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47-820: Nino Burjanadze was born in Kutaisi , then- Soviet Georgia . She graduated in 1986 from the Faculty of Law of the Tbilisi State University (TSU) and afterwards pursued education at the Moscow State University from which she graduated with a doctorate in International Law in 1990. In 1991, she became a docent ( Associate Professor ) of the Faculty of International Law at the Tbilisi State University. At

94-519: A demonstration in Tbilisi demanding Georgian President Mikheil Saakashvili 's resignation. In the southwestern town of Batumi some demonstrations also occurred with some protesters attempting to break into the television building. Nino Burjanadze has been a lead figure in the demonstrations. The protesters in Batumi briefly clashed with police. On 26 May at about 00:15, Georgian police began to suppress

141-592: A journal published by the Ministry of Diaspora Issues , and Gantiadi , a scientific journal. TV: "Rioni"; Radio: "Dzveli Kalaki" (old City) Also nearly all of Georgia's national-level newspapers, journals and television stations have their representatives in Kutaisi. Kutaisi is located along both banks of the Rioni River . The city lies at an elevation of 125–300 metres (410–984 feet) above sea level . To

188-465: A parliamentary chairperson expired with the new legislature's inaugural session on 7 June 2008, when she was succeeded by David Bakradze . In June 2008, Burjanadze announced she would set up a think tank that would serve as "a new form of being in politics." The organization — the Foundation for Democracy and Development (FDD) — was inaugurated in Tbilisi on 7 July 2008. On 27 October 2008, in

235-556: A second time (until the election returned Saakashvili to office on 20 January 2008). Burjanadze was designated to lead the United National Movement party list for the parliamentary elections scheduled on 21 May 2008, but on 21 April she announced, in a surprise move, that she would not seek reelection due to a lack of consensus in the compilation of the National Movement's party list. Burjanadze's term as

282-576: A visa-free regime for Georgians, removing Russian troops from Abkhazia and South Ossetia (disputed Georgian regions under Russian occupation since the 2008 Russo-Georgian War ) and opening Russian market for Georgian products. To this end, the party's leader Nino Burjanadze visited the Russian President Vladimir Putin in Moscow several times, the most recently in 2019. While the party supported enhancing cooperation with

329-576: Is a city in the Imereti region of the Republic of Georgia . One of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world, it is the third-most populous city in Georgia after Tbilisi and Batumi . It lies 221 kilometres (137 miles) west of Tbilisi, on the Rioni River , and is the capital of Imereti. Historically one of the major cities of Georgia, it served as the political center of Colchis in

376-758: Is a political party in Georgia chaired by Nino Burjanadze ; it was founded on 24 November 2008. The secretary-general of the party is Vakhtang Kolbaia . Until 2012, the party was in opposition to the government led by Mikheil Saakashvili and his United National Movement . The party favored closer ties with both Russia and the European Union while maintaining and expanding many of the government's economic and social reform initiatives. It also claimed to seek greater political freedom above and beyond what Saakashvili's administration claimed to provide. It vehemently opposed what it characterized as authoritarianism on

423-645: Is an old tradition to go to the forest, which is near Kutaisi. Families barbecue and play games. On this day, people wear traditional clothes, Chokha . There is a tradition of writing lyrics that have been written by writers from Kutaisi, and then airplanes throw them from the sky. There is also a competition in different kinds of martial arts. Kutaisi is twinned with: Kutaisi has cooperation agreements with: Democratic Movement %E2%80%93 United Georgia Democratic Movement – United Georgia ( Georgian : დემოკრატიული მოძრაობა — ერთიანი საქართველო , romanized : demok'rat'iuli modzraoba — ertiani sakartvelo )

470-403: Is around 1,500 mm (59.06 in). Rain may fall in every season of the year. The city often experiences heavy, wet snowfall ( snowfall of 30 cm / 12 in or more per single snowstorm is not uncommon) in the winter, but the snow cover usually does not last for more than a week. There are roughly 15.5 days a year with snow depth. Kutaisi experiences powerful easterly winds in

517-679: Is believed that, in Argonautica , a Greek epic poem about Jason and the Argonauts and their journey to Colchis, author Apollonius Rhodius considered Kutaisi their final destination as well as the residence of King Aeëtes . Later, it was the capital of the kingdom of Lazica until being occupied briefly by the Arabs . An Arab invasion into western Georgia was repelled by Abkhazians jointly with Lazic and Iberian allies in 736, towards c. 786, Leon II won his full independence from

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564-434: Is one of three international airports currently in operation in Georgia . Kutaisi has two main railway stations, along with multiple smaller ones. Direct inter-city, as well as suburban railway services, are provided to Tbilisi ( Central ) and other major cities across the country. The rail operator on all lines is Georgian Railways . Kutaisoba is the most important holiday in Kutaisi. It is celebrated on 2 May. On this day

