Misplaced Pages

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65-598: The city of Zaranj serves as the provincial capital and Zaranj Airport , which is located in that city, serves as a domestic airport for the province. The recently-built Kamal Khan Dam is located in Chahar Burjak District . The name Nimruz means "mid-day" or "half-day" in Persian Language and Balochi . The name is believed to indicate that the meridian cutting the old world in half passes through this region. Nimruz covers 43,000 km. It

130-549: A Border Roads Organisation driver and four ITBP soldiers, and 129 Afghans were killed in these attacks. The province has been one of the 7 ( Nimruz , Helmand , Kandahar , Uruzgan , Ghazni , Paktika and Zabul ) where the Taliban have been recently regrouping. On 14 August 2012 dozens of civilians were killed in Zaranj by several suicide-bombers in a major terrorist attack on the city. Due to Zaranj's close proximity to Iran,

195-487: A Staff Element under Headquarters ISAF in September 2014. CJ7 further reduced numbers as ISAF transitioned into Resolute Support. A shield-shaped embroidered device 3 + 3 ⁄ 4 inches (9.5 cm) in height and 2 inches (5.1 cm) in width within a 1 ⁄ 8 inch (0.32 cm) yellow border blazoned: Per quarter Azure and Celeste, with a fillet cross couped to base surmounted by an annulet charged with

260-490: A Weapons Training Manual for Fire Arms Instructors, and a Field Training Officers (FTO) Manual. These projects are to provide needed police doctrine while their production will enable the MoI to develop a fully functional doctrine section. Basic literacy remains a significant issue due to the low literacy rate of the adult. Literacy is required for advancement/promotion beyond Patrolman rank for all ANP organizations; English literacy

325-488: A base for further caliphal expansion in the region. In 661, a small Arab garrison reestablished its authority in the region after having temporarily lost control due to skirmishes and revolts. A Nestorian Christian community is recorded in Zaranj in the sixth century, and by the end of the eighth century there was a Jacobite diocese of Zaranj. In the 9th century Zaranj was the capital of the Saffarid dynasty , whose founder

390-562: A comprehensive three level training that will be used within the ANP units. The contract will include a complete train the trainer program to stand-up and train all CIED teams within the ANP and a team for the EOD School. Train-the-Trainer approach will allow reduction in mentors beginning in FY10. Combat medic training supports the ongoing operations, continuing development, and future expansion of

455-524: A polestar Argent. The polestar is faceted with the opposing facets in fess of the first and the opposing facets in pale of the second. Attached to the top are two Oriental Blue scrolls bordered Yellow, the top is inscribed "NTM-A" and the scroll below is inscribed "NATO-OTAN" in Black letters. The blue and white are NATO colors and the polestar is the NATO emblem. NATO is North Atlantic Treaty Organization and OTAN

520-611: A potential site in northwestern Kabul. Eventually all initial officer training (to include the NMAA) as well as the CGSC will be re-located to the new NDU facility. Individual basic training is conducted primarily by Afghan army instructors and staff at ANATC's Kabul Military Training Center, situated on the eastern edge of the capital. The Afghan armed forces are still supported, however, with various levels of CSTC-A oversight, mentorship, and assistance. The United States armed forces assist in

585-453: A skilled birth attendant increased from 7% in 2005 to 28% in 2011. The overall literacy rate (6+ years of age) increased from 22% in 2005 to 23% in 2011. The overall net enrolment rate (6–13 years of age) increased from 33% in 2005 to 49% in 2011. As of June 2014 Zaranj Airport which is located near the city of Zaranj had regularly scheduled flights to Herat . The Delaram–Zaranj Highway has been constructed by India via Chaknasur, which

650-465: A symbol of India's developmental work in the war-ravaged country, was handed over to Afghan authorities by Indian External Affairs Minister Pranab Mukherjee in January 2009 in the presence of Afghan President Hamid Karzai and Foreign Minister Rangeen Dadfar Spanta . "Completion of the road reflects the determination of both India and Afghanistan that nothing can prevent or hinder collaboration between

715-432: A variety of military professions. NMAA's first cadet class entered its second academic year in spring 2006. The Command and General Staff College, located in southern Kabul, prepares mid-level ANA officers to serve on brigade and corps staffs. France established the CGSC in early 2004, and a cadre of French Army instructors continues to oversee operations at the school. A National Defense University will also be established at

