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104-587: Nintendocore frequently features the use of electric guitars , drum kits , and typical rock instrumentation alongside synthesizers , chiptune , 8-bit sounds, and electronically produced beats. It originated primarily from various subgenres of hardcore punk and/or heavy metal , (such as post-hardcore , metalcore , deathcore , cybergrind , and screamo ) but artists in the genre have also incorporated elements of electro , noise rock , hardcore techno , ambient , glitch , breakcore , and post-rock , among others. Nintendocore groups vary stylistically and come from

208-440: A Guru Granth Sahib phrase). The same year, he contributed to Sakamoto's song "1000 Knives" for his solo album, Thousand Knives , which experimented with fusing electronic music with traditional Japanese music in early 1978. He was one of the first producers to recognize the appeal of video game sounds and music . YMO's self-titled debut in 1978 contained substantial video game sounds and after YMO disbanded an early project

312-613: A fictional Bollywood film, Cochin Moon , together with artist Tadanori Yokoo and future YMO band members Ryuichi Sakamoto and Hideki Matsutake . Inspired by a trip to India and "the exotic, luxurious, and seemingly wonder-filled scenarios played out in Indian cinemas ", it was an experimental "electro-exotica" album fusing exotic Indian music (reminiscent of Ravi Shankar and Bollywood music ) with electronic music, including an early " synth raga " song entitled "Hum Ghar Sajan" (from

416-466: A monaural signal. Many guitars with active electronics use a jack with an extra contact normally used for stereo . These guitars use the extra contact to break the ground connection to the on-board battery to preserve battery life when the guitar is unplugged. These guitars require a mono plug to close the internal switch and connect the battery to ground. Standard guitar cables use a high-impedance 1 ⁄ 4 inch (6.35 mm) mono plug. These have

520-400: A vibrato embellishment. A plastic pickguard on some guitars protects the body from scratches or covers the control cavity, which holds most of the wiring. The degree to which the choice of woods and other materials in the solid-guitar body (3) affects the sonic character of the amplified signal is disputed. Many believe it is highly significant, while others think the difference between woods

624-471: A 2-disc album titled Tribute to Haruomi . That same year, the animated film Appleseed Ex Machina was released featuring a soundtrack performed and supervised by Hosono. In September 2010 he performed at the De La Fantasia festival and played songs from his upcoming album. In February 2011 it was announced that his new album, entitled HoSoNoVa , was to be released on April 20. He also performed

728-636: A 7" single record, backed with the original version. In the autumn of 2019, an exhibition on Hosono's career—"Hosono Sightseeing"—was on display in Tokyo Sky View at the Roppongi Hills Mori Tower ; along with other memorabilia, this featured many of the instruments associated with Hosono, such as the Roland TR-808 , E-mu Emulator , and Prophet-5 . A documentary film, No Smoking , was also released, including footage from

832-525: A United States patent for an Electrical Stringed Musical Instrument and the patent was later issued in 1937. By the time it was patented, other manufacturers were already making their own electric guitar designs. Early electric guitar manufacturers include Rickenbacker in 1932; Dobro in 1933; National, AudioVox and Volu-tone in 1934; Vega , Epiphone (Electrophone and Electar), and Gibson in 1935 and many others by 1936. By early-mid 1935, Electro String Instrument Corporation had achieved success with

936-590: A built-in system to electrically amplify their output without altering their tone as an alternative to using a separate microphone. The system may consist of piezoelectric pickups mounted under the bridge, or a low-mass microphone (usually a condenser mic) inside the body of the guitar that converts the vibrations in the body into electronic signals. Combinations of these types of pickups may be used, with an integral mixer/preamp/graphic equalizer. Such instruments are called electric acoustic guitars . They are regarded as acoustic guitars rather than electric guitars because

1040-457: A collaboration with James Brown and Maceo Parker for a remake of the song " Sex Machine ". Another notable band project was 1995's Love, Peace & Trance. Members were Mimori Yusa ("Love"), Miyako Koda ("Peace"), Haruomi Hosono ("&") and Mishio Ogawa ("Trance"). In the 1990s he started the Daisyworld label to release a wide range of experimental artists from Japan and the rest of

1144-545: A cover version of the main theme from the arcade game Narc as a B-side to the single " Planet of Sound " in 1991, and avant-garde metal band Mr. Bungle , with their live cover of the Super Mario Bros. theme song, which was a regular staple throughout their 1990s concert setlist. Mr. Bungle would also sample sounds from video games on their debut album from 1991 , specifically the endings of "Carousel" and "Egg". It may be possible that Nintendocore creators Horse

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1248-507: A fixed bridge or a spring-loaded hinged bridge , which lets players "bend" the pitch of notes or chords up or down, or perform vibrato effects. The sound of an electric guitar can be modified by new playing techniques such as string bending , tapping , and hammering-on , using audio feedback , or slide guitar playing. There are several types of electric guitar. Early forms were hollow-body semi-acoustic guitars , while solid body guitars developed later. String configurations include

1352-576: A folding neck called the "Foldaxe" was designed and built for Chet Atkins by Roger C. Field . Steinberger guitars developed a line of exotic, carbon fiber instruments without headstocks, with tuning done on the bridge instead. Fingerboards vary as much as necks. The fingerboard surface usually has a cross-sectional radius that is optimized to accommodate finger movement for different playing techniques. Fingerboard radius typically ranges from nearly flat (a very large radius) to radically arched (a small radius). The vintage Fender Telecaster , for example, has

