 population with a total of 3,148 cumulative deaths or a rate of 1.5 cumulative death per 100,000 population; as of 22 May 2022, 12.97% of the population has received at least one dose of COVID-19 vaccine. Note 3: on 21 March 2022,

496-665: A result of northern and southern Nigeria being in different stages of demographic transition. The Muslim-dominated north is in an earlier stage of the demographic transition with much higher fertility rates than the south, whose split Christian/Muslim population is further along in the transition, and whose fertility rates are declining. Decreasing fertility can be linked to more access to education, use of contraceptives, and differing beliefs regarding family planning. The 1999 introduction of Sharia law in twelve northern Nigerian states led to massive violence and unrest and caused an ethnic and religious rift between Sharia and Non-Sharia states,

558-590: A result." The table below shows that from 2020 to 2050 and beyond to 2100, the bulk of the world's population growth is projected to take place in Africa . Of the additional 1.9 billion people projected between 2020 and 2050, 1.2 billion will be added in Africa, 0.7 billion in Asia and zero in the rest of the world. Africa's share of global population is projected to grow from 17% in 2020 to 25% in 2050 and 38% by 2100, while

620-552: A significant effect on population change. Global south–south migration accounts for 38% of total migration, and global south–north for 34%. For example, the United Nations reports that during the period 2010–2020, fourteen countries will have seen a net inflow of more than one million migrants, while ten countries will have seen a net outflow of similar proportions. The largest migratory outflows have been in response to demand for workers in other countries (Bangladesh, Nepal, and

682-589: A steadily decreasing rate, to peak at 10.4 billion in 2086, and then to start a slow decline to about 10.3 billion in 2100 with a growth rate at that time of -0.1%. This projected growth of population, like all others, depends on assumptions about vital rates. For example, the chart below shows that the UN Population Division assumes that Total fertility rate (TFR), which has been steadily declining since 1963, will continue to decline, at varying paces depending on circumstances in individual regions, to

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744-827: Is a large degree of population momentum , with 3.2 per cent growth leading to the projected population of 546 million by 2100. The federal government has not elected to implement the type of controversial family planning programs that have reduced population growth of other developing nations, a result of low political support for these programs and a cultural preference for large families as well as high levels of social instability. Rising educational levels and health care improvements may enable future parents to plan for smaller families. The former Nigeria's chairman of National Population Commission , Eze Duruiheoma, delivering Nigeria's statement in New York City on sustainable cities , human mobility and international migration in

806-663: Is also pervaded by political corruption . It is ranked 136 out of 168 countries in Transparency International 's 2015 Corruption Perceptions Index . World Population Prospects The 2022 projections from the United Nations Population Division (chart #1) show that annual world population growth peaked at 2.3% per year in 1963, has since dropped to 0.9% in 2023, equivalent to about 74 million people each year, and could drop even further to minus 0.1% by 2100. Based on this,

868-401: Is also one of the most densely populated countries in Africa , with approximately 218.5 million people in an area of 923,768 km (356,669 sq mi). 54.3% of Nigerians are urban dwellers, with the annual rate of urbanisation being estimated at 3.92%. Nigeria is home to 371 ethnic groups speaking over 500 languages and the variety of customs and traditions among them gives

930-443: Is expected to keep rising to reach 77 years in 2045–2050 and 83 years in 2095–2100. In the more developed regions, the projected increase is from 76 years during the period 2000–2005 to 84 years during the period 2045–2050 and 90 in 2095–2100. Among the less developed countries, where life expectancy during the period 2000–2005 was just under 66 years, it is expected to be 76 years in 2045–2050 and 81 years by 2100. Migration can have

992-399: Is high, demographers generally assume that fertility will decline and eventually stabilize at about two children per woman. During the period 2015–2020, the average world fertility rate was 2.5 children per woman, about half the level in 1950–1955 (5 children per woman). In the medium variant, global fertility is projected to decline further to 2.2 in 2045–2050 and to 1.8 in 2095–2100. If

1054-482: Is widespread. Hausa , Igbo and Yoruba are the most widely used Nigerian languages. Nigerian Pidgin is used widely as an unofficial medium of communication, especially in the Nigerian cities of Warri , Sapele , Ughelli , Benin , and Port Harcourt . Nigeria's population has been increasing rapidly for at least the last 5 decades due to very high birth rates, quadrupling its population during this time. Growth