611-699: The 2017–18 UEFA Women's Champions League qualifying round after becoming champion in the Georgia women's football championship in 2016. Kutaisi also has an influential basketball club BC Kutaisi 2010 , 2016 Champion of the Georgian Superliga , which plays its home games at the Kutaisi Sport Palas . David the Builder Kutaisi International Airport (IATA: KUT, ICAO: UGKO) is an international airport located 14 km (8.70 mi) west of Kutaisi. It

658-589: The Byzantine Empire and transferred his capital to Kutaisi, thus unifying Lazica and Abasgia via a dynastic union. The latter led the unification of the Georgian monarchy in the 11th century. From 1008 to 1122, Kutaisi served as the capital of the Kingdom of Georgia , and, from the 15th century until 1810, it was the capital of the Kingdom of Imereti . In 1508, the city was conquered by Selim I , who

705-704: The European Union , it considered the Georgia's proposed EU membership only theoretical and long-term objective. Instead, the party argued that Georgia should reorient towards building friendly relations with Russia as its foreign policy priority. In domestic politics, the party argued for strengthening democratic institutions, replacing military conscription with the contract-based service, imposing progressive tax system , reducing taxes for small businesses, banning foreign ownership of Georgian land, setting term limits for judges, allowing private arbitrate to settle economic disputes, bringing officials from Saakashvili administration to responsibility for "drawing Georgia into

752-587: The Middle Ages as the capital of the Kingdom of Abkhazia and Kingdom of Georgia and later as the capital of the Kingdom of Imereti . From October 2012 to December 2018, Kutaisi was the seat of the Parliament of Georgia as an effort to decentralize the Georgian government. Archaeological evidence indicates that the city functioned as the capital of the Colchis in the sixth to fifth centuries BC. It

799-418: The 2008 war with Russia", increasing pension and minimum wage , decriminalizing drug use, banning banks from selling the only residential place without giving a share to incapable family members, introducing six-month unemployment benefits and "mother's salary", curbing immigration , protecting traditional values and fighting against "propaganda of homosexuality and incest". Running on this platform,

846-533: The Caucasus created by Tsar Alexander II.'s Judicial Reform . After a ten-day trial, with nearly 70 witnesses, the nine defendants were acquitted as the defense lawyers Petr Aleksandrov, Lev Kupernik and Moisei Kikodze convinced the judges that the accusations against the Jewish men were mostly based on false testimony. Kutaisi was a major industrial center before Georgia's independence on 9 April 1991. Independence

893-677: The EU. The factory plans to employ about 3,000 people. Kutaisi has a great tradition in sports, with many famous sports clubs. FC Torpedo Kutaisi has participated on the highest level of the Soviet Union football league. After Georgia achieved independence, it won many domestic and international titles. RC AIA Kutaisi won the Soviet Championship several times in rugby , and after independence, national championships and cups. The women's football club FC Martve takes part at

940-536: The Georgian interior ministry confirmed, that 10 of the activists from Burdzhanadze's party, Democratic Movement–United Georgia had been arrested. Burdzhanadze accused Mikheil Saakashvili of arranging the arrests to intimidate the opposition. Burdzhanadze said the arrests marked the start of a "punitive campaign" by the government against the opposition, ahead of the mass protest planned for April 9 to demand Saakashvili's resignation. The protests led by Burzhanadze began on May 21, 2011 when over 10,000 Georgians attended

987-500: The Georgian politics. The party opposed the Georgia's proposed NATO membership and blamed it for Georgia's strained relationship with the Russian Federation . The party proposed to reject Georgia's prospective NATO membership by enshrining " non-bloc status " and military neutrality in the constitution. In exchange for this, the party promised to restore good relations with Russia, reaching an agreement with Moscow on

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1034-564: The November 2003 parliamentary elections. After the rigged parliamentary elections of 2 November 2003, she joined other opposition leaders in denouncing the election results and urging mass demonstrations against Shevardnadze. The terms of the Georgian constitution automatically made her the acting president when Shevardnadze resigned on 23 November. This became known as the Rose Revolution One of Burjanadze's first actions

1081-571: The Parliamentary Committee for Constitutional Law from 1998 to 1999, and the Parliamentary Committee for International Relations from 2000 to 2001. During the years, she became known as a supporter of pro-Western values and proponent of Georgia's integration with NATO and the European Union . She was closely allied with the reformist wing within the UCG led by Mikheil Saakashvili and Zurab Zhvania whom she succeeded on November 9 as