1456-556: A founding member of the bands Happy End and Yellow Magic Orchestra. Hosono has also released many solo albums covering a variety of styles, including film soundtracks and a variety of electronic ambient albums. As well as recording his own music, Hosono has done considerable production work for other artists such as Miharu Koshi , Sheena and the Roketts, Sandii & the Sunsetz , Chisato Moritaka and Seiko Matsuda . In 2003, Hosono

1560-492: A fusion of heavy metal and hardcore punk began to emerge as well as one of the first fusions of electronic music and hardcore punk, digital hardcore . The first known rock band to cover a video game song from an actual game however, was all-female indie rock group Autoclave with their cover of the theme song from popular video game Paperboy which was recorded in 1990. Other early rock groups known to cover video game songs were alternative rock band Pixies , who released

1664-428: A guitar amplifier and speaker. When an electric guitar is played, string movement produces a signal by generating (i.e., inducing ) a small electric current in the magnetic pickups, which are magnets wound with coils of very fine wire. The signal passes through the tone and volume circuits to the output jack, and through a cable to an amplifier . The current induced is proportional to such factors as string density and

1768-519: A hard, polymerized finish. Strings vibrating in the magnetic field of the pickups (3.1, 3.2) produce an electric current in the pickup winding that passes through the tone and volume controls (3.8) to the output jack. Some guitars have piezo pickups, in addition to or instead of magnetic pickups. Some guitars have a fixed bridge (3.4). Others have a spring-loaded hinged bridge called a vibrato bar , tremolo bar , or whammy bar , which lets players bend notes or chords up or down in pitch or perform

1872-518: A layered, keyboard-driven style of "poppy punk, hyper post-hardcore, and eight-bit blips". However, the band would not consider itself Nintendocore and later become unattached from the sound, later featuring a more general electronic sound. Arlington Heights High School students Brack Cantrell and Lee Duck would form Sky Eats Airplane in 2005. The two left their previous band and began writing heavier music while experimenting with synthetic beats. The band would release debut album Everything Perfect on

1976-455: A live support member of YMO, and as a solo artist; she sang Hosono's "Ai Ai Gasa", which she covered on her 1977 album Iroha Ni Konpeitou . In LA, Canadian indie rock musician Mac DeMarco —whose vocal admiration of Hosono has spread to a portion of his own fanbase—appeared during the show to perform "Honey Moon" as a duet with Hosono; Light in the Attic had recently released a cover of the song on

2080-731: A mostly electronic remake of his solo debut Hosono House that reversed the track listing. That spring, he performed his first solo shows in the U.S. This run included two sold-out shows at the Gramercy Theatre in New York City and a concert at the Mayan Theater in Los Angeles. The second New York show saw an appearance by current NYC resident Akiko Yano , who collaborated with Hosono in Tin Pan Alley, as

2184-658: A neck-through design is difficult or even impossible to repair, depending on the damage. Historically, the bolt-on style has been more popular for ease of installation and adjustment. Since bolt-on necks can be easily removed, there is an after-market in replacement bolt-on necks from companies such as Warmoth and Mighty Mite. Some instruments—notably most Gibson models—continue to use set-in glued necks. Neck-through bodies are somewhat more common in bass guitars. Materials for necks are selected for dimensional stability and rigidity, and some allege that they influence tone. Hardwoods are preferred, with maple , mahogany , and ash topping

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2288-434: A rhythm guitarist and a lead guitarist. Many experiments with electrically amplifying the vibrations of a string instrument were made dating back to the early part of the 20th century. Patents from the 1910s show telephone transmitters were adapted and placed inside violins and banjos to amplify the sound. Hobbyists in the 1920s used carbon button microphones attached to the bridge ; however, these detected vibrations from

2392-423: A semi-acoustic tone (see below) or both. Semi-acoustic guitars have a hollow body similar to an acoustic guitar and electromagnetic pickups mounted directly into the body. They work in a similar way to solid-body electric guitars except that because the hollow body also vibrates, the pickups convert a combination of string and body vibration into an electrical signal. Many models, known as semi-hollow bodies, have

2496-418: A single block of wood, semi-acoustic guitar bodies are made from multiple pieces of wood in an archtop form, a method of construction different from the typical steel string acoustic guitar . The top is formed from a moderately thick piece of wood which is then carved into a thin outward-curving shape, whereas conventional acoustic guitars have a thin, flat top. Some steel-string acoustic guitars include

2600-570: A solid block running through the middle of the soundbox designed to reduce acoustic feedback. They do not provide enough acoustic volume for live performance, but they can be used unplugged for quiet practice. Semi-acoustic guitars are noted for being able to provide a sweet, plaintive, or funky tone. They are used in many genres, including jazz, blues, funk , sixties pop, and indie rock . They generally have cello-style F-shaped sound holes , which can be blocked off to further reduce feedback. Whereas chambered guitars are made, like solid-body guitars, from

2704-586: A solo artist in June; the shows were scheduled as part of Sakamoto's MODE festival happening throughout England in June and July. The June 23 concert at the Barbican Centre in London featured an appearance by his YMO bandmates, with whom he performed his Solid State Survivor composition "Absolute Ego Dance". 2019 marked Hosono's 50th anniversary in the music industry. On March 6, he released Hochono House ,