1116-450: The Yorùbá people and their Òrìṣà religion known as Ẹ̀sìn Òrìṣà Ìbílẹ̀ in the Yorùbá language . According to a 2009 Pew survey, 50.4% of Nigeria's population were Muslims . A later Pew study in 2011 calculated that Christians now formed 50.8% of the population. Adherents of other religions made up 1% of the population. The shift of population balance between Muslims and Christians is

1178-475: The demographic transition may reverse itself and global population may continue to grow in the long term. In addition, recent evidence suggests birth rates may be rising in the 21st century in the developed world. Some researchers, such as Jane N. O'Sullivan, contend that many recent population projections have underestimated population growth. She notes that in the last decades, "support for family planning has waned, and global fertility decline has decelerated as

1240-482: The mortality rate is relatively high and the resulting life expectancy is therefore relatively low, changes in mortality can have a material impact on population growth. When the mortality rate is low and life expectancy has therefore risen, a change in mortality has much less of an effect. Because child mortality has declined substantially over the last several decades, global life expectancy at birth, has risen from 48 years in 1950–1955 to 67 years in 2000–2005,

1302-450: The 1950s that world population would reach a peak of about nine billion in the 21st century and then stop growing after an improvement in public health in less developed countries . In 1992, the United Nations published five projections of long-term world population growth. According to their medium projection, the world population would grow to 10.0 billion by 2050, 11.2 billion by 2100, and 11.5 billion by 2150. Estimates published in

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1364-436: The 2022 report lowers that to 546 million, a reduction of 368 million; the 2024 report lowered that further to 477 million, a reduction of 69 million. Jose Rimon of Johns Hopkins University suggested, "We have been underestimating what is happening in terms of fertility change in Africa. Africa will probably undergo the same kind of rapid changes as east Asia did." The population of a country or area grows or declines through

1426-438: The 3rd most populous country in the world. In 2100, the population of Nigeria may reach 541 million. While the overall population is expected to increase, the growth rate is estimated to decrease from 1.2 per cent per year in 2010 to 0.4 per cent per year in 2050. The birth rate is also projected to decrease from 20.7 to 13.7, while the death rate is projected to increase from 8.5 in 2010 to 9.8 in 2050. By 2050, 69.6% of

1488-513: The 51st session of Commission on Population and Development, said that "Nigeria remains the most populous in Africa, the seventh globally with an estimated population of over 198 million. The World Population Prospects predicts that by 2050, Nigeria will become the third most populated country in the world. Over the last 50 years, Nigeria's urban population has grown at an average annual growth rate of more than 6.5% without commensurate increases in social amenities and infrastructure." He also stated that

1550-540: The Americas with the other 600,000 being sent to other destinations via the trans-Saharan, Red Sea and Indian Ocean routes. This is due to the fact that the land now known as Nigeria was a central point for 4 slave trades during the 19th century. Though bondage represented a great deal, an estimated 30,000 Nigerian inhabitants would relocate to Kano City and Gambia to take advantage of financial opportunities afforded by fertile land and available natural resources. What's more,

1612-606: The More Developed regions is slated to remain mostly unchanged, at 1.2-1.3 billion for the remainder of the 21st century. All population growth comes from the Less Developed regions. The table below breaks out the UN's future population growth predictions by region (%/yr) (%/yr) (%/yr) The UN projects that between 2020 and 2100 there will be declines in population growth in all six regions, that by 2100 three of them will be undergoing population decline, and

1674-455: The NMA is Professor Bala Mohammed AUDU, A professor of Obstetrics and Gynaecology and the current Vice Chancellor of Federal University of Health Sciences Azare (FUHSA). According to experts, about 45% of Nigerian doctors practice in urban areas where only 55% of the population lives. This creates an unbalanced doctor-patient ratio which is one of the challenges of the Nigerian health system that

1736-569: The Nigerian Ministry of Health reporting cases of the disease in multiple states (Bauchi, Benue, Delta, Ebonyi, and Enugu); the CDC recommends travellers going to Nigeria should receive vaccination against yellow fever at least 10 days before travel and should take steps to prevent mosquito bites while there; those never vaccinated against yellow fever should avoid travel to Nigeria during the outbreak. Note 2: widespread ongoing transmission of