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780-620: Is Organisation du traité de l'Atlantique Nord which is NATO in French. The addition of the darker blue quartering signifies the Afghanistan national treasure of lapis lazuli gems. The yellow border along with the polestar and the annulet signifies the excellence in the Coalition and Joint Forces. The shoulder sleeve insignia was approved on 3 November 2010. A silver color metal and enamel device 2 inches (5.1 cm) in height consisting of

845-614: Is a rare event. On 27 Nov 2016, it snowed in this city. According to the Ministry of Rural Rehabilitation and Development (MRRD) along with UNHCR and Central Statistics Office (CSO) of Afghanistan, the population of Zaranj was around 49,851 in 2004. The ethnic groups are as follows: Baloch 44%, Pashtun 34% and Tajik 22%. The city of Zaranj has a population of 160,902 people. There are 17,878 residential dwellings in Zarat and 1,759 hectares of agricultural land. Commercial land use

910-645: Is also being improved by the United States. US Marines assigned to 3rd Marine Aircraft Wing have been visiting Zaranj since US Marine Base Forward Operating Base Delaram was built in Delaram district of Zaranj. The 3rd Marine Aircraft Wing built two concrete helicopter landing zones on western side of the gravel runway of Zaranj Airport to ease the landing of USMC V-22 Osprey helicopters from 3rd Battalion 4th Marines . The helipads now serve all helicopters landing at Zaranj airport. On 6 August 2021, it

975-990: Is clustered on the main road to Iran. The Delaram–Zaranj Highway , also known as Route 606 , is a 217-km or 135-mile-long two-lane road built by India in Afghanistan , connecting Delaram in Farah Province with Zaranj in neighbouring Nimruz Province near the Iranian border. It connects the Afghan–Iranian border with the Kandahar–Herat Highway in Delaram, which provides connectivity to other major Afghan cities via A01 , including to India's planned mining operation in Hajigak mining concession . Route 606 reduces travel time between Delaram and Zaranj from

1040-466: Is expected to boost the socio economic development in the region. Trade, farming, and herding is the main source of income for the majority. This includes agriculture and animal husbandry. Animals include sheep, goat, cattle, and poultry. The province produces the following: Wheat, corn, melons, poppies; almost all irrigated. Nimruz has always been isolated the past. This led to one author in 2010 calling it Afghanistan's "forgotten province." Historically,

1105-559: Is involved, in one way or another, in the smuggling business". As described in the paper, "Zaranj is lively. Newcomers buy kebabs from street vendors, peruse shops and sit around plastic tables, eager to learn more about the grueling journey ahead". Zaranj has a hot desert climate ( Köppen climate classification BWh ) with very hot summers and cool winters. Precipitation is very low, and mostly falls in winter. Temperatures in summer may approach 50 °C (122 °F). Snowfall in Zaranj

1170-572: Is located to the west of Zaranj, on the Afghanistan–Iran border . It is one of three important trade-routes that connect Central Asia , East Asia and South Asia with the Middle East . Zaranj Airport is located some 13 miles (21 km) to the east of the city. The history of Zaranj dates back over 2500 years and Ya'qub ibn al-Layth al-Saffar , founder of the Saffarid dynasty , was born in this old civilization. Modern Zaranj bears

1235-613: Is one of the main trade routes in the country and is expected to boost the socio-economic development in the province. Since 2002, members of the U.S. Marine Corps were present in the province. When the International Security Assistance Force (ISAF) arrived at Kandahar , Nimruz province became part of the Regional Command Southwest . The local Afghan National Security Forces (ANSF) were being trained by these forces. ISAF

1300-619: Is the most sparsely populated province in the country, located in the Sistan Basin . A substantial part of the province is the barren desert area of Dasht-e Margo . In 2021, the Taliban gained control of the province during the 2021 Taliban offensive . The name Zaranj was derived from Persian word "Zranka" and is considered to be one of the oldest cities in Nimruz Province. The area now composing Nimruz province of Afghanistan

1365-1360: Is vitally important for senior ANP force leadership and bringing ANP organizations up to international standards. Initiates Dari/Pashto and Low Intensity English Literacy programs in each Regional/Zones beginning at Regional Command locations (Jalalabad, Gardez, Kandahar, Herat, and Mazar-e-Sharif). Germans German Police Training Center at Mazar-e-Sharif, Balkh Province (400 capacity) Turkey Turkish Police Training Center, Wardak Province (50 capacity) Czech Republic Czech Police Training Center, Logar Province (90 capacity) Italy Italian Carabinieri run Adraskan National Training Center, Herat Province (800 capacity) United Kingdom British run Helmand Police Training Center, Helmand Province (150 capacity) Canada Canadian run TSS Costall, Kandahar Province (200 capacity) The Canadians also run FOB Walton, Kandahar Province (200 capacity) New Zealand Kiwi run Crime Scene Investigator school at RTC Bamiyan, Bamiyan Province (72 capacity) France Gendarmerie initiative to run RLC Mazar-e-Sharif, Balkh Province (300 capacity); and Gendarmerie execution by 5 December 2009 for NCO to Officer (OCS) schooling Netherlands Dutch built, U.S. run TSS Tarin Kwot, Uruzgan Province (150 capacity) In 2012, according to NATO, 51 coalition service members died due to