2808-543: A special concert to celebrate its release. In May 2018, Light in the Attic Records announced a CD and vinyl reissue of five of Hosono's albums— Hosono House , Cochin Moon , Paraiso , Philharmony and omni Sight Seeing —for release in August and September 2018. The former four albums had never been released outside of Japan previously. Coinciding was the announcement that Hosono would play his first UK concerts as

2912-399: A tip and sleeve configuration referred to as a TS phone connector . The voltage is usually around 1 to 9 millivolts . A few guitars, such as Rickenbacker guitars equipped with Rick-O-Sound , feature stereo output. There are a variety of ways the "stereo" effect may be implemented. Commonly, but not exclusively, stereo guitars route the neck and bridge pickups to separate output buses on

3016-405: A top so heavily reinforced that it essentially functioned as a solid-body instrument. Unlike acoustic guitars, solid-body electric guitars have no vibrating soundboard to amplify string vibration. Instead, solid-body instruments depend on electric pickups, and an amplifier ("amp") and speaker . The solid body ensures that the amplified sound reproduces the string vibration alone, thus avoiding

3120-513: A torrent. In 2016, a small group of modern Nintendocore artists including Unicorn Hole, Polygon Horizon, and Got Item! released a compilation album themed after the original Super Smash Bros. game. This album was released by the net label "Nintendocore Lives", in an attempt to revitalize the genre. Math the Band formed in 2002 and made use of "analog synthesizers, vintage drum machines, old video game systems and shitty guitars" which helped define

3224-687: A triple single-coil guitar. The history of electric guitars has been summarized by Guitar World magazine, and the earliest electric guitar on their top 10 list is the Ro-Pat-In Electro A-25 "Frying Pan" (1932) described as "The first-fully functioning solid-body electric guitar to be manufactured and sold". It was the first electric guitar used in a publicly promoted performance, performed by Gage Brewer in Wichita, Kansas in October 1932. The most recent electric guitar on this list

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3328-590: A typical small radius of approximately 7.25 inches (18.4 cm). Some manufacturers have experimented with fret profile and material, fret layout, number of frets, and modifications of the fingerboard surface for various reasons. Some innovations were intended to improve playability by ergonomic means, such as Warmoth Guitars' compound radius fingerboard. Scalloped fingerboards added enhanced microtonality during fast legato runs. Fanned frets intend to provide each string with an optimal playing tension and enhanced musicality. Some guitars have no frets , while others, like

3432-532: A version of the song " Dixie " generated by the alarm of a digital wrist watch owned by Mick Jones used in " Rock the Casbah " (1982) by The Clash . Ian MacKaye , a key figure in the development of hardcore punk has mentioned his relationship with video games and how he enjoyed video games as a kid. Buckner and Garcia , fans of Pac-Man , released novelty song " Pac-Man Fever " in 1981. Originally having little local radio success, CBS Records took notice and

3536-409: A way to reduce or counter the sound, as they are designed to "buck" (in the verb sense of oppose or resist ) the hum, hence their name. The high combined inductance of the two coils also leads to the richer, "fatter" tone associated with humbucking pickups. Electric guitar necks vary in composition and shape. The primary metric of guitar necks is the scale length , which is the vibrating length of

3640-471: A wide array of influences. Horse the Band combines metalcore, heavy metal, thrash metal , and post-hardcore with post-rock passages. "The Black Hole" from Horse the Band's third album, The Mechanical Hand , is an example of Nintendocore, featuring screamed vocals, heavy "Nintendo riffs," and "sound effects from numerous games." Math the Band includes electro and dance-punk styles. Minibosses use Kyuss -inspired heavy metal riffing , and The Advantage

3744-409: A wood post with a neck attached and two hollow-body halves attached to the sides for appearance only — shares nothing in common for design or hardware with the solid-body Gibson Les Paul , designed by Ted McCarty and introduced in 1952. The feedback associated with amplified hollow-bodied electric guitars was understood long before Paul's "log" was created in 1940; Gage Brewer's Ro-Pat-In of 1932 had

3848-457: Is a guitar that requires external electric sound amplification in order to be heard at typical performance volumes, unlike a standard acoustic guitar . It uses one or more pickups to convert the vibration of its strings into electrical signals , which ultimately are reproduced as sound by loudspeakers . The sound is sometimes shaped or electronically altered to achieve different timbres or tonal qualities via amplifier settings or knobs on

3952-407: Is associated with styles such as noise rock and post-rock. The Depreciation Guild was an indie band that incorporated 8-bit sounds, video game music, and elements of shoegaze . Some bands feature singing, such as The Depreciation Guild , whose frontman Kurt Feldman provides "ethereal" and "tender vocals," and The Megas , who write lyrics that mirror video game storylines. Others, such as Horse

4056-445: Is capable of a multitude of sounds and styles in genres ranging from pop and rock to folk to country music , blues and jazz . It served as a major component in the development of electric blues , rock and roll , rock music , heavy metal music and many other genres of music. Electric guitar design and construction varies greatly in the shape of the body and the configuration of the neck, bridge, and pickups. Guitars may have