1798-500: The Philippines) or to insecurity in the home country (Myanmar, Syria, and Venezuela). Belarus, Estonia, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Japan, Russia, Serbia, and Ukraine have experienced a net inflow of migrants over the decade, helping to offset population losses caused by a negative natural increase (births minus deaths). This section describes near-term population changes, up to the year 2050, and long-term population changes, out to

1860-409: The UN projected that the world population, 8 billion as of 2023 , would peak around the year 2086 at about 10.4 billion, and then start a slow decline, assuming a continuing decrease in the global average fertility rate from 2.5 births per woman during the 2015–2020 period to 1.8 by the year 2100 (the medium-variant projection). The UN’s 2024 report has revised the peak population to 10.3 billion in

1922-604: The US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) issued a Travel Alert for polio in Africa; Nigeria is currently considered a high risk to travellers for circulating vaccine-derived polioviruses (cVDPV); vaccine-derived poliovirus (VDPV) is a strain of the weakened poliovirus that was initially included in oral polio vaccine (OPV) and that has changed over time and behaves more like the wild or naturally occurring virus; this means it can be spread more easily to people who are unvaccinated against polio and who come in contact with

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1984-545: The United Kingdom (500,000–3,000,000) and the United States (600,000–1,000,000 Nigerians), other countries that followed closely are South Africa, Gambia , and Canada respectively. There are also large groups in Ireland, Portugal and many other countries. Inspiration for emigration is based heavily on socio-economical issues such as warfare, insecurity, economical instability and civil unrest. Between 1400 and 1900, of 1.4 million of 2 million emigrants were slaves sent to

2046-598: The World Population Review. The following demographic statistics are from The World Factbook , unless otherwise indicated. Note 1: on 30 September 2021, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention issued a Travel Health Notice for a Yellow Fever outbreak in Nigeria; a large, ongoing outbreak of yellow fever in Nigeria began in September 2017; the outbreak is now spread throughout the country with

2108-536: The association and the Federal Government are trying to address. The National Executive Council (NEC) is the governing body of the NMA and has full powers to act on its behalf in the period between at the Annual Delegates' Meetings and also make policy decisions. Nigerian diaspora Nigeria is the most populous country in Africa and the sixth most populous in the world . It

2170-529: The country great cultural diversity. Three largest ethnic groups, namely the Hausa , Yorubas , and Igbos constitute more than 60% of the population. The Ijaw , Efik , Ibibio , Annang , Ogoni , Tiv , Urhobo-Isoko , Edo and Itsekiri are some of the other sizeable ethnic groups. Over 1.2 million people living in Nigeria (0.5% of its total population, or 1 in every 200 people living in Nigeria) are from

2232-541: The early 2000s tended to predict that the population of Earth would stop increasing around 2070. For example in a 2004 long-term prospective report, the United Nations Population Division projected that world population would peak at 9.2 billion in 2075 and then stabilize at a value close to 9 billion out to as far as the year 2300. Jørgen Randers , one of the authors of the seminal 1972 long-term simulations in The Limits to Growth , offered an alternative scenario in

2294-417: The full, routine polio vaccine series receive a single, lifetime booster dose of polio vaccine. Definition: age 15 and over can read and write Nigeria is Africa's most populous country. Significant population clusters are scattered throughout the country, with the highest density areas being in the south and southwest. Today millions of ethnic Nigerians live abroad, the largest communities can be found in

2356-441: The future, forecasts of global population numbers and growth rates have changed over time. In 1831, president of Yale college Jeremiah Day included a United States population estimate as an example of an exponential equation . After stating that the 1820 population of the United States was 9,625,000, the projected 2020 population would be 2,464,000,000 (supposing it to double once every 25 years). Walter Greiling projected in

2418-416: The global population will continue to grow, although at a steadily slower rate, until the mid 2080s (the median line). The main driver of long-term future population growth on this planet is projected to be the continuing evolution of fertility and mortality . Projections of global human population are generally based on birth rates and death rates, and since these are difficult to predict very far into

2480-434: The growth will come from just eight countries, five of which are in Africa. The UN predicts that the population of sub-Saharan Africa will double by 2050. The Pew Research Center observes that 50% of births in the year 2100 will be in Africa. Other organizations project lower levels of population growth in Africa, based particularly on improvement in women's education and successful implementation of family planning. During