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1430-733: The Afghan National Security Forces (ANSF), develops leaders, and establishes enduring institutional capacity in order to enable accountable Afghan-led security." This reflected the Afghan government 's policing priorities and complemented existing training and capacity development programs, including the European Union Police Mission and the work of the International Police Coordination Board . During

1495-528: The Afghan National Security Forces (ANSF). NTM-A, joined with CSTC-A on 21 November 2009 to create a comprehensive training program for Afghanistan, and a few days later NATO obtained commitments from allies for personnel and resources to train, mentor and equip the ANSF. The mission of NTM-A was to oversee higher level training for the Afghan National Army (ANA) and training and mentoring for

1560-419: The International Security Assistance Force (ISAF) have been visiting Zaranj city. The US Marines and other U.S. officials are involved with the Afghan government in major development projects. This includes improvement made to the irrigation network of the city, building of Afghan military and Afghan National Police barracks as well as a hospital and a school. The city is served by Zaranj Airport , which

1625-574: The 1960s to the early 1990s, the Afghan army was trained and equipped by the Soviet Union . By 1992 it fragmented into regional militias under local warlords. This was followed by the rule of the Taliban in 1996. After the removal of the Taliban in late 2001, the new Afghan armed forces were formed with the support of the United States and other NATO countries. From 2009, all training for

1690-740: The AIU conducts counternarcotic and ANP logistics missions across Afghanistan. All these various efforts are managed on the Coalition side by a one-star level multi-national command headquartered at the Kabul International Airport (where the AAF is headquartered). The Afghan National Police (ANP) program is the police part of the ANSF. The ANP will continue growing to a 160,000 police force comprising Afghan Border Police , Uniform Police, Afghan National Civil Order Police (ANCOP), Counter Narcotics Police, and Afghan Local Police (ALP). In 2009

1755-740: The ANA, is managed and implemented by the Afghan National Army Training Command (ANATC) formed in 2005, a two-star command which reports directly to the Chief of the General Staff. The Kabul Military Training Center (KMTC) and six regional military training centres (RMTCs) as well as a number of specialist training schools are all under ANATC HQ. The coalition forces are partnered with the ANA to mentor and support formal training through Task Force Phoenix . This program

1820-538: The ANP Kabul Clinic, 4 Regional Clinics, and various other mini-clinics throughout the ANP area of responsibility. Provides for attendance and training at the FBI Academy's Law Enforcement Executive Development Course, Police Partnership Training events and Passport Processing/Customs Training events. Preventive Medicine training sustains the long-term conservation platforms for the operating strength of

1885-497: The ANP, and in coordination with CSTC-A, to plan and implement authorized and resourced operational capacity building for ANSF, in order to enhance the government of the Islamic republic 's ability to achieve security and stability in Afghanistan. As of December 2011 , total manpower of the ANSF is over 290,000 and is expected to reach 400,000 by the end of 2014. Facilities and capacity planning efforts are rapidly adjusting to

1950-572: The ANP. Program will teach personal hygiene and sanitation procedures to reduce the disease rate and potentially increase the daily strength available for operations. Provides instructors and advisors to support a curriculum that will prepare recruits in specialized areas of law enforcement such as criminal investigation and special weapons and tactics. Includes instructors for the Afghan National Civil Order Police (ANCOP) National Training Facility at Adraskan. Because of

2015-1156: The ANP. With the force at 126,000 the remaining training capability will be used for professional courses to include a new advanced police course projected to train 3,200 graduates of the basic police training. These courses are required to provide a professional force free from corruption that can enforce the Rule of Law. Specialized training courses such as: Bayman and Panshir Model Police, Justice and Corrections program, literacy program, criminal investigation division, counter terrorism program, Border Police training, Domestic violence, Sexual Assault, Professional standards Units, Family Assistance Unit, Trafficking in Persons Program, Senior Leadership English Language, Medic Training, TIP Courses, Tactical Training Program (SWAT), Public Order Program, FTO/PTP, Drivers Training and Records Identification Program. Provides for ANP Counter-Improvised Explosive Device (CIED) / Explosive Ordnance Disposal (EOD) initial training. These funds will train 16 eight man teams on IED defeat mechanisms. The course will be