4160-420: Is just like 'Oh this song about your mom getting beat, what game is this about?' we're very serious most of the time about our music and art, it's only a reference to the idea of blending the digital music of the games and things we grew up on with all the other music we love. It was just a fun idea at the time but everyone took it a hundred yards too far." The earliest precursors to Nintendocore can be found with

4264-558: Is made of solid wood, without functionally resonating air spaces. The first solid-body Spanish standard guitar was offered by Vivi-Tone no later than 1934. This model featured a guitar-shaped body of a single sheet of plywood affixed to a wood frame. Another early, substantially solid Spanish electric guitar, called the Electro Spanish, was marketed by the Rickenbacker guitar company in 1935 and made of Bakelite . By 1936,

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4368-406: Is often used in two roles: as a rhythm guitar , which plays the chord sequences or progressions , and riffs , and sets the beat (as part of a rhythm section ); and as a lead guitar , which provides instrumental melody lines, melodic instrumental fill passages, and solos . In a small group, such as a power trio , one guitarist may switch between both roles; in larger groups there is often

4472-418: Is subtle. In acoustic and archtop guitars, wood choices more clearly affect tone. Woods typically used in solid-body electric guitars include alder (brighter, but well rounded), swamp ash (similar to alder, but with more pronounced highs and lows), mahogany (dark, bassy, warm), poplar (similar to alder), and basswood (very neutral). Maple , a very bright tonewood , is also a popular body wood but

4576-450: Is very heavy. For this reason, it is often placed as a "cap" on a guitar made primarily of another wood. Cheaper guitars are often made of cheaper woods, such as plywood , pine , or agathis —not true hardwoods—which can affect durability and tone. Though most guitars are made of wood, any material may be used. Materials such as plastic, metal, and even cardboard have been used in some instruments. The guitar output jack typically provides

4680-580: The Game Boy , made to create chiptune. The earliest Nintendocore band is that of Horse the Band . The band first coined the term in 2000, the term later appearing printed on the CD label of their I Am a Small Wooden Statue on a Patch of Crabgrass Next to a Dried Up Riverbed demo in September 2001. The EP would combine the heavy sound of metalcore with the melodic minimalism of chiptune. One year later, Horse

4784-754: The Gibson SG used by Angus Young from the group AC/DC . Some otherwise solid-bodied guitars, such as the Gibson Les Paul Supreme, the PRS Singlecut, and the Fender Telecaster Thinline , are built with hollow chambers in the body. These chambers are designed to not interfere with the critical bridge and string anchor point on the solid body. In the case of Gibson and PRS, these are called chambered bodies . The motivation for this may be to reduce weight, to achieve

4888-510: The Gittler guitar , have no neck in the traditional sense. Haruomi Hosono Haruomi Hosono ( Japanese : 細野 晴臣 , Hepburn : Hosono Haruomi , born July 9, 1947) , sometimes credited as Harry Hosono , is a Japanese musician, singer, songwriter and record producer. He is considered to be one of the most influential musicians in Japanese pop music history, credited with shaping

4992-673: The Slingerland company introduced a wooden solid-body electric model, the Slingerland Songster 401 (and a lap steel counterpart, the Songster 400). Gibson's first production electric guitar, marketed in 1936, was the ES-150 model ("ES" for "Electric Spanish", and "150" reflecting the $ 150 price of the instrument, along with matching amplifier). The ES-150 guitar featured a single-coil, hexagonally shaped "bar" pickup, which

5096-540: The Yamaha CS-80 polyphonic synthesizer and ARP Odyssey synthesizer. The band was named "Harry Hosono and the Yellow Magic Band" and, having been recorded in late 1977, Paraiso was released in early 1978. The three worked together again for the 1978 electronic album Pacific , which included an early version of the song "Cosmic Surfin'". In 1978, he released an innovative electronic soundtrack for

5200-409: The six-string guitar (the most common type), which is usually tuned E, A, D, G, B, E, from lowest to highest strings; the seven-string guitar , which typically adds a low B string below the low E; the eight-string guitar , which typically adds a low E or F# string below the low B; and the twelve-string guitar , which has six two-string courses similar to a mandolin . In rock, the electric guitar

5304-418: The wolf tones and unwanted feedback associated with amplified acoustic guitars. These guitars are generally made of hardwood covered with a hard polymer finish, often polyester or lacquer. In large production facilities, the wood is stored for three to six months in a wood-drying kiln before being cut to shape. Premium custom-built guitars are frequently made with much older , hand-selected wood. One of

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5408-589: The "Frying Pan", and set out to capture a new audience through its release of the Electro-Spanish Model B and the Electro-Spanish Ken Roberts , which was the first full 25-inch scale electric guitar ever produced. The Electro-Spanish Ken Roberts was revolutionary for its time, providing players a full 25-inch scale, with easy access to 17 frets free of the body. Unlike other lap-steel electrified instruments produced during

5512-563: The "core" suffix, which is often used to denote the various subgenres of hardcore punk . The term was first used in 2000, by Horse the Band frontman, Nathan Winneke; the term later appeared on the band's I Am a Small Wooden Statue on a Patch of Crabgrass Next to a Dried Up Riverbed demo. However, several members of the group have since attempted to distance themselves from the descriptor, such as former bassist Dashiel Arkenstone, who stated: "I reject it [Nintendocore] because it cheapens our music." Winneke later explained: "It sucks when everybody