1128-499: The aftermath of the 2008 South Ossetia war between Russia and Georgia, Burjanadze announced the establishment of "a clear-cut opposition party" called Democratic Movement–United Georgia . On 28 November 2008, in an interview with Russia's Vesti news channel, Russia's NATO envoy Dmitry Rogozin accused the United States of planning to replace Mikheil Saakashvili with Burjanadze as president of Georgia. On March 23, 2009,

1175-659: The churches, there are other places of note such as: Sataplia Cave , where one can observe footprints of dinosaurs ; ruins of Geguti Palace , which was one of the residences of Georgian monarchs; "Okros Chardakhi" – Georgian Kings' Palace; the Pantheon , where many notable citizens are buried. The Kutaisi Synagogue was built in 1885. Higher educational institutions in Kutaisi: Local newspapers include: Kutaisi , Imeretis Moabe , Akhali Gazeti , and Kutaisuri Versia . Other publications include Chveneburebi ,

1222-737: The city has started attracting more investment from various multinational corporations. The Auto Mechanical Plant , originally established in 1945, is located in Kutaisi. There are two free industrial zones in Kutaisi: The Kutaisi free industrial zone (Kutaisi FIZ) and the Hualing free industrial zone (Hualing FIZ). The Kutaisi FIZ was created in 2009 and was established on the initiative of Fresh Electric, an Egypt -based home appliances producer. The Hualing FIZ operates since 2015, and specializes in wood and stone processing, furniture and mattress production and metal construction. Both of

1269-409: The city is 14.8 °C (58.6 °F). January is the coldest month with an average temperature of 5.4 °C (41.7 °F) while August is the hottest month with an average temperature of 24.7 °C (76.5 °F). The absolute minimum recorded temperature is −17.0 °C (1.4 °F) and the absolute maximum is 43.1 °C (109.6 °F) recorded on 30 July 2000. Average annual precipitation

1316-477: The city is the ruined Bagrati Cathedral , built by Bagrat III , king of Georgia, in the early 11th century. The Gelati Monastery a few km east of the city, is a UNESCO World Heritage Site . One of the famous churches in Georgia is Motsameta monastery . It is named after two saints, brothers David and Constantine. They were the Dukes of Margveti, and were martyred by Arab invaders in the 8th  century. Besides

1363-621: The east and northeast Kutaisi is bounded by the Northern Imereti Foothills, to the north by the Samgurali Range , and to the west and the south by the Colchis Plain. Kutaisi is surrounded by deciduous forests to the northeast and the northwest. The low-lying outskirts of the city have a largely agricultural landscape. The city center has many gardens and its streets are lined with high, leafy trees. In

1410-670: The forces of King Heraclius II of Georgia , who hoped to reconquer the Ottoman-held southern Georgian lands, with Russian help. Totleben helped King Solomon I of Imereti to recover his capital, Kutaisi, on August 6, 1770. Finally, the Russian-Turkish wars ended in 1810 with the annexation of the Imeretian Kingdom by the Russian Empire. The city was the administrative capital of the Kutaisi uezd and

1457-622: The free industrial zones offer multiple incentives to investors such as tax exemptions and reduced barriers for trade. In 2019, German solar panel manufacturer AE Solar opened a new, fully automated manufacturing line in Kutaisi. With a total output of 500 MW per year it is the largest solar panel factory under one roof in Europe. During the same year Changan Automobile announced plans to construct an electric car factory in Kutaisi, with an annual production capacity of up to 40,000 vehicles. The company plans to export annually about 20,000 cars to

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1504-529: The larger Kutaisi Governorate , which included much of west Georgia. In March 1879, the city was the site of a blood libel trial that attracted attention all over the Russian Empire. Nine Georgian Jews from Sachkhere were falsely accused of killing a Christian girl and using her blood for allegedly Jewish religious purposes. The trial took place at the Kutaisi Circuit Court, which had been established in 1868 as one of several new courts in

1551-505: The parliamentary chairperson after Zhvania resigned on November 1, 2001. Although she gave Shevardnadze strong support in his dealings with foreign countries (in particular with Russia), she spoke out forcefully against the corruption and inefficiency of his government's domestic policy, declaring it to be "absolutely incompetent." She left the UCG in 2002, forming an opposition party called the Burjanadze-Democrats to fight

1598-432: The part of Saakashvili's government. The party was one of the main organizers of the 2011 Georgian protests . On May 21, 2011, when over 10,000 people protested against Mikheil Saakashvili 's government, party leader Nino Burjanadze , her Husband Badri Bitsadze and other leaders of opposition were main figures. The government accused the opposition of plotting a coup in the wake of the 2008 South Ossetia war . In turn,