Nimruz Province - Misplaced Pages Continue

2080-756: The Afghan security forces was conducted by a single command. Between 2002 and 2009, the Afghan National Police (ANP) received training under the Afghanistan Police Program . At a 2009 NATO Summit in Strasbourg - Kehl , while celebrating sixty years of peace and security within the alliance, NATO allies and partners, announced that they would establish a NATO Training Mission-Afghanistan, drawing on NATO's successful experience training in Iraq, to oversee higher level training for

2145-807: The Fire Departments across the country. This budget item will provide for the construction of this specialized facility and training equipment and practical exercise "burn house" and well as first aid training and associated training aids. Program will, in conjunction with the MoI Staff, develop and publish needed doctrine for the Afghan National Police. These publications will include: policy and procedure manual, First Aid Publication, Fire Department Operations Manual, Criminal Investigation Field Manual, Border Police Operations Manual, Afghanistan National Civil Order Police Operations Manual,

2210-637: The Kandahar International Airport (where the AAF Kandahar Air Wing) and at Shindand Air Base (where the AAF Shindand Air Wing) are located as well as detachments at smaller AAF locations such as Herat. The NATO air advisors also serve as liaisons with various IJC regional commands to facilitate and deconflict AAF air missions. NATC-A also trains, equips and supports the ANP's Air Interdiction Unit as

2275-427: The Taliban, which posted videos 'welcoming' the fleeing fighters. NATO commanders initially stated that an estimated 90% of the attacks are due to cultural differences and personal enmity while the Afghan government disagreed with NATO’s analyst and blamed the problem on “infiltration by foreign spy agencies”, including those of “neighboring countries”. With the drawdown of forces, NTM-A was re-designated CJ7 and became

2340-580: The US-led invasion in October 2001, the Taliban began losing control of the province to the new Afghan government under President Hamid Karzai . The area is historically known for drugs and weapons smuggling between Afghanistan, Iran and Pakistan. Many foreign militants also use the province to go back and forth between the 3 nations. The Delaram–Zaranj Highway was built by the Indian government in 2009, which

2405-469: The abandonment of that city, its name, Zarang or Zaranj in later Perso-Arabic orthography, was transferred to the subsequent administrative centers of the region, which itself came to be known as Sakastān, then Sijistan and finally Sistān . Medieval Zaranj is located at Nād-i `Alī, 4.4 km north of the modern city of Zaranj. According to the Arab geographers, prior to medieval Zaranj, the capital of Sistan

2470-443: The attackers in these incidents were members of the special Afghan Local Police (ALP) units, who operated as a local tribal force and were known to have ties to the Taliban. They were are also known to use drugs and were sometimes reported for abusing civilians. The Long War Journal reported on such attacks, counting 155 since 2008 to 11 June 2017, resulting in 152 Coalition dead and 193 wounded. ANA fighters sometimes fled to

2535-546: The basic and advanced training of enlisted recruits, and also runs the Drill Instructor School which produces new training NCOs for the basic training courses. The NATO Air Training Command-Afghanistan (NATC-A) trains, equips and advises the AAF. There were three NATC-A air expeditionary training groups embedded with AAF air wings at Kabul International Airport (where the AAF Kabul Air Wing),

2600-620: The capital of Nimroz province. A new highway called Route 606 was built between Zaranj and Delaram in Farah province by the Indian Government 's Border Roads Organization at a cost of about US$ 136 million to open up a link between the deep sea port at Chabahar in Iran to Afghanistan's main ring road highway system which connects Kabul , Kandahar , Herat , Mazar-i-Sharif and Kunduz . The 215-kilometre-long (134 mi) highway,

2665-544: The city relies mostly on Iranian products. With the increase of trade the Afghan Border Police is dealing with a rise in smuggling, particularly illegal drugs and weapons. The overall economic situation is becoming better for the local population of the city. Hundreds of trucks containing merchandise from the Middle East enter the city on a daily basis. In the last decade, the U.S. Marines and others of