5616-427: The Band and Math the Band , add screamed vocals into the mix. But yet other groups are strictly instrumental, such as Minibosses , and The Advantage . While otherwise diverse, all Nintendocore groups "use specific instruments to mimic the sounds of Nintendo games." The term "Nintendocore" is a portmanteau of Nintendo , the popular gaming company from which many of the genre's influences and samples originate and

5720-431: The Band who were creating similar music combining chiptune with rock music. In 1998, Swedish hardcore punk band Refused would release their third album The Shape of Punk to Come , which has elements of techno and electronica . This would later influence electronicore , a genre similar to and often confused with Nintendocore, bands such as Enter Shikari , one of the earliest electronicore bands. Also in 1998, Horse

5824-531: The Band booked its own tours starting the summer of 2002, including a three-month tour spanning seven countries, and also released the Beautiful Songs by Men EP. In 2003, Horse the Band would release their debut album R. Borlax and gain a cult following. Many of the songs on the album did not feature chiptune and instead featured "new-wave synths". Karate High School would be formed by multi-instrumentalist and producer Paul McGuire in 2004 featuring

5928-460: The Band were inspired by Mr. Bungle. The early to mid-1990s would see the creation of cybergrind , an offshoot of grindcore which borrows heavily from electronic music. Certain Nintendocore bands would later take from cybergrind. Appearing in the mid to late 1990s, electropunk musician Atom and His Package 's "unusual instrumentation" would be a major influence on artists such as Math

6032-666: The Band would form with a more traditional hardcore punk sound and would release the Scabies, the Kangarooster, and You EP in 1999. The next year in 2000, self-defined "SID Metal" band Machinae Supremacy would form. The band combines power metal and alternative metal with the SID chip from the Commodore 64 . The same year, software engineer Johan Kotlinski would release music tracker Little Sound Dj (often shortened to LSDj) for

6136-703: The Band would release the Pizza EP and was notably part of Warped Tour 2006 and toured with DragonForce gaining a bigger audience in the process and gaining more exposure for Nintendocore. Around the same time, various artists similar to Nintendocore would combine chiptune with various rock genres and were gaining traction. Artists such as Anamanaguchi , I Fight Dragons , Math the Band and :( would inspire terms such as "chiptune rock", "nintendo rock" and "chiptune punk". These artists would take from genres such as power pop , alternative rock and punk rock instead of metalcore, post-hardcore or cybergrind. Around

6240-610: The Broadcaster. Another notable solid-body design is the Fender Stratocaster , which was introduced in 1954 and became extremely popular among musicians in the 1960s and 1970s for its wide tonal capabilities and more comfortable ergonomics than other models. Different styles of guitar have different pick-up styles, the main being 2 or 3 " single-coil " pick-ups or a double humbucker , with the Stratocaster being

6344-717: The Wrong Day and quickly gain a following on social network Myspace despite mixed reviews from critics. Soon after, Nintendocore would become tied to Myspace and connected to cybergrind, a related genre that was emerging around the same time, with many artists combining Nintendocore with cybergrind. Artists associated with the Myspace community included Bubblegum Octopus, iamerror, Insert Disc, I Shot The Duck Hunt Dog, Dinotrax and Unicorn Hole. Music blogs such as Piranha Party and MusicNES soon after were used to find upcoming artists in Nintendocore and related genres. In 2006, Horse

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6448-449: The amount of movement over the pickups. Because of their natural qualities, magnetic pickups tend to pick up ambient, usually unwanted electromagnetic interference or EMI. This mains hum results in a tone of 50 or 60 cycles per second depending on the powerline frequency of the local alternating current supply. The resulting hum is particularly strong with single-coil pickups. Double-coil or " humbucker " pickups were invented as

6552-633: The back of the guitar by metal ferrules . Many believe this design improves a guitar's sustain and timbre . A few examples of string-through body guitars are the Fender Telecaster Thinline , the Fender Telecaster Deluxe , the B.C. Rich IT Warlock and Mockingbird, and the Schecter Omen 6 and 7 series. Compared to an acoustic guitar, which has a hollow body, electric guitars make much less audible sound when their strings are plucked, so electric guitars are normally plugged into

6656-469: The band would embark on their "Earth Tour", a self-funded, self-booked, and self-promoted tour of 47 countries in 90 days. The band would then release two DVDs chronicling the tour. The first, We Flooded It, and There's Yogurt Everywhere: 48 Hours in Ukraine would be released in 2009 and the second, Earth Tour , a ten-hour film, in 2010. The band would later release Earth Tour on their website for free as

6760-418: The body at the base of the guitar. These appear on Rickenbackers , Gretsches , Epiphones , a wide variety of archtop guitars , particularly jazz guitars , and the 1952 Gibson Les Paul. Pictured is a tremolo arm or vibrato tailpiece - style bridge and tailpiece system, often called a whammy bar or trem . It uses a lever ("vibrato arm") attached to the bridge that can temporarily slacken or tighten

6864-430: The body. Set-in necks are glued to the body at the factory. This is the traditional type of joint. Leo Fender pioneered bolt-on necks on electric guitars to facilitate easy adjustment and replacement. Neck-through instruments extend the neck to the length of the instrument so that it forms the center of the body. While a set-in neck can be carefully unglued by a skilled luthier , and a bolt-on neck can simply be unscrewed,