1645-472: The party accused the government of conducting a "campaign of terror" against the opposition. The party has remained in opposition since the Georgian Dream 's victory over the United National Movement in 2012 parliamentary elections . It challenged both Georgian Dream and United National Movement, two largest and most influential parties in Georgia, and briefly established itself as the third force in

1692-471: The party received around 10% of votes in 2013 presidential election and 2014 local election , ending up on third place in both cases. In 2014 some leaders of Christian-Democratic Movement joined and formed Bloc with Burjanadze's party and Georgian Troupe . The party frequently criticized the Georgian Dream government for perceived failure to improve relations with Russia and accused the Georgian political elite of "playing into America's hands". Following

1739-416: The population of Kutaisi crowds into the central park, with their children and celebrate together. Some people make masks and there are many kinds of performances. Also, children sell chamomiles . It is an old tradition, in the past ladies collected money for poor people, so today children also collect money for them. On Kutaisoba one can see traditional Georgian dances and can hear folk music. Also, it

1786-486: The pre-term presidential elections in with an overwhelming majority. He was inaugurated on 25 January. A new was elected on 28 March, with Burjanadze resuming her old post as Speaker on 22 April. Following a political crisis in late 2007, Saakashvili called new parliamentary and presidential elections for January 2008. In order to contest the presidential election, Saakashvili announced his resignation effective 25 November 2007, with Burjanadze becoming acting president for

1833-739: The protests with tear gas and rubber bullets. The following year, the ruling party lost parliamentary elections. Burjanadze is married to Badri Bitsadze , the former head of the Department of Georgian State Border Defence, who stood down shortly after Burdjanadze's political transformation. They have two sons. Aside from the Georgian language , she is fluent in the Russian and English languages . Kutaisi Kutaisi ( / k uː ˈ t aɪ s iː / koo- TY -see , Georgian : ქუთაისი pronounced [ˈkʰutʰaisi] )

1880-426: The results were as follows: Kutaisi has traditionally been an important industrial center in Georgia, but after the collapse of the Soviet Union most of the old manufacturing lines either stopped working or had to greatly reduce their operations. Nevertheless, the city continues to be an important regional center for the greater Imereti area, acting as a commercial hub for the surrounding countryside. In recent years,

1927-661: The same time, she worked as an expert-consultant in international law for the Parliament of Georgia and the Ministry for Environment Protection and Natural Resources. In 1995, Burjanadze was elected to the Parliament of Georgia for the Union of Citizens of Georgia (UCG) then chaired by the President of Georgia Eduard Shevardnadze and supported financially by her father Anzor Burjanadze, a wealthy businessman. She first chaired

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1974-489: The springtime, when the snow starts to melt in the nearby mountains, the storming Rioni River in the middle of the city is heard far beyond its banks. Kutaisi has a humid subtropical climate ( Cfa ) with a well-defined on-shore/monsoonal flow (characteristic of the Colchis Plain) during the autumn and winter months. The summers are generally hot, while the winters are wet and cool. The average annual temperature in

2021-534: The summer which descend from the nearby mountains. There are 13 administrative units in Kutaisi: The most recent mayoral election was held on 2 October 2021, with a runoff held on 30 October, and the results were as follows: List of elected mayors of Kutaisi The Kutaisi city council (Sakrebulo) governs the city alongside the Mayor. The most recent city council election was held on October 2, 2021 , and

2068-424: Was done in an effort to decentralize power and shift some political control closer to Abkhazia, although it has been criticized as marginalizing the legislature, and also for the demolition of a Soviet War Memorial formerly at the new building's location. The subsequent government of the Georgian Dream passed a new constitution that moved the parliament back to Tbilisi, effective from January 2019. The landmark of

2115-405: Was followed by the economic collapse of the country, and, as a result, many inhabitants of Kutaisi have had to work abroad. Small-scale trade prevails among the rest of the population. In 2011, Mikheil Saakashvili , the president of Georgia, signed a constitutional amendment relocating the parliament to Kutaisi. On 26 May 2012, Saakashvili inaugurated the new Parliament building in Kutaisi . This

2162-660: Was the son of Bayezid II , the sultan of the Ottoman Empire . During the 17th century, Imeretian kings made many appeals to the Russian Empire to help them in their struggle for independence from the Ottomans. All these appeals were ignored as Russia did not want to spoil relations with the Ottomans. Only in the reign of Catherine the Great , in 1768, were troops of general Gottlieb Heinrich Totleben sent to join

2209-409: Was to appeal for national unity and repeal the state of emergency declared by Shevardnadze, in an effort to restore stability to a country with a long history of political violence. She was an obvious candidate for the post, as she is widely respected by her compatriots - opinion polling in 2003 showed her to be one of 's three most popular political figures. On 4 January 2004, Mikhail Saakashvili won

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