Nimruz Province - Misplaced Pages Continue

2730-464: The city's prisoners go free, but the most "notorious inmates" were already transferred to Kabul. The Taliban had been using prison breaks to degrade the security forces' morale and grow their own ranks. The takeover meant that Ashraf Ghani 's government could no longer get revenue from the region's border crossings with Iran. The percentage of households with clean drinking water fell from 38% in 2005 to 24% in 2011. The percentage of births attended to by

2795-468: The city, the Taliban broke into the city's prison, releasing a large number of prisoners into Zaranj. On March 8, 2022, the New York Times reported a boom in the business of smugglers helping - for payment - the escape of hundreds of thousands of Afghans seeking to cross into Iran, to escape the Taliban rule and/or the harsh economic conditions. According to the report, "nearly everyone in Zaranj

2860-460: The decades of turmoil in Afghanistan, there is a dearth of trained legal experts and legal staff that can step into the MoI's Legal Advisor department without significant remedial training provided in the program. The Fire Department Training Facility will train up to 450 per year. The Fire Department will need a dedicated training facility in Kabul providing initial, special and sustainment training for

2925-450: The deliberate actions of members of the Afghan forces. Another 65 NATO soldiers were killed in insider attacks between 2007 and 2011. The increase in so called "green-on-blue attacks" prompted U.S. officials to revamp the screening process of potential Afghan recruits as Afghan military leadership identified "hundreds" of Afghan soldiers within their ranks who were linked to the Taliban insurgency or harbored anti-American views . Most of

2990-713: The earlier 12–14 hours to just 2 hours. India - Iran signed an agreement in May 2016 to connect it to Port of Chabahar with rail and road links. NATO Training Mission-Afghanistan The NATO Training Mission-Afghanistan ( NTM-A ) was a multinational military organisation, activated in November 2009, tasked with providing a higher-level training for the Afghan National Army (ANA) and Afghan Air Force (AAF), including defense colleges and academies, as well as being responsible for doctrine development, and training and advising Afghan National Police (ANP). The commanding officer

3055-468: The early 18th century, the city became part of the Afghan Hotaki dynasty until they were removed from power in 1738 by Nader Shah of Khorasan . Zaranj came under Khanate of Kalat in the mid-18th century. Under the modern Afghan governments, the area was known as Farah-Chakansur Province until 1968, when it was separated to form the provinces of Nimruz and Farah . The city of Zaranj became

3120-477: The modern Afghan government, the province was known as Chakhansur Province until 1968, when it was separated to form the provinces of Nimruz and Farah . The city of Zaranj became the capital of Nimroz province at that time. During the Soviet–Afghan War , Nimruz province was used by mujahideen crossing back and forth between Afghanistan and neighboring countries. It was also used by Afghan refugees escaping

3185-500: The name of an ancient city whose name is also attested in Old Persian as Zranka . In Greek, this word became Drangiana . Other historical names for Zaranj include Zirra, Zarangia, Zarani etc. Ultimately, the word Zaranj is derived from the ancient Old Persian word zaranka ("waterland"). Achaemenid Zranka, the capital of Drangiana , was almost certainly located at Dahan-e Gholaman , southeast of Zabol in Iran . After

3250-537: The population of Nimruz Province at approximately 186,963 people. This estimate includes the many Kuchi nomads who inhabit the province seasonally and the native settled people. It is the only province of Afghanistan where the Baloch ethnic group forms a majority. The Balochs are followed by Pashtun , Brahui , Tajik , Uzbek , and Hazara . The Pashtun tribes are mostly Barakzai and Nurzai . Almost all inhabitants except Hazaras follow Sunni Islam . Languages spoken in

3315-426: The province are Pashto , Dari and Balochi . Zaranj Zaranj ( Persian / Pashto / Balochi : زرنج ) is a city in southwestern Afghanistan , which has a population of 160,902 people as of 2015. It is the capital of Nimruz Province and is linked by highways with Lashkargah and Kandahar to the east, Farah to the north and the Iranian city of Zabol to the west. The Abresham border crossing

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3380-472: The readiness of each HQ, they go through a transition, following which the international mentor team leaves the ANA organisation. Formal education and professional development is currently conducted at two main ANATC schools, both in Kabul. The National Military Academy of Afghanistan , located near Kabul International Airport , is a four-year military university, which will produce degreed second lieutenants in

3445-534: The significant increases in national recruiting efforts to meet manpower needs. Members of the coalition forces in Afghanistan have undertaken different responsibilities in the creation of the ANA and the Afghan Air Force (AAF). All these various efforts are managed on the Coalition side by NATO Training Mission - Afghanistan (NTM-A), a three-star level multi-national command headquartered in downtown Kabul . Since 2006 all training and education done by