6968-555: The bridge on top of the instrument, resulting in a weak signal. Electric guitars were originally designed by acoustic guitar makers and instrument manufacturers. The demand for amplified guitars began during the big band era; as orchestras increased in size, guitar players soon realized the necessity in guitar amplification and electrification. The first electric guitars used in jazz were hollow archtop acoustic guitar bodies with electromagnetic transducers . The first electrically amplified stringed instrument to be marketed commercially

7072-546: The closer the fret spacing. Opinions vary regarding the effect of scale length on tone and feel. Popular opinion holds that longer scale length contributes to greater amplitude . Reports of playing feel are greatly complicated by the many factors involved in this perception. String gauge and design, neck construction and relief, guitar setup, playing style, and other factors contribute to the subjective impression of playability or feel. Necks are described as bolt-on , set-in , or neck-through , depending on how they attach to

7176-399: The different parts of an electric guitar. The headstock (1) contains the metal machine heads (1.1), which use a worm gear for tuning. The nut (1.4)—a thin fret-like strip of metal, plastic, graphite, or bone—supports the strings at the headstock end of the instrument. The frets (2.3) are thin metal strips that stop the string at the correct pitch when the player pushes a string against

7280-412: The duo Sketch Show with his YMO bandmate Yukihiro Takahashi . They have released two albums, one of which, Loophole , has received a UK release. When the third former YMO member, Ryuichi Sakamoto deepened his involvement it was decided to bill those collaborations as Human Audio Sponge  [ jp ] . In the spring of 2007, his fellow YMO members and other artist paid tribute to Haruomi with

7384-519: The early 1970s, when he performed the electric bass for Inoue Yousui 's folk pop rock album Ice World (1973) and Osamu Kitajima 's progressive /psychedelic rock album Benzaiten (1974), both of which were electronic rock records utilizing synthesizers, electric guitars, and in the latter, electronic drums and rhythm machines . In 1977, Hosono invited Ryuichi Sakamoto and Yukihiro Takahashi to work on his exotica -flavoured album Paraiso , which included electronic music produced using

7488-538: The effects of different woods or materials on the electric guitar sound. Several neck shapes appear on guitars, including shapes known as C necks, U necks, and V necks. These refer to the cross-sectional shape of the neck (especially near the nut). Several sizes of fret wire are available, with traditional players often preferring thin frets, and metal shredders liking thick frets. Thin frets are considered better for playing chords, while thick frets allow lead guitarists to bend notes with less effort. An electric guitar with

7592-420: The fingerboard. The truss rod (1.2) is a metal rod (usually adjustable) that counters the tension of the strings to keep the neck straight. Position markers (2.2) provide the player with a reference to the playing position on the fingerboard. The neck and fretboard (2.1) extend from the body. At the neck joint (2.4), the neck is either glued or bolted to the body. The body (3) is typically made of wood with

7696-472: The first chiptune albums and the first video game music album. Other songs based on or sampling video games soon followed, including "Disco Space Invaders" (1979) by Funny Stuff, " Space Invader " (1980) by The Pretenders , "Space Invaders" (1980) by Uncle Vic, and "Pac-Man" (1981) by "Weird Al" Yankovic . Similar sounds used in other songs include the "tackled" sound from a Mattel electronic football game used in " The Logical Song " (1979) by Supertramp and

7800-432: The first improvements on the vibrato system in many years when, in the late 1970s, he experimented with "locking" nuts and bridges that prevent the guitar from losing tuning, even under heavy vibrato bar use. The fourth type of system employs string-through body anchoring. The strings pass over the bridge saddles, then through holes through the top of the guitar body to the back. The strings are typically anchored in place at

7904-432: The first solid-body guitars was invented by Les Paul . Gibson did not present their Gibson Les Paul guitar prototypes to the public, as they did not believe the solid-body style would catch on. Another early solid-body Spanish style guitar, resembling what would become Gibson's Les Paul guitar a decade later, was developed in 1941 by O.W. Appleton, of Nogales, Arizona. Appleton made contact with both Gibson and Fender but

8008-926: The guitar. A stereo cable then routes each pickup to its signal chain or amplifier. For these applications, the most popular connector is a high-impedance 1 ⁄ 4 inch (6.35 mm) plug with a tip, ring, and sleeve configuration, also known as a TRS phone connector . Some studio instruments, notably certain Gibson Les Paul models, incorporate a low- impedance three-pin XLR connector for balanced audio . Many exotic arrangements and connectors exist that support features such as midi and hexaphonic pickups. The bridge and tailpiece , while serving separate purposes, work closely together to affect playing style and tone. There are four basic types of bridge and tailpiece systems on electric guitars. Within these four types are many variants. A hard-tail guitar bridge anchors

8112-406: The guitar. Often, this is done through the use of effects such as reverb , distortion and "overdrive" ; the latter is considered to be a key element of electric blues guitar music and jazz , rock and heavy metal guitar playing. Designs also exist combining attributes of electric and acoustic guitars: the semi-acoustic and acoustic-electric guitars. Invented in 1932, the electric guitar

8216-654: The influential folk rock group Happy End with Eiichi Ohtaki and Shigeru Suzuki . One of the songs he composed for Happy End, " Kaze wo Atsumete " (1971), later appeared in the American film Lost in Translation and on its soundtrack in 2003. After Happy End disbanded around 1974, Hosono worked with Suzuki and a loose association of artists making " exotica "-style music under the title Tin Pan Alley . His involvement in electronic music also dates back to