2542-502: The inhabitants of Cameroon as likely to be oil smugglers or dealers in stolen cars. In the Netherlands , the debate on Nigerian crime reached an intensity described as a " moral panic " by one scholar. In Switzerland , the crime rate of Nigerian young males was reported as 620% that of Swiss males in same age group (2009 data), the second highest crime rate of any nationality, just below that of Angolan nationals (at 630%). Nigeria

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2604-411: The interaction of three demographic drivers: fertility, mortality, and migration. Fertility is expressed as the total fertility rate (TFR), a measure of the number of children on average that a woman will bear in her lifetime. With longevity trending towards uniform and stable values worldwide, the main driver of future population growth will be the evolution of the fertility rate. Where fertility

2666-477: The northern, central and south-western states of the country, while Christians dominate in some central states (especially Plateau and Benue states), and the south-east and south-south regions. Other religions practised in Nigeria include African Traditional Religion , Hinduism , Baháʼí Faith , Judaism, The Grail Movement , and the Reformed Ògbóni Fraternity, one of the traditional socio-religious institutions of

2728-586: The period of August 2000 to May 2001. "The result of factors such as endemic local corruption, which facilitates illicit trafficking ; the Nigerian Civil War , which contributed to a proliferation of firearms; the oil boom of the 1970s, which led to the embezzlement of public funds; and the economic crisis of the 1980s, which was accompanied by a rise in robberies. The expansion of the Nigerian diaspora and organized crime went hand in hand. Global migration boosted prostitution, drug trafficking and fraud,

2790-821: The population "grew substantially from 17.3% in 1967 to 49.4% in 2017." According to the World Bank Open Data the population of Nigeria was 218 541 212 in 2023, a roughly fourfold increase in a span of 50 years. Population by sex and age group (Census 21.III.2006) Population by age group (estimates 1.VII.2016) (Data are projections based on the 2006 Population Census.) Population by age group (estimates 1.VII.2020) (Source: National Population Commission.) Total fertility rate (TFR) (Wanted TFR) and crude birth rate (CBR): Fertility data as of 2013 (DHS Program): Source: Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) ∗ MICS surveys Contraceptive prevalence , any methods (% of women ages 15–49) ∗ UNICEFs state of

2852-466: The population growth rate will lead to a population peak of 10.4 billion in the 2080s, after which it would then begin to slowly fall. This shift from earlier projections of peak population and predicted date of zero population growth comes from a more rapid drop in Africa's birth rate than previous projections had expected. For example, the 2012 report predicted that the population of Nigeria, Africa's most populous country, would rise to 914 million by 2100;

2914-405: The population is estimated to be living in urban areas compared to 50.6% in 2010. Registration of vital events in Nigeria is not complete. The Population Department of the United Nations prepared the following estimates ( UN World Population Prospects 2022 ). Life expectancy from 1950 to 2015 ( UN World Population Prospects ): The following demographic statistics of Nigeria in 2022 are from

2976-584: The presence of gold mines and rail lines along the Gold Coast, present-day Ghana, attracted an estimated 6,500 Nigerian citizens to attain financial gain and opportunity. The population of Nigerians in Ghana rose to roughly 149,000 before the 1969 alien expulsion order would displace nearly the entire population to surrounding countries. Nigeria is nearly equally divided between Islam and Christianity. The majority of Nigerian Muslims are Sunni and mostly live in

3038-662: The rankings will change between now and the end of this century. From 2024 to 2050, the eight highlighted countries are expected to account for about half of the world's projected population increase: India , Nigeria , the Democratic Republic of the Congo , Pakistan , Ethiopia , Tanzania , Egypt , and Indonesia . Large urban areas are hubs of economic development and innovation, with larger cities underpinning regional economies and local and global sustainability initiatives. Currently, 757 million humans live in

3100-487: The remainder of this century, some countries will see population growth and some will see population decline. For example, the UN projects that Nigeria will gain about 340 million people, about the present population of the US, to become the third most populous country, and China will lose almost half of its population. Even though the global fertility rate continues to fall, chart #2 shows that because of population momentum

3162-653: The report assume this with no upper limit, though at a slowing pace depending on circumstances in individual countries. By 2100, the report assumed life expectancy to be from 66 to 97 years, and by 2300 from 87 to 106 years, depending on the country. Based on that assumption, they expect that rising life expectancy will produce small but continuing population growth by the end of the projections, ranging from 0.03 to 0.07 percent annually. The hypothetical feasibility (and wide availability) of life extension by technological means would further contribute to long term (beyond 2100) population growth. Evolutionary biology also suggests