3510-484: The territory served as a major smuggling hub due to its border with Iran and Pakistan. The province became popular after the trade route between Iran and Afghanistan became operational, which provides another large income to the Afghan government. The Sistan Basin dominates the province. Many parts of the south are covered by the Godzareh Depression which includes marshes and dry lakes. The NSIA puts

3575-414: The training requirement shifted from force production to sustainment of the force and professionalization of the force. This will be accomplished by completing the border police end strength to 18,000 with 1,550 new border police completing basic training. ANCOP will reach its authorized level by training 2,100 new ANCOP policemen. Basic training for 3,500 new Uniform Police is planned to stop attrition in

3640-429: The two countries," Mukherjee said at a function to mark this handover. On the occasion, Karzai said, the completion of the project is a message to those who want to stop cooperation between India and Afghanistan. "Our cooperation will not stop". The Taliban was opposed to this project and launched frequent attacks on the construction workers in an attempt to force the winding up of the work. A total of six Indians, including

3705-461: The war as well as by smugglers. As the Taliban came to power in 1995, they seized the road-controlling town of Delaram (now within Farah Province ), and came to an agreement with local mujahideen commanders that the fate of the province would not be decided until a clear victor emerged in the capture of Kabul . However, the Taliban advanced on Nimruz only days later, and the mujahideen under command of Abdul Karim Brahui fled to Iran. Following

3770-481: Was also involved in development activities. In 2021, American forces withdrew from Afghanistan. On August 6, 2021, the Taliban overran Nimruz, when the Afghan government forces in the city of Zaranj, the 215th Corps , fled. There had been a lack of reinforcements from the government. The fleeing allowed the Taliban to take the city, including the government forces' "military bases and intelligence offices". The government forces then crossed over into Iran. The Taliban let

3835-579: Was born and raised in this region. The territory became part of the Ghaznavids followed by the Ghurids , Timurids , and Safavids . In the early 18th century, the region fell to the Afghan Hotaki dynasty until they were removed from power in 1738 by Nader Shah . By 1747, Ahmad Shah Durrani made it part of Afghanistan after he conquered the territory from northeastern Iran to Delhi in India. Under

3900-560: Was confirmed by local sources that the city had been captured by the Taliban , making it the first provincial capital captured by the Taliban during their advances after the withdrawal of foreign forces in Afghanistan . Afghan officials stated the Taliban faced "little resistance" in capturing the city with the 215th Corps of the Afghan National Army focusing instead on the Battle of Lashkargah . Shortly after entering

3965-528: Was dual-hatted and commanded both NTM-A and Combined Security Transition Command – Afghanistan (CSTC-A) and reported to the Commander of ISAF . Its mission was: "NTM-A/CSTC-A, in coordination with NATO Nations and Partners, International Organizations, Donors and NGO's (Non-Government Organizations); supports GIRoA (Government of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan) as it generates and sustains

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4030-528: Was formalized in April 2003, based near the KMTC coordinating collective and individual training, mentoring, and Coalition Force support. Each ANA HQ above battalion level has or had an embedded Operational Mentor and Liaison Team (OMLT) of NATO trainers and mentors acting as liaisons between ANA and ISAF . The OMLTs co-ordinate operational planning and ensure that the ANA units receive enabling support. Pending on

4095-421: Was located at Ram Shahristan (Abar shariyar). Ram Shahristan had been supplied with water by a canal from the Helmand River, but its dam broke, the area was deprived of water, and the populace moved three days' march to found Zaranj. This Zaranj appears on the Peutinger Map of late Antiquity . The area came under Muslim rule in 652, when Zaranj surrendered to the governor of Khurāsān ; it subsequently became

4160-420: Was once part of the historical region of Sistan , which over the many centuries was held by the Achaemenid Empire , Alexander the Great and others before being conquered and converted to Islam by the Muslim Arabs in the seventh century. The region became part of the Saffarid dynasty in 860 CE with its capital at Zaranj, which was one of the first local dynasties of the Islamic era. Its founder Yaqub Saffari

4225-426: Was the local coppersmith turned warlord , Ya'qub ibn al-Layth al-Saffar . It became part of the Ghaznavids , Ghorids , Trimurids , Safavids and others. Defeated by the Samanids in 900, the Saffarids sank to a position of regional importance, until conquered by Mahmud of Ghazni in 1003. Subsequently, Zaranj served as the capital of the Nasrid (1029–1225) and Mihrabānid (1236–1537) maliks of Nīmrūz. In

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