8320-434: The late 1980s, heavy metal and punk rock became increasingly popular, due to this, its music started appearing in or influencing more video games. Video games featuring or inspired by heavy metal and/or punk rock music included Doom (1993), Quake (1996), Tony Hawk's Pro Skater (1999) and Crazy Taxi (2000). Around this time, post-hardcore , a more creatively experimental form of hardcore punk, and metalcore ,

8424-422: The late 70's, the group would sample Space Invaders sounds in their influential 1978 debut album , particularly the hit song "Computer Game". In turn, the band would have a major influence on much of the video game music produced after. Former Yellow Magic Orchestra member Haruomi Hosono would go on to release a 1984 album produced entirely from Namco arcade game music entitled simply Video Game Music , one of

8528-422: The late 80s and early 90s, the influence of world music on his music deepened, and he worked with international singers and musicians such as Amina Annabi . He has produced a number of short-term band projects as a band member. His first post-YMO band was Friends of Earth. As with most of his projects he combines musical styles he's interested in. F.O.E. seemed to be a combination of funk and techno, and included

8632-649: The list. The neck and fingerboard can be made from different materials; for example, a guitar may have a maple neck with a rosewood or ebony fingerboard. Today there are expensive and budget guitars exploring other options for fretboard wood for instance Pau-Ferro , both for availability and cheap price while still maintaining quality. In the 1970s, designers began to use exotic human-made materials such as aircraft-grade aluminum , carbon fiber , and ebonol . Makers known for these unusual materials include John Veleno , Travis Bean , Geoff Gould , and Alembic . Aside from possible engineering advantages, some feel that with

8736-423: The pickups do not produce a signal directly from the vibration of the strings, but rather from the vibration of the guitar top or body, and the amplification of the sound merely increases volume, not alters tone. Electric guitar design and construction vary greatly in the shape of the body and the configuration of the neck, bridge, and pickups. However, some features are present on most guitars. The photo below shows

8840-446: The relationship between video games and chiptune with rock music. After the success of video games and eventual entering of popular culture in the late 1970s during the golden age , many music artists began capitalizing on video games, often using samples of games or having songs lyrically about a specific game, as well as appearing in them. One of the first artists to do this was synth-pop pioneers Yellow Magic Orchestra . Emerging in

8944-592: The rising cost of rare tonewoods , human-made materials may be economically preferable and more ecologically sensitive. However, wood remains popular in production instruments, though sometimes in conjunction with new materials. Vigier guitars , for example, use a wooden neck reinforced by embedding a light, carbon fiber rod in place of the usual heavier steel bar or adjustable steel truss rod. After-market necks made entirely from carbon fiber fit existing bolt-on instruments. Few, if any, extensive formal investigations have been widely published that confirm or refute claims over

9048-713: The same time, artists such as I Set My Friends on Fire and Rolo Tomassi would start to include elements of Nintendocore into their music. Horse the Band would release A Natural Death in August 2007. Upon the album's release, "Murder" was frequently played on the Sirius Satellite Radio station, Hard Attack and the album would peak at #4 on the Top Heatseekers and on #27 on the Independent Albums charts. The next year in March 2008,

9152-635: The single hit #9 on the Billboard charts in 1982. Later that same year, an album of the same name released on CBS Records quickly followed composed entirely of video game themed songs. Songs on the album featured audio samples of gameplay for each game, this in turn would be a precursor to the fusion of chiptune and rock used in Nintendocore. Rock music has also influenced video game composers such as Koji Kondo , composer for Nintendo, often cited as being influenced by rock bands such as Deep Purple , Yes and Emerson, Lake & Palmer and Nobuo Uematsu who

9256-543: The sound of Japanese pop for decades as well as pop music outside of Japan. He also inspired genres such as city pop and Shibuya-kei , and as the leader of the Yellow Magic Orchestra , contributed to the development and pioneering of numerous electronic genres. The grandson of Titanic survivor Masabumi Hosono , Haruomi began his career with the psychedelic rock band Apryl Fool , before achieving recognition both nationally and internationally, as

9360-518: The sound that is commonly associated with Nintendocore. Having played shows in the U.K., Mexico, and Canada with a variety of artists and rappers, they have helped spread the genre to venues outside of the United States. Math the Band is one of the bands with the Nintendocore sound still active today, performing at MAGFest 2020 and their latest album Flange Factory Five releasing in October 2020. Electric guitar An electric guitar

9464-538: The strings at or directly behind the bridge and is fastened securely to the top of the instrument. These are common on carved-top guitars, such as the Gibson Les Paul and the Paul Reed Smith models , and on slab-body guitars, such as the Music Man Albert Lee and Fender guitars that are not equipped with a vibrato arm. A floating or trapeze tailpiece (similar to a violin 's) fastens to

9568-461: The strings from nut to bridge. A typical Fender guitar uses a 25.5-inch (65 cm) scale length, while Gibson uses a 24.75-inch (62.9 cm) scale length in their Les Paul . While the scale length of the Les Paul is often described as 24.75 inches, it has varied through the years by as much as a half inch. Frets are positioned proportionally to scale length—the shorter the scale length,