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3224-588: The share of Asia will fall from 60% in 2020 to 55% in 2050 and 45% in 2100. The strong growth of the African population will happen regardless of the rate of decrease of fertility, because of the high proportion of young people already living today, who are in, or approaching, their fertile years . For example, the UN projects that the population of Nigeria will surpass that of the United States by about 2050. (bn) 2020–2100 (bn) The population of

3286-409: The stool or respiratory secretions, such as from a sneeze, of an “infected” person who received oral polio vaccine; the CDC recommends that before any international travel, anyone unvaccinated, incompletely vaccinated, or with an unknown polio vaccination status should complete the routine polio vaccine series; before travel to any high-risk destination, CDC recommends that adults who previously completed

3348-643: The three main activities of Nigerian syndicates. The smuggling of Nigerian sex workers became a whole industry that now extends from Switzerland to France and Italy (where black prostitutes are called "fireflies"), and has even reached the Prudish Kingdom of Saudi Arabia , from which 1,000 women are said to be deported every month by the authorities." The high crime rate among Nigerian migrants also leads to stereotyping Nigerians as criminals; thus, in Cameroon, Nigerian migrants are perceived collectively by

3410-598: The total population), Christians (estimated at 45.9%), and adherents of indigenous religions (estimated at 0.6%). The predominantly Christian Igbo are found in the south-east. Roman Catholicism is the largest Christian denomination in Igboland , but Anglicanism is also strong, as are Pentecostalism and other Evangelical denominations. Persons of different ethnic backgrounds most commonly communicate in English, although knowledge of two or more Nigerian languages

3472-435: The world will have entered a period of global population decline. The UN Population Division has calculated the future population of the world's countries, based on current demographic trends. The UN's 2024 report projects world population to be 8.1 billion in 2024, about 9.6 billion in 2050, and about 10.2 billion in 2100. The following table shows the largest 15 countries by population as of 2024, 2050 and 2100 to show how

3534-399: The world's population would reach about 10.9 billion in 2100 and continue growing thereafter. In 2017 the UN predicted that global population would reach 11.2 billion by 2100 and still be growing then at the rate of 0.1% per year. The 2022 revision of the UN's World Population Prospects report represents a departure from the pattern of the previous ten years and expects that a slowing of

3596-477: The worlds children and child info, United Nations population divisions world contraceptive use, household surveys including demographic and health surveys and multiple indicator cluster surveys. The total population in sub-Saharan Africa is projected to increase to almost one billion people, making it the most populated region outside of South-Central Asia. According to the United Nations, the population of Nigeria will reach 375 million by 2050. Nigeria might then be

3658-608: The year 2084. However, estimates outside of the United Nations have put forward alternative models based on additional downward pressure on fertility (such as successful implementation of education and family planning goals in the UN's Sustainable Development Goals ) which could result in peak population during the 2060–2070 period rather than later. According to the UN, all of the predicted growth in world population between 2020 and 2050 will come from less developed countries and more than half will come from sub-Saharan Africa . Half of

3720-447: The year 2100 world population would increase to somewhere in the range 9.6 to 12.3 billion with 10.9 billion being the midpoint of that range. The main reason for the revision was a recognition that the high fertility rate in Africa was not declining as fast as had been previously assumed. Another 2014 paper by demographers from several universities, using data from the UN's 2014 report and their own statistical methods, forecast that

3782-581: The year 2100. The median scenario of the UN's 2022 World Population Prospects predicts the following populations by region in 2050 compared to population in 2000 and shows the differing growth rates for each over the first half of this century. Projections of population beyond the year 2050 tend to vary depending on the organization making them because each make their own assumptions of the drivers of population change: fertility, mortality and migration. The UN Population Division report of 2022 projects world population to continue growing after 2050, although at

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3844-570: Was fastest in the 1980s, after child mortality dropped rapidly. It has slowed slightly since then as both the birth rate and total fertility, rate have declined marginally since a 1978 peak. According to the 2017 revision of the World Population Prospects the total population was 257,541,212 in 2016, compared to only 88,992,220 in 1950. The proportion of children under the age of 15 in 2010 was 44.0%, 53.2% were between 15 and 65 years of age, while 2.7% were 65 years or older. There

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