9672-668: The strings to alter the pitch . A player can use this to create a vibrato or a portamento effect. Early vibrato systems were often unreliable and made the guitar go out of tune easily. They also had a limited pitch range. Later Fender designs were better, but Fender held the patent on these, so other companies used older designs for many years. With the expiration of the Fender patent on the Stratocaster -style vibrato, various improvements on this type of internal, multi-spring vibrato system are now available. Floyd Rose introduced one of

9776-592: The time, the Electro-Spanish Ken Roberts was designed to play while standing upright with the guitar on a strap, as with acoustic guitars. The Electro-Spanish Ken Roberts was also the first instrument to feature a hand-operated vibrato as a standard arrangement, a device called the "Vibrola", invented by Doc Kauffman . It is estimated that fewer than 50 Electro-Spanish Ken Roberts were constructed between 1933 and 1937; fewer than 10 are known to survive today. The solid-body electric guitar

9880-633: The vibrations of the guitar strings into electrical signals, which could then be amplified. Commercial production began in late summer of 1932 by the Ro-Pat-In Corporation (Elect ro - Pat ent- In strument Company), in Los Angeles, a partnership of Beauchamp, Adolph Rickenbacker (originally Rickenbacher), and Paul Barth. In 1934, the company was renamed the Rickenbacker Electro Stringed Instrument Company. In that year Beauchamp applied for

9984-404: The world. Hosono collaborated on many of the releases, such as World Standard , a trip into Americana; HAT, a supergroup (the acronym stands for Hosono, Atom Heart , Tetsu Inoue ), and "Quiet Logic", by Mixmaster Morris and Jonah Sharp . The Orb also paid tribute with a series of remixes including the notorious "Hope You Choke on Your Whalemeat" remix of "Nanga Def". In 2002 Haruomi formed

10088-505: Was a cast aluminium lap steel guitar nicknamed the "Frying Pan" designed in 1931 by George Beauchamp , the general manager of the National Stringed Instrument Corporation , with Paul Barth, who was vice president. George Beauchamp, along with Adolph Rickenbacker , invented the electromagnetic pickups. Coils that were wrapped around a magnet would create an electromagnetic field that converted

10192-447: Was adopted by jazz guitar players, who wanted to play single-note guitar solos in large big band ensembles. Early proponents of the electric guitar on record include Les Paul , Eddie Durham , George Barnes , Lonnie Johnson , Sister Rosetta Tharpe , T-Bone Walker , and Charlie Christian . During the 1950s and 1960s, the electric guitar became the most important instrument in popular music . It has evolved into an instrument that

10296-551: Was an album simply titled Video Game Music containing mixed and edited Namco arcade game music and sounds. Video Game Music was released in 1984 as an early example of a chiptune record and the first video game music album. That same year, he also produced the theme song for Hayao Miyazaki 's popular anime film Nausicaä of the Valley of the Wind , "Kaze no Tani no Naushika", with vocals by actress-singer Narumi Yasuda . In

10400-479: Was designed by Walt Fuller. It became known as the " Charlie Christian " pickup (named for the jazz guitarist who was among the first to perform with the ES-150 guitar). The ES-150 achieved some popularity but suffered from unequal loudness across the six strings. A functioning solid-body electric guitar was designed and built in 1940 by Les Paul from an Epiphone acoustic archtop as an experiment. His " log guitar " —

10504-565: Was influenced by Elton John and progressive rock . In 1982, Journey 's seventh album Escape would influence the release of Atari 2600 video game Journey Escape , making it one of the first video games to be based on a rock band. Other rock band-centric video games soon followed. By the mid-1980s, the chiptune community had grown larger and often were associated with the Commodore 64 demoscene , often creating music for demos: self-contained, sometimes extremely small, computer programs that produce audiovisual presentations. Starting in

10608-499: Was ranked by HMV Japan at number 44 on their list of the top 100 Japanese pop acts of all time. Hosono is the grandson of Masabumi Hosono , the only Japanese passenger and survivor of the sinking of RMS Titanic . Hosono first came to attention in Japan as the bass player of the psychedelic rock band Apryl Fool , alongside drummer Takashi Matsumoto , who released the album The Apryl Fool in 1969. Hosono and Matsumoto then formed

10712-743: Was the Ibanez Jem (1987) which featured "24 frets", an impossibly thin neck" and was "designed to be the ultimate shredder machine". Numerous other important electric guitars are on the list, including Gibson ES-150 (1936), Fender Telecaster (1951), Gibson Les Paul (1952), Gretsch 6128 Duo Jet (1953), Fender Stratocaster (1954), Rickenbacker 360/12 (1964), Van Halen Frankenstrat (1975), Paul Reed Smith Custom (1985) many of these guitars were "successors" to earlier designs. Electric guitar designs eventually became culturally important and visually iconic, with various model companies selling miniature model versions of particularly famous electric guitars, for example,

10816-553: Was unable to sell the idea behind his "App" guitar to either company. In 1946, Merle Travis commissioned steel guitar builder Paul Bigsby to build him a solid-body Spanish-style electric. Bigsby delivered the guitar in 1948. The first mass-produced solid-body guitar was Fender Esquire and Fender Broadcaster (later to become the Fender Telecaster ), first made in 1950, five years after Les Paul made his prototype . The Gibson Les Paul appeared soon after to compete with

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